Presentation for Academic English A

2.  It was built in 1460 by the great Inca Emperor
Pachacuti
 Some believe he built it as a retreat or country palace
for him and his guests
 Some believe it was an isolated religious sanctuary
where nuns and priests worshipped the sun
 Some also believe it was an ancient military stronghold

3.  Peru (South America).
 Covers a total area of 32 500 hectares.
 On the eastern slopes of the Peruvian
Andes, 1400km south of the equator.
 Found between two mountain ridges, Machu Picchu
and Huayna Picchu.
 The Inca city overlooks the Urubamba River.
 2 430m above sea level.

5.  Even to this day the people of Machu Pichu still wear their traditional Peruvian
clothing
 Each village has its own style of clothing
 Their clothing is usually bright and exciting and consists of geometric patterns
 They make most of their clothes from the wool of the alpaca
 The men wear ponchos and sombreros on top of chullo’s
 The women wear colourful traditional skirts, wool jackets, synthetic sweaters and
sandals called “AJOTAS”, which are made from truck tires

6.  The word “Inca” stands for the ruling elite and their
ethnic group
 They ruled an empire of many different ethnicities and
would make their presence known periodically by
taking up residence at a series of royal estates
 People living there could have come from all over the
empire, speaking different languages
 They were astronomers and the King wore a tunic with
rows of geometric motifs

7.  Many of the buildings of Machu Picchu show signs of
religious and spiritual significance
 There was a series of erect monolithic stones that can
be interpreted as a resting place for the sun
 Another building could have been where the Inca King
went to speak directly to the sun, from which he
returned to tell the people what the sun had said

8.  They devoted most of their time to farming.
 Potatoes were one of the main foods of the Inca. They
farmed varieties types of potatoes.
 Meats: Llamas and Alpacas were the main
domesticated animals of Inca.
 Drinks: chicha was the main drink for the people
during Inca period, which made from jora and maize.

9.  Tourists have increased the landslide risk.
 Erosion has increased due to human activity.
 Tea bags and water bottles litter the hiking trail.
 Limited number of tourists per day, as a way to
preserve the heritage site.
 Only 1600 visitors, was 2500 visitors per day.
 Garbage is piled along the Urubamba River.

10.  Accommodation
Cusco, the ancient capital of the Incas.
Base for tourists en route to the archaeological site.
Accommodation in the city ranges from US $10 - $400 per night.
 Transportation
transport ranges from US $76- $389.
Trains US $42

11.  The lost city of the Incas was discovered by
Professor Hiram Bingham.
 It was built by Native Americans, in 1450 A.D.
 The Inca did not have a written language.
 Machu Picchu is listed as one of the world heritage
sites, by the United Nations.

12.  Entrance to historical sanctuary $49 or $24
 Local agencies sell their packages $155

13.  http://www.inside-peru.com/traditional-peruvian-clothing.html
 abcdefg Wright & Valencia Zegarra 2001, 2003, p.1.
 http://infosurhoy.com/cocoon/saii/xhtml/en_GB/features/saii/f
eatures/entertainment/2012/11/29/feature-02
 Jarus, O. (2012). Machu Picchu: Facts and History. Available
from: http://www.livescience.com/22869-machu-picchu.html
(Accessed 15 March 2013).
 Wright, K.R. & Zegarra, A.V. (2000). Machu Picchu: A Civil
Engineering Marvel. Virginia: ASCE Press.
 Torres, M. (2011). 100 years of Machu Picchu and the impact
of tourism. Available from:
http://www.southernconejourneys.blogspot.com/2011/07/100-
years-of-machu-picchu-and-impact-of.html (Accessed 15
March 2012).