4. The issue of
slavery was
not of prime
importance to
the average
American of the
early 1800s.
5. The majority of Southerners were small
farmers who could not afford slaves
and
most Northerners were small farmers or
tradesmen who had never come into
contact with any slaves.
9. Total Population 1850
By 1850 only about a third of the national
population lived in the South. Southern
politicians had become alarmed at the loss
of political power in the House of
Representatives.
10. Free States and Territories
Slave States
Territories Open to Slavery
The South pressed for admission of
the
new states as slave states so that their
political power base would remain
11. Closed to slavery by
Missouri Compromise
Open to slavery by
Missouri Compromise
Free states and
territories
Slave States
Missouri
Compromise of 1820
It stipulated that a balance between
slave
and free states had to be maintained as
12. Free state or territory
Slavery state or territory
Open to slavery by principle
of popular sovereignty.
Compromise of 1850
Open to slavery by principle
of popular sovereignty.
Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
The Missouri Compromise of 1820
lasted until the Kansas-Nebraska Act
of 1854, which eliminated it and
made it possible for slavery to be introduced into any new
territory based on the decision of the residents.
15. ARGUING ABOUT
SLAVERY
Extremists on
both sides
became willing
to go to war to
ensure that their
views prevailed.
Against this
backdrop of
tension the
presidential
election of 1860
took place.
19. Fort Sumter, SC
Star of the West
In January 1861, the Star of the West
attempted to enter the harbor of
Charleston to resupply Union troops
at Fort Sumter. She was fired on, and
she retreated out of range.
32. North Advantages
Heavy Industry
Rail System
$331 Million in Exports
South Disadvantages
No Foundries or Metal Works
Transportation System
Only $31 Million in Exports
34. The Confederacy had no navy at all
when the war began.
It tried to build naval ships and
armored
gunboats called ironclads for harbor
defense, and fought valiantly, but it
35. Ironclad
Covered or cased with iron plates,
as a ship for naval warfare; armorplated
A wooden warship of the middle
or late 19th century having iron or
steel armor plating
37. Because of the Union blockade, the
Confederacy was near starvation by
war’s end.
38. South’s Emotions and
Wishful Thinking
• Major war not expected
• North would quickly tire of casualties
and losses
• Unstable politics in the North
• Border states’ sympathies
40. The Border States
Maryland Delaware
Kentucky Missouri
While remaining in the Union, these
four states were at least partially
sympathetic to the Confederate
cause.
They supported both sides with
42. The South believed that once the
Northern blockade cut off “King Cotton”
from British and French markets, it
would force these countries to help the
Southern cause for economic reasons.
43. Strengths of the South
• Officer corps
• Vast territory
• Loyalty to cause
44. Comparison of North and South in 1860
Category
Population
Wealth Produced
Farm Acreage
Value of Crops
Railroad Mileage
Factories
Iron Production
Bank Deposits
North
South
71%
75%
65%
70%
72%
85%
96%
81%
29%
25%
35%
30%
28%
15%
4%
19%
50. • Began with 3 ships in
home waters to patrol
3,550 miles
Gideon Welles
Secretary of the Navy
• By December 1861,
had 264 vessels and
adequate blockade
of all major cotton
ports
