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Revision Record
Date Version Description Author
2008-11-23 1.0 Draft completed Wang Guanghua (ID:
00110102)
2008-12-25 1.0 Modified according to review comments Wang Guanghua (ID:
00110102)
2011-08-04 Huawei Technologies Proprietary Page 2 of 39

Optimization Manual
INTERNAL
GSM BSS Network PS KPI (Success Rate of Uplink TBF
Establishments) Optimization Manual
Keyword
Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments
Abstract
This document describes how to collect statistics of and optimize the Success Rate of Uplink
TBF Establishments.
Acronyms and abbreviations
Acronym and
Abbreviation
Full Spelling
PDCH Packet Data CHannel
PCU Packet Control Unit
MS Mobile Station
CQT Call Quality Test
KPI Key Performance Index
DT Drive Test
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
EDGE Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution

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Contents
1.1 Definition..................................................................................................................................................................8
1.1.1 Checking the Um Interface.................................................................................................................................8
1.1.2 Checking Resources...........................................................................................................................................8
1.1.3 Simultaneously Checking the Um Interface and Resources...............................................................................9
1.2 Theory Introduction..................................................................................................................................................9
2.1 Number of Successful Uplink TBF Establishments...............................................................................................10
2.1.1 Meaning............................................................................................................................................................10
2.1.2 Measurement Point...........................................................................................................................................10
2.2 Number of Failed Uplink TBF Establishments......................................................................................................12
2.2.1 Meaning............................................................................................................................................................12
2.3 Number of Uplink TBF Establishment Attempts...................................................................................................13
2.3.1 Meaning............................................................................................................................................................13
3.1 Checking Abis Links..............................................................................................................................................18
3.2 Checking Whether an Assignment Message Is Sent Normally..............................................................................19
3.2.1 An Immediate Assignment Message Being Discarded due to CCCH Overload..............................................19
3.2.2 Network Sending an Immediate Assignment Reject Message due to No Channel..........................................21
3.3 Checking Downlink Um Interface..........................................................................................................................24
3.4 Checking Whether the MS Responds to an Assignment Command.......................................................................25
3.4.1 Overhigh Uplink Encoding Mode....................................................................................................................25
3.4.2 Improper Uplink Power Control Parameters....................................................................................................26
3.4.3 MS Not Accessing the Assigned Channel Timely due to Improper Parameter Settings..................................27
3.4.4 Information Elements Error in an Assignment Message..................................................................................29
3.4.5 Uplink and Downlink Imbalance......................................................................................................................30
3.4.6 Checking Antenna Feeder.................................................................................................................................31
3.4.7 CS KPIs............................................................................................................................................................31
4.1 Case 1 Extended Attach Delay Caused by Improper Settings of Power Control Parameters of an Indoor Cell in
Chengdu Network.........................................................................................................................................................32
4.2 Case 2 Low Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments Caused by Improper Settings of Frequency Hopping
Parameters in the Network in Czech Republic.............................................................................................................35
4.3 Case 3 Low Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments Caused by Improper Configuration of TMA Factor in
the Network in White Russia Network ........................................................................................................................37

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Figures
Successful uplink TBF establishment using one-phase access...........11
Successful uplink TBF establishment using single-block access........11
Successful uplink TBF establishment on the PACCH..........................12
Uplink TBF establishment using one-phase access...........................13
Uplink TBF establishment using single-block access.........................14
Uplink TBF establishment on the PACCH..........................................14
Uplink TBF establishment (one-phase access)..................................16
Overall flow...................................................................................17
.....................................................................................................17
Extended attach delay....................................................................32
Resending uplink data....................................................................33
Low transmit power of the MS........................................................34
Frame error rate on the G-Abis interface.........................................35
Packet Uplink Assignment message................................................36
MA bitmap in an SI 13 message......................................................37

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Tables
Attach and ping test after adjustments...........................................34

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GSM BSS Network PS KPI (Success Rate of Uplink TBF
Establishments) Optimization Manual
1 Basic Principle
1.1 Definition
The Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments is defined differently for the different
concerns of each telecom operator.
1.1.1 Checking the Um Interface
Every time the network does not receive the first uplink data block from the mobile station
(MS) after sending an assignment command, the counter Number of Failed Uplink TBF
Establishments due to MS No Response is incremented by one.
The Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments is defined as follows:
Success Rate of Uplink GPRS TBF Establishments = 1 - Number of Failed Uplink GPRS
TBF Establishments due to MS No Response/Number of Uplink GPRS TBF Establishment
Attempts
Success Rate of Uplink EGPRS TBF Establishments = 1 - Number of Failed Uplink EGPRS
TBF Establishments due to MS No Response/Number of Uplink EGPRS TBF Establishment
Attempts
1.1.2 Checking Resources
Every time the network returns an assignment reject message due to no resources (such as no
channel, no TFI, or no USF) after receiving a channel request from an MS, the counter
Number of Failed Uplink TBF Establishments due to No Channel is incremented by one.
The Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments is defined as follows:
Success Rate of Uplink GPRS TBF Establishments = 1 - Number of Failed Uplink GPRS
TBF Establishments due to No Channel/Number of Uplink GPRS TBF Establishment
Attempts
Success Rate of Uplink EGPRS TBF Establishments = 1 - Number of Failed Uplink EGPRS
TBF Establishments due to No Channel/Number of Uplink EGPRS TBF Establishment

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Attempts
1.1.3 Simultaneously Checking the Um Interface and
Resources
When the number of failed uplink TBF establishments contains both Number of Failed
Uplink TBF Establishments due to MS No Response and Number of Failed Uplink TBF
Establishments due to No Channel, the Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments is
defined as follows:
Success Rate of Uplink GPRS TBF Establishments = Number of Successful Uplink GPRS
TBF Establishments/Number of Uplink GPRS TBF Establishment Attempts
Success Rate of Uplink EGPRS TBF Establishments = Number of Successful Uplink EGPRS
TBF Establishments/Number of Uplink EGPRS TBF Establishment Attempts
1.2 Theory Introduction
The KPI Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments reflects the access performance in the
uplink. When an uplink TBF fails to be established, the data blocks that are not sent still exist
at the MS side. In this case, the MS continues to trigger the establishment of uplink TBFs in a
very short time. Thus, a slightly low Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments does not
affect the user experience.

