AI and Machine Learning Demystified by Carol Smith at Midwest UX 2017

Carol Smith
Carol SmithUX Researcher & Speaker - Provoking human values in AI à Carnegie Mellon University
AI and Machine Learning Demystified
Carol Smith @carologic
Midwest UX 2017, Cincinnati, Ohio
October 13, 2017
AI is when Machines
– Exhibit intelligence
– Perceive their environment
– Take actions/make decision to
maximize chance of success at a goal
NAO’s New Job as “Connie” the concierge at Hilton Hotels
https://developer.softbankrobotics.com/us-en/showcase/nao-ibm-create-new-hilton-concierge
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
In the extreme…
Google Search for “movies with AI” Copyrights as labeled.
“Most people working in AI have a healthy skepticism for the idea
of the singularity.
We know how hard it is to get even a little intelligence into a
machine, let alone enough to achieve recursive self-
improvement.”
– Toby Walsh
http://www.wired.co.uk/article/elon-musk-
artificial-intelligence-scaremongering
Remember: “We can unplug the machines!”
Grady Booch, Scientist, philosopher, IBM’er https://www.ted.com/talks/grady_booch_don_t_fear_superintelligence
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Cognitive computers are
• Made with algorithms
• Knowledgeable ONLY about what taught
• Control ONLY what we give them control of
• Aware of nuances and can continue to learn more
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Cognitive computers (algorithms) can…
• Do very boring work for you
• Often make better, more consistent decisions than humans
• Be efficient, won’t get tired
Q&A: Should artificial intelligence be legally required to explain itself?
By Matthew Hutson, May. 31, 2017. Interview with Sandra Wachter, data ethics researcher
at Univ. of Oxford and Alan Turing Institute.
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/05/qa-should-artificial-intelligence-be-legally-required-explain-itself
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Exhibit intelligence
- transfer human concepts and relationships
Photo by sunlightfoundation
https://www.flickr.com/photos/sunlightfoundation/2385174105
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Dependent on Experts
• Subject Matter Experts (SME’s) Availability
– Lawyers
– Machinists
– Insurance adjusters
– Physicians
• Usually not experienced in machine learning
– Need close collaboration with those making algorithms
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Number Five “Needs Input”
Short Circuit (1986 film) - Ally Sheedy and Number Five
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_Circuit_(1986_film)
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Content is annotated by experts
Image created by Angela Swindell,
Visual Designer, Watson Knowledge Studio
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
AI is taxonomies and ontologies coming to life
(NOT like humans learn)
Photo: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baby_Boy_Oliver.jpg
Enormous
amount of
work.
Only as good as data
and time spent improving it
Biased based on what it taught
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Creating an AI requires
• Algorithms
• Documents
• Ground truth (annotation)
• Teaching
• Iteration
• Repeat
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Supervised (by a human) Machine Learning
Watson Knowledge Studio
https://www.ibm.com/us-en/marketplace/supervised-machine-learning
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Knowledge and Accuracy
• How important is
accuracy?
• Consider a reverse card
sorting exercise
Image: Gerry Gaffney. (2000) What is Card Sorting? Usability Techniques Series,
Information & Design. http://www.infodesign.com.au/usabilityresources/design/cardsorting.asp
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Across industries – priority of accuracy varies
Higher Priority
90-99%+
Lower Priority
60-89% accuracy is acceptable
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Goal is saving time
Machine learning creates
more highly trained specialists
Not an “all knowing” being
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Cancer Burden in Sub-Saharan Africa
Risk of getting cancer
and
Risk of Dying
~same
The Cancer Atlas http://canceratlas.cancer.org/the-burden/
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
What if we could reduce the burden?
• Bring taxonomies and ontologies to life
• Broaden access to evidence based medicine
• More informed treatment decisions
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
AI actions for success
• Example: Healthcare
– AI analyzes data (treatment options, similar patients)
– Goal: Provide quick, evidence based options
– Physician selects treatment for patients based on situation
• AI success is helping physician (not replacing)
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Examples
of AI and Cognitive
Computing
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Consider for each example
• What intelligence does the system need?
• What is the AI perceiving in their environment?
• What actions are taken to maximize chance
of success at goal?
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Strategic Games
• 1997 Chess, IBM
• 2016 Go, Google
• Intelligence?
• Perception?
• Action/Decision?
Floor goban, 2007, By Goban1
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FloorGoban.JPG
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Understanding human speech
• Watson developed for quiz show Jeopardy!
• Won against champions in 2011 for $1 million
Video: “IBM's Watson Supercomputer Destroys Humans in Jeopardy!
Engadget” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFR3lOm_xhE
Watson definition: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watson_(computer)
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Decision Making: Self Driving (autonomous) vehicles
Junior, a robotic Volkswagen Passat, in a parking lot at Stanford University
24 October 2009, By: Steve Jurvetson
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hands-free_Driving.jpg
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Image Recognition – Google Photos
Carol’s search for “cats” on her Google Photos account.
