2. Delhi Public School, Greater Noida
The personal computer, also known as the
PC, is one of the most common types of
computer due to its versatility and relatively
low price.
Laptops are generally very similar, although
may use lower-power or reduced size
components.
Personal Computer
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It is a plastic or metal enclosure that houses most of the
components. Those found on desktop computers are usually
small enough to fit under a desk, however in recent years
more compact designs have become more common place,
such as the all-in-one style designs from Apple, namely
the iMac.
Laptops are computers a clamshell form. In more recent
years deviations from this form factor have started to
emerge such as laptops that have detachable screen that
become tablet computers.
The Computer Case
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It is collection of physical elements that constitutes
a computer system. It refers to the physical parts or
components of a computer such as
the monitor, mouse, keyboard, computer data storage, hard
drive disk (HDD), system unit (graphic cards, sound cards,
memory, motherboard and chips), etc.
The software is instructions that can be stored and run by
hardware. Software is any set of machine-readable instructions
that directs a computer's processor to perform specific
operations.
Computer Hardware &
Software
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It is main component inside the case. It is a large rectangular board with integrated circuitry
that connects the other parts of the computer as well as any peripherals connected via the
ports or the expansion slots.
Components directly attached to or part of the motherboard include:
Central Processing Unit
The Chipset
The Random-Access Memory (RAM)
The Read-Only Memory
BIOS (Basic Input Output System)
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) instead of BIOS.
Buses connect the CPU to various internal components
Expansion cards
The CMOS battery
Mother Board
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The expansion card in computing is a printed circuit
board that can be inserted into an expansion slot of a
computer motherboard or backplane to add functionality
to a computer system via the expansion bus.
Expansion cards
Computer data storage, often called storage or memory,
refers to computer components and recording media
that retain digital data. Data storage is a core function
and fundamental component of computers
STORAGE DEVICES
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Hard disk drives are found in virtually all older computers, due
to their high capacity and low cost, but solid-state drives are
faster and more power efficient, Some systems may use a disk
array controller for greater performance or reliability.
Fixed Media
To transfer data between computers, a USB flash
drive or Optical disc may be used. Their usefulness
depends on being readable by other systems; the
majority of machines have an optical disk drive, and
virtually all have a USB port.
REMOVABLE MEDIA
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CPU- Central Processing Unit
It is hardware within a computer that carries out instructions
of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetical,
logical, and input/output operations of the system.
A computer can have more than one CPU; this is called
multiprocessing. All modern CPUs are microprocessors,
meaning contained on a single chip.
Some integrated circuits (ICs) can contain multiple CPUs on a
single chip; those ICs are called multi-core processors.
An IC containing a CPU can also contain peripheral devices, and
other components of a computer system; this is called a
system on a chip (SoC).
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It is a form of computer data storage which allows data
items to be read and written in roughly the same amount
of time regardless of the order in which data items are
accessed.
In contrast, with other direct-access data storage media
such as hard disks, CD-RWs, DVD-RWs and the older drum
memory, the time required to read and write data items
varies significantly depending on their physical locations
on the recording medium, due to mechanical limitations
such as media rotation speeds and arm movement delays.
Random-Access Memory [RAM]
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Computer Data Storage
Also called storage or memory, is a technology consisting of computer
components and recording media used to retain digital data. It is a core
function and fundamental component of computers.
The central processing unit (CPU) of a computer is what manipulates data by
performing computations. All computers use a storage hierarchy, which puts
fast but expensive and small storage options close to the CPU and slower but
larger and cheaper options farther away.
The fast, volatile technologies (which lose data when powered off) are
referred to as "memory", while slower permanent technologies are referred
to as "storage.
The CPU consists of two main parts: control unit and arithmetic logic unit
(ALU). The former controls the flow of data between the CPU and memory;
the latter performs arithmetic and logical operations on data.
14. Delhi Public School, Greater Noida
USB flash drive is a data storage device that includes flash
memory with an integrated Universal Serial Bus (USB)
interface.
These are typically removable and rewritable, and physically
much smaller than an optical disc. USB flash drives are used for
storage, back-up and transfer of computer files.
They are smaller, faster, have thousands of times more capacity,
and are more durable and reliable because they have no
moving parts. are immune to magnetic interference and
unharmed by surface scratches (unlike CDs).
USB FLASH DRIVE
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USB Flash Drive
1 USB Standard, Male A-
plug
2 USB mass storage controller
device
3 Test point
4 Flash memory chip
5 Crystal oscillator
6 LED (Optional)
7 Write-protect switch
(Optional)
8 Space for second flash
memory chip
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A 'keyboard' is a human interface device which is represented
as a layout of buttons.
Each button, or key, can be used to either input a linguistic
character to a computer, or to call upon a particular function
of the computer.
Traditional keyboards use spring-based buttons, though
newer variations employ virtual keys, or even projected
keyboards.
Keyboards
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Output devices display information in a human readable form
and could include printers, speakers, monitors or a Braille
embosser. Output devices are used to give output from the
computer.
Input devices are those through which we input data in the
computer. Some input devices are-Keyboard, mouse,
scanner, joystick and microphones.
Output and Input Devices
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Keyboard Devices
Keyboard devices are the most commonly used input devices
today. A pointing device is any human interface device that
allows a user to input spatial data to a computer.
In the case of mice and touchpads, this is usually achieved by
detecting movement across a physical surface. An along devices,
such as 3D mice, joysticks, or pointing sticks, function by
reporting their angle of deflection.
Movements of the pointing device are echoed on the screen by
movements of the pointer, creating a simple, intuitive way to
navigate a computer's GUI
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Composite Devices
Input devices, such as buttons and joysticks, can be combined on a single
have physical device that could be thought of as a composite device. Many
gaming devices have controllers like this. Technically mice are composite
devices, as they both track movement and provide buttons for clicking, but
composite devices are generally considered more than two different forms of
input.