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2 Signaling Procedure
2.1 Number of Successful Uplink TBF
Establishments
2.1.1 Meaning
This measurement counter provides the number of successful uplink TBF establishments in a
granularity period.
2.1.2 Measurement Point
The uplink TBF can be successfully established in the following cases:
1. Successful uplink TBF establishment using one-phase access
If the BSC receives the uplink data block on the assigned channel from the MS after
sending the IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT message, it indicates that the uplink TBF is
successfully established using one-phase access. 1 shows the procedure of successful
uplink TBF establishment using one-phase access. Every time the BSC receives the first
uplink data block from the MS after sending the IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT message,
the counter Number of Successful Uplink TBF Establishments is incremented by one.

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Figure 1.1 Successful uplink TBF establishment using one-phase access
MS BSC
CHANNEL REQUEST
L REQUEST
IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT
UPLINK DATA BLOCK
2. Successful uplink TBF establishment using single-block access
If the BSC receives the uplink data block on the assigned channel from the MS after
sending the PACKET UPLINK ASSIGNMENT message, it indicates that the uplink TBF
is successfully established using single-block access. 2 shows the procedure of
successful uplink TBF establishment using single-block access. Every time the BSC
receives the first uplink data block from the MS after sending the PACKET UPLINK
ASSIGNMENT message, the counter Number of Successful Uplink TBF Establishments
is incremented by one.
Figure 1.2 Successful uplink TBF establishment using single-block access
MS BSC
PACKET RESOURCE REQUEST
PACKET UPLINKASSIGNMENT
UPLINK DATA BLOCK
3. Successful establishment of uplink TBF on the PACCH (establishment of the uplink
TBF with the downlink TBF)
In the case that the MS initiates an uplink TBF establishment request on the PACCH, if
the BSC sends the PACKET UPLINK ASSIGNMENT message and then receives the
uplink data block on the assigned channel from the MS, it indicates that the uplink TBF
is successfully established on the PACCH. 3 shows the procedure of successful uplink
TBF establishment on the PACCH. Every time the BSC receives the uplink data block
from the MS after sending the PACKET UPLINK ASSIGNMENT message, the counter
Number of Successful Uplink TBF Establishments is incremented by one.

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Figure 1.3 Successful uplink TBF establishment on the PACCH
MS BSC
PACKET UPLINKASSIGNMENT
UPLINK DATA BLOCK
2.2 Number of Failed Uplink TBF
Establishments
2.2.1 Meaning
This measurement counter provides the number of failed uplink TBF establishments in a
granularity period.
The uplink TBF establishment may fail in the following cases:
1. Number of failed uplink TBF establishments due to no channel
During the establishment of an uplink TBF, the BSC receives a CHANNEL REQUEST
message (one-phase access), a PACKET RESOURCE REQUEST message (two-phase
access), or a PACKET DOWNLINK ACK/NACK message carrying Channel Request
Description reported by the MS (establishment of the uplink TBF with the downlink
TBF). If the BSC finds that no available PDCH can be assigned to the uplink TBF or that
the uplink TBF cannot be established due to exceptional or failed resource assignment,
the BSC sends an IMMEDIATE REJECT message or a PACKET ACCESS REJECT
message to the MS. Every time the BSC sends an IMMEDIATE REJECT message or a
PACKET ACCESS REJECT message, the counter Number of Failed Uplink TBF
Establishments due to No Channel is incremented by one.
2. Number of failed uplink TBF establishments due to MS no response
During the establishment of an uplink TBF, after sending an IMMEDIATE
ASSIGNMENT message (one-phase access) or a PACKET UPLINK ASSIGNMENT
message (two-phase access), the BSC starts to assign the valid USF for uplink block
scheduling. If the BSC detects that a valid uplink data block is received in the blocks
reserved for the MS, the timer N3101 is reset. Otherwise, the N3101 is incremented by
one and the BSC sends a POLLING REQUEST message for the re-scheduling of the
uplink blocks sent by the MS. If the timer N3101 overflows, the BSC releases the uplink
TBF. Every time the N3101 overflows, the counter Number of Failed Uplink TBF
Establishments due to MS No Response is incremented by one.

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2.3 Number of Uplink TBF Establishment
Attempts
2.3.1 Meaning
This measurement counter provides the number of uplink TBF establishment attempts in a
granularity period.
The uplink TBF establishment attempt can be made in the following cases:
1. Uplink TBF establishment using one-phase access
The MS sends a CHANNEL REQUEST message on the RACH to initiate a one-phase
access procedure, as shown in 1. Every time the BSC receives the CHANNEL
REQUEST message indicating one-phase access, the counter Number of Uplink TBF
Establishment Attempts is incremented by one.
Figure 1.4 Uplink TBF establishment using one-phase access
MS BSC
CHANNEL REQUEST
2. Uplink TBF establishment using single-block access
The MS generally establishes the uplink TBF using the one-phase access until the BSC sends
an IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT message instructing the MS to use the single-block access
procedure. The message contains the single block packet assignment construction or
multiblock packet assignment construction.
2 shows the procedure of uplink TBF establishment using single-block access. When sending
the IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT message, the BSC reserves the corresponding radio
resources on the data service channel for the MS to respond with a PACKET RESOURCE
REQUEST message.
As shown in 2, every time the BSC receives a PACKET RESOURCE REQUEST message
from the MS, the counter Number of Uplink TBF Establishment Attempts is incremented
by one.

