1. pGlo Bacterial Transformation and SDS Page by Dr. Belinda Roman and Dr. Ricardo
Chiesa
Bacteria Transformation is a branch of genetics that is commonly used in Biomedical
Research. By using this technique, we can identify whether proteins are present or are expressing
in an organism; proteins like Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), Lux and others. In order to learn
how this technique works we realized a laboratory about this. This laboratory was divided in two
parts. In the first part we learned how to genetically transform a bacteria in order to express
fluorescence when expose to Ultra Violet light. This was possible by growing bacteria, E. coli, in
4 Petri dishes, each with different conditions in the growth medium like the molecular
components etc. Then we performed a SDS Page Extension to see the GFP protein in its ultimate
expression. One of the gels (because we realized two gels that contained the same samples) was
used to apply Comassee Blue dye and the other one was to be exposed at UV light. To conclude,
it can be establish that we can observe directly the presence of GFP in both of the gels. This was
possible because we did a good pippetting and also a good loading of the samples in the gels.
Nanotechnology by Dr. Wilfredo Otaño
Nanotechnology is a science which is widely applied in biomedical research. An example
of the many applications that it can have is the attempts to deposit hidroxioapatite in some
inorganic metal or fiber. This seeks to replace human bone. The laboratory of Dr Otaño
performed experiments (for NASA) to find a sensor that is capable of identifying hydrogen in the
atmosphere of some other planet. What is done is that a special machine call high vacuum sets a
number of gases and metals in a chip. Metals and gases have to react with the presence of
hydrogen but also when there is not presence of this gas. For this reason, the laboratory realizes
many sensors that can be uset to detect the presence of hydrogen but when the hydrogen is not
anymore in the environment the sensors don’t react. This was what happened in our case. In
conclusion surely our technique did not work because the time required was not enough to
perform a sensor of quality. Also it was not made with the appropriate details and precautions
that have to be taken when performing such experiments.
Biofuel: Enzyme Kinetics by Dr. Ricardo Chiesa
Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in biological and metabolic processes that
occur in organisms. An interesting fact is that the enzyme activity can be deregulated or
denaturalized by factors such as pH and temperature. During this laboratory we realized several
procedures that put enzymes under different stress factors in order to see the different reactions
of the enzymes. In our case we exposed enzymes at different temperatures to see their production
capacity in both of enzymatic status: denatured and native state. Valeria and I put the enzyme at
different temperatures. The results showed that the enzyme that was exposed to room

2. temperature maintained the enzymatic integrity and thus had a greater capacity for work. On the
other hand, the enzymes that were exposed to hot or cold temperatures had a low enzymatic
capacity respectively. This shows that the temperature factors do affect the integrity of the
enzyme or denaturation process.
Carlos Santos Perez
804-10-8280
University of Puerto Rico
Cayey P.R.