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Figure 1.5 Uplink TBF establishment using single-block access
MS BSC
CHANNEL REQUEST
IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT
PACKET RESOURCE REQUEST
3. Uplink TBF establishment on the PACCH (establishment of uplink TBF with the
downlink TBF)
The MS can request the establishment of an uplink TBF in a downlink TBF. The MS
sends a PACKET DOWNLINK ACK/NACK message carrying Channel Request
Description in a downlink TBF to initiate an uplink TBF establishment procedure. This
message is triggered by the transmission request of the LLC PDU at the upper layer of
the MS.
3 shows the procedure that the MS sends a PACKET DOWNLINK ACK/NACK
message carrying the Channel Request Description. Every time the BSC receives an
uplink TBF establishment request from the MS, the counter Number of Uplink TBF
Establishment Attempts is incremented by one.
Figure 1.6 Uplink TBF establishment on the PACCH
MS
PACKET DOWNLINK ACK/NACK
(Channel Request Description )
BSC

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3 Analysis and Optimization
Methods
The procedure for uplink TBF establishment using one-phase access is described as follows:
1. An MS sends a CHANNEL REQUEST message on the RACH of the CCCH to initiate
an uplink TBF establishment request. The CHANNEL REQUEST message indicates a
one-phase access procedure. Meanwhile, the MS starts the timer T3186 to monitor the
response of the network to the message.
2. After receiving the Channel Request message on the RACH, the network starts the
internal signaling procedure. Based on the cause of the access request and cell attributes,
the network determines the immediate assignment type. For the establishment of an
uplink TBF using one-phase access, the network selects an appropriate encoding mode
for the uplink TBF and requests radio resources for the TBF based on the usage of
resources in the accessed cell. After the request is approved, the network assigns the
corresponding radio resources to the TBF and calculates the starting time of the TBF. At
the specified time, the network starts the uplink TBF and monitors the uplink RLC data
blocks sent by the MS on the assigned channel.
3. When the request for radio resources is approved, the network sends an Immediate
Assignment message on the AGCH. The message carries the uplink packet assignment
construction assigned by the network to the MS, including TFI, USF (dynamic
assignment) or assignment bitmap (fixed assignment), channel encoding mode of RLC
data blocks, encoding mode of uplink RLC data blocks with TLLI, power control
parameters, polling bit, TAI (optional), and TBF Starting Time (optional).
4. During the packet access and before the timer T3186 expires, if the MS receives an
IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT message for the downlink packet assignment procedure
on the AGCH, the MS must terminate the packet access procedure and respond to the
downlink assignment message based on the downlink TBF establishment procedure. The
MS stops sending the CHANNEL REQUEST message and assigns radio resources based
on the contents carried in the IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT message. At the TBF
Starting Time (optional), the MS accesses the assigned channel.
5. On the assigned PDCH channel, the MS uses the encoding code carried in the
assignment message to send RLC data blocks for preemption decision. The RLC data
blocks contain TLLI.
6. If the network receives an RLC data block on the uplink TBF, it indicates that the uplink
TBF is successfully established.

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Figure 1.7 Uplink TBF establishment (one-phase access)
MS Air Interface BTS Abis
BSC
channel request channel request
Immediate Immediate assignment assignment
uplink data block(tlli) uplink data block(tlli)
CCCH
CCCH
PDCH
The following takes the one-phase access procedure as an example to describe the
optimization method. The purpose is to locate the faulty signaling and NEs based on the
signaling flows. You can check the following flows step by step: check the transmission on
the Abis interface, check whether the assignment message is sent to the BTS, check the Um
interface in the downlink (whether the assignment message is sent to the MS), and check
whether the MS responds to the assignment message (whether an uplink data block is sent).

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Figure 1.8 Overall flow
Start
Analyze the causes of a low
success rate of uplink TBF
establishments
Abis interface is
abnormal?
An assignment
message is
sent normally?
Downlink Um interface
is normal?
The MS
responds to
an assignment
command?
The problem is
solved?
End
Check
transmission
CCCH overload
Reject by the
network due to
no channel
Observe traffic
statistics
CQT
Overhigh uplink
encoding
Improper power
control parameters
Other parameter
settings
Cell error
Uplink and downlink
imbalance
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
Check antenna
feeder
Check CS counters

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3.1 Checking Abis Links
When the transmission on the Abis interface is out of synchronization or the transmission is
intermittent, the establishment of an uplink TBF may fail. You can calculate the frame error
rate on the G-Abis interface to check the transmission. Frame error rate at the G-Abis
interface = (Number of Received Check Error TRAU Frames + Number of Received Out-of-
Synchronization TRAU Frames)/(Number of Sent Valid TRAU Frames + Number of Sent
Empty TRAU Frames).
1. In normal cases, the frame error rate is less than 10e-5 (1/10000). That is, each channel
receives one error frame every four minutes on average. In this case, the quality of links
is good, and the MS can stably transmit data.
2. When the quality of links is poor, the frame error rate is less than 10e-4 (1/1000). That
is, each channel receives one to three error frames every minute on average. In this case,
the burst of error frames causes a low rate of the MS, large transmission delay, and even
call drops and network disconnection.
3. When the frame error rate is greater than 10e-4, links are rather unstable. In this case,
out-of-synchronization occurs, and the number of out-of-synchronization TRAU frames
greatly rises. The MS can only perform services with low throughput requirements (for
example, upper-layer signaling or small WAP applications) and cannot perform services
with high throughput requirements (for example, FTP).
In practice, leased lines (for example, microwave satellite) are used for the transmission, and a
telecom operator cannot directly control the lines. Therefore, it is acceptable that the frame
error rate is less than 5/1000. If the frame error rate on the channels on a cell is high for a long
time, an error occurs on the transmission. In this case, you need to check transmission lines to
improve the network.
The related KPIs are listed in the following table.
KPI Cell Level
Frame error
rate at the G-Abis
interface
Abis interface measurement -> Packet Assignment Capability
Measurement ->
Number of Received Normal TRAU Frames
Number of Received Out-of-Synchronization TRAU Frames
Number of Received Check Error TRAU Frames
Number of Sent Valid TRAU Frames
Number of Sent Empty TRAU Frames

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Total Number of Received TRAU Frames = Number of Received Normal TRAU Frames + Number of
Received Out-of-Synchronization TRAU Frames + Number of Received Check Error TRAU Frames +
Number of Received Empty TRAU Frames. In versions earlier than V9R8C11, the Number of Received
Empty TRAU Frames is not counted, so the Total Number of Received TRAU Frames cannot be directly
calculated. The Total Number of Received TRAU Frames should be equal to the Total Number of Sent
TRAU Frames. Therefore, when calculating the frame error rate on the G-Abis interface, you can
replace the Total Number of Received TRAU Frames with the Number of Sent Valid TRAU Frames plus
the Number of Sent Empty TRAU Frames. In C12, the Number of Received Empty TRAU Frames is
counted, so the Total Number of Received TRAU Frames can be directly calculated through the
preceding formula.
3.2 Checking Whether an Assignment Message
Is Sent Normally
3.2.1 An Immediate Assignment Message Being
Discarded due to CCCH Overload
Check whether an uplink assignment request is normally sent according to the Uplink
Assignment Success Ratio. Uplink Assignment Success Ratio = Number of Successful Uplink
Assignments/Number of Uplink Assignments. If the Uplink Assignment Success Ratio is low,
you need to check whether CCCH overload occurs. When CCCH overload occurs, the
IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT message sent on the CCCH may be discarded. In this case, the
establishment of uplink TBFs fails. Check flow control traffic statistics to see whether CCCH
overload occurs. If CCCH overload occurs, you need to set the CCCH Load Threshold to a
larger value to avoid uplink TBF establishment failures due to flow control.
In addition, when the MS frequently sends a channel request, CCCH overload also occurs.
Therefore, in the two-phase access procedure, you need to properly set T3168 to a larger
value. The following table describes the meaning of T3168 and its setting principles:

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Nam
e
Meaning Setting Principle Value Range
T3168 This parameter specifies
the maximum interval
set for the MS to wait
for the Packet Uplink
Assignment message.
After the MS sends the
Packet Resource
Request or Packet
Downlink Ack/Nack
message carrying
Channel Request
Description, T3168 is
started to wait for the
Packet Uplink
Assignment message
from the network.
If the MS receives the
Packet Uplink
Assignment message
before T3168 expires,
T3168 is reset.
Otherwise, the MS
initiates the PS access
procedure again for four
times. If the Packet
Uplink Assignment
message is still not
received, the MS
assumes that the uplink
TBF establishment fails.
Timer set for the MS to wait for
the Packet Uplink Assignment
message
If the timer is set to a smaller
value, the MS can detect the
TBF establishment failure
within a shorter period. If a
TBF establishment fails, the
average delay of packet access
is short, but the success rate of
TBF establishment in bad radio
environment decreases. In
addition, the small timer value
increases the probability of the
retransmission of the packet
access request, thus increasing
the probability of reassignment
by the PCU. Therefore, system
resources are wasted.
If the timer is set to a larger
value, the MS takes a longer
period to detect the TBF
establishment failure. The
average delay of packet access
extends in the case that the TBF
establishment fails. However,
the success rate of TBF
establishment in bad radio
environment increases by a
certain amount.
Value range: 500
ms-4,000 ms
Default value: 500
ms
Cause Cell Level
Uplink Assignment
Success Ratio
PS Call Measurement -> Measurement of packet assignment
capability per BSC ->
Number of Uplink Assignments
Number of Successful Uplink Assignments
Number of Uplink PS Immediate Assignments
Number of Successful Uplink PS Immediate Assignments
Number of Uplink Assignments on PACCH
Number of Successful Uplink Assignments on PACCH

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CCCH overload Call Measurement -> Flow Control Measurement per Cell ->
PACKET CCCH LOAD IND Messages Sent on Abis Interface
MSG ABIS OVERLOAD (CCCH OVERLOAD) Messages Sent on
Abis Interface
MSG DEL IND Messages Sent on Abis Interface
3.2.2 Network Sending an Immediate Assignment
Reject Message due to No Channel
Hardware Fault
Hardware (including TRX) fault affects the Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments, so
you need to check hardware first.
You can view the traffic statistics related to hardware fault to identify problems. The
following table lists the traffic statistics related to hardware fault.
Cause BSC Level Cell Level
Equipment
fault
BSC Measurement -> Access
measurement per BSC ->
TCH Availability per BSC
Configured TCHs per BSC
Available TCHs per BSC
KPI Measurement per Cell ->
TCH Availability
Available TCHs
Configured TCHs
TRX Measurement per Cell ->
Number of configured TRXs in a cell
Number of available TRXs in a cell
Insufficient Channels
Insufficient channels cause congestion, covering the following cases:
1. The channels configured for a cell are insufficient, and PS traffic is heavy. In this case, a
channel is multiplexed by the maximum number of MSs. You need to add static channels
and dynamic channels. In addition, you need to check the settings of PS channel
management parameters and set PDCH Uplink Multiplex Threshold to 70 (the
maximum value, indicating that a maximum of seven uplink TBFs can be multiplexed on
a PDCH).
2. Check whether insufficient channels are caused by the preemption of dynamic PDCHs
by voice services. If the Number of Reclaimed Dynamic PDCHs and the Number of
Reclaimed Busy Dynamic PDCHs are large, it indicates that CS services are busy and
preempt channels of data services. In this case, you need to add static PDCHs. In
addition, you can set Level of Preempting Dynamic Channel to Control channels
cannot be preempted.
3. If the Success Rate of Uplink GPRS TBF Establishments is low due no channel, but the
Success Rate of Uplink EGPRS TBF Establishments is high, you need to check whether
EGPRS dedicated channels or EGPRS preferable channels are configured. If EGPRS
dedicated channels or EGPRS preferable channels are configured, GPRS channels are

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insufficient. In this case, you need to convert some EGPRS dedicated channels or
EGPRS preferable channels to EGPRS ordinary channels, and set Allow E Down G Up
Switch to Open.
The related parameters are described as follows:
Name Meaning Setting Principle Value Range
Maximum
Ratio
Threshold of
PDCHs in a
Cell
The total number of
TCHs and PDCHs
available in a cell is
fixed. This parameter
determines the proportion
of PDCHs to the total
number of TCHs and
PDCHs.
If this parameter is set to a
large value, there are
excessive PDCHs and
insufficient TCHs. This
affects CS services.
If this parameter is set to a
small value, there are
insufficient PDCHs and
excessive TCHs. This
affects PS services.
Value range: 0–
100
Default value: 50
PDCH
Uplink
Multiplex
Threshold
This parameter specifies
the PDCH uplink
multiplex threshold.
The lower the threshold is
set, the fewer TBFs are
established on a PDCH,
and thus the higher uplink
bandwidth is available for
each MS.
The higher the threshold
is set, the more TBFs are
established on a PDCH,
and thus the lower uplink
bandwidth is available for
each MS.
The value of this
parameter ranges
from 10 to 70. If
this parameter is
set to 10, only one
TBF can be
established on a
PDCH; if this
parameter is set to
70, up to seven
TBFs can be
established on a
PDCH. The
default value of
this parameter is
70.

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Name Meaning Setting Principle Value Range
Level of
Preempting
Dynamic
Channel
Level of dynamic channel
preempted by CS services
and PS services. The
TCH/Fs are dynamic
channels that can be
preempted. If this
parameter is set to All
dynamic channels can be
preempted, it means that
the CS services can
preempt all dynamic
channels; if this
parameter is set to
Control channels cannot
be preempted, it means
that the CS services can
preempt any dynamic
channels except the
control channels; if this
parameter is set to
Dynamic channels
carrying services cannot
be preempted, it means
that the CS services
cannot preempt the
dynamic channels that
carry services.
Generally, voice services
are first guaranteed. In
this case, you can set this
parameter to All dynamic
channels can be
preempted.
For data services, you can
set this parameter to
Control channels cannot
be preempted or Dynamic
channels carrying services
cannot be preempted.
Value range:
All dynamic
channels can be
preempted,
Control channels
cannot be
preempted,
Dynamic channels
carrying services
cannot be
preempted.
Default value:
All dynamic
channels can be
preempted.
Allow E
Down G Up
Switch
If the PDCH is
configured as an EGPRS
ordinary channel, and this
parameter is set to open,
uplink GPRS services
and downlink EGPRS
services can be
multiplexed on the same
channel. Otherwise,
uplink GPRS services
and downlink EGPRS
services cannot be
multiplexed on the same
channel.
When channels are
insufficient, you can set
this parameter to Open to
improve the Success Rate
of GPRS Uplink TBF
Establishments. This,
however, may affect the
EGPRS download rate.
Default value:
Open

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Cause Cell Level
Insufficient
Channels
PS Channel Measurement -> PDCH resource capability measurement ->
Number of TCH to PDTCH Conversion Attempts
Number of Successful TCH to PDTCH Conversions
Number of Reclaimed Dynamic PDCHs
Number of Reclaimed Busy Dynamic PDCHs
PS Call Measurement -> Uplink GPRS TBF Establish and Release
Capability Measurement per Cell ->
Number of Uplink GPRS TBF Establishment Attempts
Number of Successful Uplink GPRS TBF Establishments
Number of Failed Uplink GPRS TBF Establishments due to No Channel
Average Number of Concurrent Uplink GPRS TBFs
PS Call Measurement -> Uplink EGPRS TBF Establish and Release
Number of Uplink EGPRS TBF Establishment Attempts
Number of Successful Uplink EGPRS TBF Establishments
Number of Failed Uplink EGPRS TBF Establishments due to No
Channel
Average Number of Concurrent Uplink EGPRS TBFs
3.3 Checking Downlink Um Interface
If the quality on the Um interface is poor, the MS cannot receive an uplink assignment
message. In this case, you can use Measurement of numbers of 8PSK_MEAN_BEP
variants and Measurement of numbers of GMSK_MEAN_BEP variants to view BEP
distribution, or use special test software (for example, TEMS) to perform CQT and check the
quality on the Um interface.
If strong interference exists on the Um interface, you can change the carrier frequencies to
improve the quality on the air interface.
KPI Cell Level
Quality of downlink
air interface
PS Call Measurement ->
Measurement of numbers of 8PSK_MEAN_BEP variants
Measurement of numbers of GMSK_MEAN_BEP variants

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3.4 Checking Whether the MS Responds to an
Assignment Command
You can check the counter Number of Failed Uplink TBF Establishments due to MS No
Response to determine whether the failure to establish an uplink TBF is caused by no
response from the MS. When the MS does not respond to an uplink assignment message,
possible causes are as follows:
1. Overhigh uplink encoding mode
2. Improper uplink power control parameters
3. Improper settings of other parameters
4. Cell error
5. Uplink and downlink imbalance
6. Antenna feeder error
Cause Cell Level
No response
from MS
PS Call Measurement -> Uplink GPRS TBF Establish and Release
Number of Uplink GPRS TBF Establishment Attempts
Number of Successful Uplink GPRS TBF Establishments
Number of Failed Uplink GPRS TBF Establishments due to MS No
Response
Number of Failed Uplink GPRS TBF Establishments due to No Channel
PS Call Measurement -> Uplink EGPRS TBF Establish and Release
Number of Uplink EGPRS TBF Establishment Attempts
Number of Successful Uplink EGPRS TBF Establishments
Number of Failed Uplink EGPRS TBF Establishments due to MS No
Response
Number of Failed Uplink EGPRS TBF Establishments due to No
Channel
3.4.1 Overhigh Uplink Encoding Mode
Uplink encoding is improperly adjusted, and uplink encoding is still adjusted based on
downlink encoding. If interference exists on the uplink or the level of uplink is poor and
uplink encoding is improperly adjusted, uplink data cannot be normally sent. You can check
the level on the uplink with reference to the counter uplink and downlink balance, and check
the interference on the uplink with reference to the counter Analyzed Measurement of
Interference Band. In the case that the uplink encoding is adjusted based on the encoding
employed on the downlink (in the superuser mode, choose Configure BSC Attributes >
Software Parameter > Support EGPRS uplink MCS Dynamic Adjust and check the
quality of downlink signals in dl ack), you can choose to decrease three levels (in the
superuser mode, choose Configure BSC Attributes > Software Parameter > DSP Control
Table 2 and set bit 5 to 1). In addition, you need to check Uplink Default MCS Type and

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Maximum Value of N3101, as shown in the following table.
Name Meaning Setting
Principle
Value Range
Uplink
Default
MCS Type
This parameter specifies the
default MCS type used on the
uplink.
If the default
MCS type is set to
a large value, the
MS access fails. If
the default MCS
type is set to a
small value, the
uplink rate of
small services is
affected.
Value range:
MCS1–MCS9
Default value:
MCS2
Maximum
Value of
N3101
This parameter specifies the
maximum value of N3101.
In uplink dynamic assignment
mode, multiple MSs can share
one uplink channel if the
downlink data blocks carry the
USF value.
After the network starts to assign
a USF value to the uplink TBF
(uplink TBF is established), the
N3101 is initiated. The network
reserves the RLC uplink blocks
mapping to each USF value for
the uplink data sent from the MS.
If the network receives valid
uplink data blocks from the MS,
the network resets N3101;
otherwise, N3101 increases by 1.
When this counter overflows, the
current uplink TBF is released
abnormally.
If this parameter
is set to a lower
value, the
tolerance of the
network to uplink
errors decreases
and the
probability of
abnormal TBF
releases increases.
If this parameter
is set to a higher
value, the network
still assigns uplink
resources to an
MS even though it
does not receive
correct MS data
blocks because of
MS activities.
Therefore,
network resources
are wasted.
Value range: 8–30
Default value: 20
In versions earlier than V9R8C11, the uplink encoding mode is adjusted based on the encoding mode on
the downlink and the adjusting is improper. Currently, the optimized uplink LA/IR algorithm is
incorporated into the C12 version.
3.4.2 Improper Uplink Power Control Parameters
If uplink power control parameters are set improperly, the output power of the MS is too
small. In this case, the network cannot decode uplink data blocks. The related parameters are
described as follows:

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Principle
Value Range
Alpha
Parameter
This parameter is used for the
open loop power control.
The MS uses the Alpha
parameter to calculate the
output power of the uplink
PDCH, namely, PCH.
When the MS uses GPRS
dynamic power control, this
parameter determines the
reduced level of the MS
transmit power mapping to the
path loss.
If this parameter is
set to a lower
value, the output
power of the MS
increases; if this
parameter is set to
a higher value, the
output power of
the MS decreases.
Value range: 0–
1.0
Default value: 1.0
Initial Power
Level
Initial power level.
This parameter determines the
expected receive signal strength
on the BTS when the MS uses
the GPRS dynamic power
control.
This parameter mainly affects
the output power of the MS.
If this parameter is
set to a lower
value, the output
power of the MS
increases; if this
parameter is set to
a higher value, the
output power of
the MS decreases.
Value range: 0–
31
Default value: 14
The output power of the MS is defined as follows:
PCH = min(G 0 – G CH – a * (C + 48), PMAX)
When ais 1, the formula is simplified as follows:
PCH = min(G 0 – G CH – C – 48, PMAX)
In a GSM900 network, G 0 is 39 dBm; G CH is the value of GAMMA; C is a measurement value of the
level of a downlink channel (in a fixed-point test, C is basically equal to the receive level).
If power control is required, that is, a power less than PMAX is used for transmission,
G 0 – G CH – C – 48 < PMAX
If C > G 0 – G CH – 48 – PMAX, and power control is started, –66 dB is obtained by default values.
According to the drive test, the optimal receive level of Huawei cells is about –60 dBm. Therefore, it is
proper that the preceding default values are set for power control parameters.
3.4.3 MS Not Accessing the Assigned Channel Timely
due to Improper Parameter Settings
When the starting time of TBF at the network side is inconsistent with that at the MS side, the
establishment of an uplink TBF may fail.
Therefore, you need to ensure that the starting time of TBF at the network side cannot be
earlier than that at the MS side. Otherwise, the MS misses the uplink radio block assigned by
the network, and the Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments is affected. The related
parameters are described as follows:

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Principle
Value
Range
Delay Blocks of
Uplink Immediate
Assignment (internal
software parameter)
In the one-phase
access procedure, after
sending an Immediate
Assignment message,
the network uses the
parameter to calculate
the starting time of an
uplink TBF. At= the
starting time, the
network starts the
uplink TBF and
assigns radio block
resources to the TBF.
The parameter
specifies the starting
time of an uplink TBF
at the network side.
If the parameter is set
to a large value, the
TBF is started too
slowly at the network
side. If the parameter
is set to a small value,
the TBF starting time
at the network side is
earlier than that at the
MS side. In this case,
the MS does not
access the assigned
channel timely for
monitoring and
misses the uplink
radio block assigned
by the network.
Therefore, the access
performance becomes
poorer.
The duration is
calculated based
on the period of
a single radio
block. The value
1 indicates the
duration of one
radio block, that
is, 20 ms. The
default value is
3.
Delay Blocks of
Uplink Single Block
Assignment (internal
software parameter)
In the two-phase
access procedure, the
network uses the
the scheduling time of
a single block
assigned to the MS. At
the specified starting
time, the network
assigns a radio block
to the MS at the
location of the frame
number for the MS to
send an uplink access
resource request.
The network also uses
the parameter to
calculate the TBF
Starting Time assigned
to the MS to notify the
MS of the time to
access the assigned
channel. Meanwhile,
the network sends a
Packet Resource
Request message
(two-phase access) at
The parameter
specifies the time
when the MS sends a
Packet Resource
Request message
(two-phase access).
MS sends a two-phase
access request
later. If the parameter
the network sends the
TBF Starting Time
earlier. In this case,
the MS does not
access the assigned
channel timely and
misses a single uplink
by the network.
Therefore, two-phase
access fails.
The duration is
calculated based
on the period of
a single radio
block. The value
1 indicates the
duration of one
radio block, that
is, 20 ms. The
default value is
9.

Optimization Manual
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Principle
Value
Range
the location of the
frame number TBF
Starting Time.
MS Reaction Time
for Uplink
Assignment(Blocks)
(internal software
parameter)
In the two-phase
access procedure, after
receiving a Packet
Resource Request
message from the MS,
the network uses the
the starting time of an
uplink TBF. At the
specified starting time,
the network starts the
uplink TBF and
assigns radio block
resources to the TBF.
The network also uses
the parameter to
calculate the TBF
Starting Time assigned
to the MS to notify the
MS of the time to
access the assigned
channel.
The parameter
specifies the starting
time of an uplink TBF
at the network side.
TBF is started too
slowly at the network
side. If the parameter
the TBF starting time
at the network side is
earlier than that at the
MS side. In this case,
the MS does not
access the assigned
channel timely for
monitoring, and
misses the uplink
by the network.
Therefore, the access
performance becomes
poorer.
The duration is
calculated based
on the period of
a single radio
block. The value
1 indicates the
duration of one
radio block, that
is, 20 ms. The
default value is
3.
3.4.4 Information Elements Error in an Assignment
Message
Check whether the key cells in an assignment message are incorrect. The key cells involve
frequency hopping parameters and uplink power control parameters.
As for the frequency hopping parameters:
Check whether GPRS Mobile Allocation in a SI 13 message and Frequency Parameters in an
uplink assignment message are consistent with those in data configuration.
As for the uplink power control parameters:
Check whether Alpha parameter and GAMMA in messages Immediate Assignment, Packet
Uplink Ack/Nack, Packet Uplink Assignment, and Packet Timeslot Reconfigure are consistent
with those in data configuration.
About frequency hopping parameters:

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The Frequency Parameters in the uplink assignment message indicates whether the MS joins in
frequency hopping and the coding scheme of the FH frequencies. ARFCN indicates no frequency
hopping; Indirect encoding indicates the indirect coding of FH frequencies; Direct encoding 1
indicates direct coding 1 of FH frequencies; Direct encoding 2 indicates direct coding 2 of FH
frequencies.
< Frequency Parameters IE > ::=
< TSC : bit (3) >
{ 00 < ARFCN : bit (10) >
| 01 < Indirect encoding : < Indirect encoding struct > >
| 10 < Direct encoding 1 : < Direct encoding 1 struct > >
| 11 < Direct encoding 2 : < Direct encoding 2 struct > > } ;
< Indirect encoding struct > ::=
< MAIO : bit (6) >
< MA_NUMBER : bit (4) >
{ 0 | 1 < CHANGE_MARK_1 : bit (2) >
{ 0 | 1 < CHANGE_MARK_2 : bit (2) > } } ;
< Direct encoding 1 struct > ::=
< MAIO : bit (6) >
< GPRS Mobile Allocation : < GPRS Mobile Allocation IE > > ;
< Direct encoding 2 struct > ::=
< MAIO : bit (6) >
< HSN : bit (6) >
< Length of MA Frequency List contents : bit (4) >
< MA Frequency List contents : octet (val(Length of MA Frequency List contents) + 3) > ;
Indirect encoding: The information used by the MS is obtained from messages PSI 2, PSI 13, SI 13, or
an earlier assignment message. Therefore, you should, based on MA_NUMBER check whether
frequency hopping parameters in the system messages or assignment message are consistent with those
in data configuration.
MA_NUMBER = 0–13 shall be used to reference a GPRS mobile allocation received in a PSI2
message;
MA_NUMBER = 14 shall be used to reference a GPRS mobile allocation received in a SI13 or PSI13
message;
MA_NUMBER = 15 shall be used to reference a GPRS mobile allocation received in a previous
assignment message using the direct encoding.
Direct encoding 1: The MS uses the frequency hopping index information indicated by the parameter
GPRS Mobile Allocation in system messages.
Direct encoding 2: The MS directly uses the frequency hopping information in an assignment message.
The information includes MAIO, HSN, Length of MA Frequency List contents, and MA Frequency List
contents.
3.4.5 Uplink and Downlink Imbalance
When uplink and downlink imbalance occurs, uplink or downlink signals cannot be received
at the cell edge. In this case, the establishment of an uplink TBF fails.
To check whether uplink and downlink imbalance occurs, you should check the consistency
between the transmit power of the BTS and that on the earlier network, the transmit power,
the components that affect uplink/downlink receive level, including the TMA, BTS amplifier,
and antenna port. For details, see the GSM BSS Network KPI (Uplink and Downlink Balance)
Optimization Manual.
If uplink and downlink are imbalanced, the following cases may occur: The difference

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between the mean uplink receive level and the mean downlink receive level is great; the
uplink and downlink balance level is high; both the immediate assignment success rate and
the assignment success rate are low. The related counters are listed in the following table.
Cause Cell Level TRX Level
Balance
between
uplink and
downlink
Call Measurement -> Assignment
Measurement ->
TCH Assignment Success Ratio
Success Rate of Call Establishment
Call Measurement -> Immediate
Assignment Measurement ->
Immediate Assignment Success
Rate
MR Measurement ->
Uplink-and-Downlink Balance
Measurement
MR Measurement ->
TCHF Receive Level Measurement
MR Measurement ->
TCHH Receive Level Measurement
3.4.6 Checking Antenna Feeder
When the antenna feeder is faulty or parameters (for example, TMA factor) are improperly
configured, the Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments is low. In addition, an antenna
feeder fault may cause uplink and downlink imbalance. Therefore, you can use the traffic
statistics related to uplink and downlink balance to check whether the antenna feeder is faulty.
3.4.7 CS KPIs
When CS parameters are improperly configured, PS KPIs are affected. In this case, the
Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments is low. Therefore, you should check the CS KPIs,
mainly the call drop rate, congestion rate, assignment success rate, uplink and downlink
balance, and success rate of call establishment.

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4 Cases
4.1 Case 1 Extended Attach Delay Caused by
Improper Settings of Power Control
Parameters of an Indoor Cell in Chengdu
Network
Symptom
In the CQT of an indoor cell in Chengdu network, the delay of an attach is extended or the
attach fails, as shown in the following figure.
Figure 1.1 Extended attach delay
Analysis
According to the analysis of MS signaling, when establishing an uplink TBF, the MS always
resends uplink data blocks but does not receive any acknowledgement message from the
network. In this case, N3101 overflows, and the establishment of the uplink TBF fails. In
addition, the transmit power of the MS is very low. Therefore, it is possible that improper

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settings of the uplink power control parameter of the MS cause a low transmit power. In this
case, the network cannot receive any uplink data block from the MS, and the establishment of
the uplink TBF fails, thus causing an extended delay of the attach.
Figure 1.2 Resending uplink data

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Figure 1.3 Low transmit power of the MS
When the uplink transmit
power of the MS is very low,
the BTS cannot decode an
uplink block.
Solution
According to the preceding analysis, the cause of an extended delay is that the uplink data
block is not sent to the network normally. The possible causes of failure to send the uplink
data block are as follows: (1) low uplink power; (2) overhigh uplink encoding mode.
According to the possible causes, you can make the following adjustments: (1) lower the
value of the GAMMA parameter to raise the uplink power; (2) decrease three levels for the
uplink encoding mode based on the downlink encoding mode.
During the CQT after the preceding adjustments, perform 200 number of times of attach and
ping operations. All operations succeed and no extended delay appears. 1.1 lists related test
data.
Table 1.1 Attach and ping test after adjustments
Attach Test Ping Test
Average time (s) Success rate (%) Average delay (s) Success rate (%)
1.39 100.0% 1.13 100.0%

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4.2 Case 2 Low Success Rate of Uplink TBF
Establishments Caused by Improper Settings
of Frequency Hopping Parameters in the
Network in Czech Republic
Symptom
According to the field feedback, the Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments in the
network in Czech Republic sharply falls since Nov. 4, and the proportion of abnormal TBF
releases tends to rise.
Analysis
1. The frame error rate on the G-Abis interface is normal.
Frame error rate at the G-Abis interface = (Number of Received Check Error TRAU
Frames + Number of Received Out-of-Synchronization TRAU Frames)/(Number of Sent
Valid TRAU Frames + Number of Sent Empty TRAU Frames). According to the analysis
of the frame error rates at the G-Abis interface before and after Nov. 4, the frame error
rates are normal and do not fluctuate.
Figure 1.1 Frame error rate on the G-Abis interface
0. 01400000
0. 01200000
0. 01000000
0. 00800000
0. 00600000
0. 00400000
0. 00200000
0. 00000000
0: 00: 00
1: 30: 00
3: 00: 00
4: 30: 00
6: 00: 00
7: 30: 00
9: 00: 00
10: 30: 00
12: 00: 00
13: 30: 00
15: 00: 00
16: 30: 00
18: 00: 00
19: 30: 00
21: 00: 00
22: 30: 00
03/ 11/ 2008
04/ 11/ 2008
05/ 11/ 2008
06/ 11/ 2008
07/ 11/ 2008
08/ 11/ 2008
09/ 11/ 2008
2. The MS does not respond to an assignment command.
According to the analysis of TEMS signaling, the MS receives the Packet Uplink
Assignment message but does not send an uplink data block. Therefore, no response
from the MS causes a low Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments.
3. When the frequency hopping information is incorrect, the MS does not respond to an
uplink assignment command.

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According to the analysis of the frequency hopping information in the assignment
command, MA number is 14.
Figure 1.2 Packet Uplink Assignment message
According to the protocol, the GPRS Mobile Allocation in an SI 13 message defines the
frequency band information of frequency hopping. The frequency hopping information in the
SI 13 message, however, is null, which is inconsistent with that in data configuration.
Therefore, a defect in product implementation causes incorrect frequency hopping
information in the system message. In this case, the establishment of the uplink TBF fails.
Configure the channel on a frequency that does not join in frequency hopping. Then, the
Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments is normal.

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Figure 1.3 MA bitmap in an SI 13 message
Solution
Huawei recommends that you disable frequency hopping. The fault will be rectified in later
versions.
4.3 Case 3 Low Success Rate of Uplink TBF
Establishments Caused by Improper
Configuration of TMA Factor in the Network in
White Russia Network
Symptom
In the MTS network swapping in White Russia, the Success Rate of Uplink TBF
Establishments after the network swapping is only about 70% in the entire network, whereas
the Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments before the network swapping is 90%.
Analysis
1. The frame error rate on the G-Abis interface is normal.
According to the transmission traffic statistics on the G-Abis interface, the frame error
rate on the G-Abis interface on certain cells reaches about 3%, which, to some extent,
affects the Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments. However, this is not the main
cause, and thus the decrease in the Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments is not
caused by the transmission quality.
2. CCCH overload does not occur.

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According to the analysis of the traffic measurement counters CCCH OVERLOAD
INDICATION and DELETE INDICATION, these counters are high only in certain
cells. Though the high values of these two counters may affect the Success Rate of
Uplink TBF Establishments, this is not the main cause; therefore, the decrease in the
Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments is not caused by the abnormal sending of an
immediate assignment command by the BTS.
3. The quality of the downlink Um interface is good.
According to the analysis of the counters Measurement of numbers of
8PSK_MEAN_BEP variants and Measurement of numbers of GMSK_MEAN_BEP
variants, the interference occurs only in certain cells, and the quality of the downlink
Um interface is good. Therefore, the decrease in the Success Rate of Uplink TBF
Establishments is not caused by the poor quality of the downlink Um interface (the BTS
sends an assignment command but the MS does not receive the command due to the poor
quality on the Um interface).
4. The MS does not respond to an assignment command.
According to the preceding analysis, the MS receives an assignment command but does
not respond to the assignment command. That is, the MS does not send an uplink data
block or the uplink data block is lost. In this case, the Success Rate of Uplink TBF
Establishments is low.
According to the check of the uplink encoding mode, uplink power control parameters,
other internal parameters that affect MS access, and cell contents in the assignment
message, no error is found.
According to CS traffic statistics, the success rate of CS immediate assignment is also
low, and uplink and downlink are imbalanced. These are caused by the Um interface
access problems.
According to the check of the antenna feeder and its parameter settings, improper
configuration of TMA factor causes low uplink power, thus affecting the sending of
uplink data blocks. Now, the cause is identified.
Solution
You can modify the configuration of TMA factor to solve the problem.

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5 Feedback
The on-site engineers must provide the following information for troubleshooting:
1. Traffic measurement counters
Function Type Measurement Type
DSP Measurement DSP CPU Performance Measurement
Abis interface
measurement
TRAU link measurement
PTRAU Measurement
PS Call Measurement Measurement of packet assignment capability per BSC
Uplink GPRS TBF establish and release capability measurement
Uplink EGPRS TBF establish and release capability
measurement
PDCH resource capability measurement
Performance measurement of PDCH extremes
Downlink GPRS TBF establish and release capability
measurement
Downlink EGPRS TBF establish and release capability
measurement
PS Channel
Measurement
Cell radio channel capability measurement
PDCH resource capability measurement
2. Traced signaling over the Um and Gb interfaces at the PCU side
3. Versions of the BTS and BSC
4. Data configuration.

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