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Sound recognition: Labeling of birdsongs
“Comparison of machine learning methods applied to birdsong element classification”
by David Nicholson. Proceedings of the 15th Python in Science Conference (SCIPY 2016).
http://conference.scipy.org/proceedings/scipy2016/pdfs/david_nicholson.pdf
Photo by Gallo71 (Own work) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ARbruni.JPG
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Analyzing Text: Personality of @carologic (not quite)
Personality Insights applied to @Carologic on Twitter
IBM Watson Developer Cloud: https://personality-insights-livedemo.mybluemix.net/
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Automating Repetitive Work
• Automated
Radiologist
highlights
possible
issues
• Radiologist
confirms
IBM’s Automated Radiologist Can Read Images and Medical Records,
MIT Technology Review
https://www.technologyreview.com/s/600706/ibms-automated-radiologist-can-read-images-and-medical-records/
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
88,000 retina images
• Watson knows what a
healthy eye looks like
• Glaucoma is the second
leading cause of
blindness worldwide
–50% of cases go
undetected
Seeing is preventing.
https://twitter.com/IBMWatson/status/844545761740292096
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Chatbots for Easy ordering
• Order via text, email,
Facebook Messenger or
with a Slackbot
• Cognitive pieces:
–Speech-to-text
–Chat
–API’s in backend
Story: http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20161025006273/en/Staples%E2%80%99-%E2%80%9CEasy-
Button%E2%80%9D-Life-IBM-Watson
Photo: Easy Button from Staples: http://www.staples.com/Staples-Easy-Button/product_606396
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Chatbots – not really AI, yet
• Mapping Q & A
–Expected language
–Appropriate automated
responses
–When to escalate
to a human
Images: https://www.pexels.com/photo/close-up-of-mobile-phone-248512/
https://www.amazon.com/Amazon-Echo-Bluetooth-Speaker-with-WiFi-Alexa/dp/B00X4WHP5E
https://www.ibm.com/watson/developercloud/doc/conversation/index.html
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Optical character recognition (OCR)
• Used to be AI
• Now considered routine computing
Portable scanner and OCR (video)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Portable_scanner_and_OCR_(video).webm
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Ethics in Design for AI
Humans teach what we feel is important… teach them to share our values.
Super knowing - not super doing
Grady Booch, Scientist, philosopher, IBM’er https://www.ted.com/talks/grady_booch_don_t_fear_superintelligence
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
How might we…
• build systems that have ethical and moral foundation?’
• that are transparent to users?
• teach mercy and justice of law?
• extend and advance healthcare?
• increase safety in dangerous work?
Inspired by Grady Booch, Scientist, philosopher, IBM’er
https://www.ted.com/talks/grady_booch_don_t_fear_superintelligence
Trust machines
just as much
as a well-trained human?
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Guiding Principles – Ethical AI
• Purpose
– Aid humans, not replace them
– Symbiotic relationship
“3 guiding principles for ethical AI, from IBM CEO Ginni Rometty”
by Alison DeNisco. January 17, 2017, Tech Republic http://www.techrepublic.com/article/3-guiding-
principles-for-ethical-ai-from-ibm-ceo-ginni-rometty/
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Transparency
• How was AI taught?
• What data was used?
• Humans remain in control of the system
“3 guiding principles for ethical AI, from IBM CEO Ginni Rometty”
by Alison DeNisco. January 17, 2017, Tech Republic http://www.techrepublic.com/article/3-guiding-
principles-for-ethical-ai-from-ibm-ceo-ginni-rometty/
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Skills
• Built with people in the industry
• Human workers trained
how to use tools to their advantage
“3 guiding principles for ethical AI, from IBM CEO Ginni Rometty”
by Alison DeNisco. January 17, 2017, Tech Republic http://www.techrepublic.com/article/3-guiding-
principles-for-ethical-ai-from-ibm-ceo-ginni-rometty/
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Regulations
• Almost everyone agrees they are necessary
• Who will create regulations?
• Enforce?
“We often have
no way of knowing
when and why people
are biased.”
- Sandra Wachter
Q&A: Should artificial intelligence be legally required to explain itself?
By Matthew Hutson, May. 31, 2017. Interview with Sandra Wachter, data ethics researcher at Univ. of Oxford and Alan Turing Institute.
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/05/qa-should-artificial-intelligence-be-legally-required-explain-itself
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
• Framework for transparency rights
and safeguards against automated decision-making
• Right to contest a completely automated decision
if it has legal or other significant effects on them
Q&A: Should artificial intelligence be legally required to explain itself?
By Matthew Hutson, May. 31, 2017. Interview with Sandra Wachter, data ethics researcher at Univ. of Oxford and Alan Turing Institute.
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/05/qa-should-artificial-intelligence-be-legally-required-explain-itself
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Regulations take forever
• Humans and algorithms aren’t without bias
• ML has potential to make less biased decisions
• Algorithms trained with biased data
pick up and replicate biases, and develop new ones
Q&A: Should artificial intelligence be legally required to explain itself?
By Matthew Hutson, May. 31, 2017. Interview with Sandra Wachter, data ethics researcher at Univ. of Oxford and Alan Turing Institute.
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/05/qa-should-artificial-intelligence-be-legally-required-explain-itself
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
How do we evolve the practice of UX
to deal with the new issues
these technologies bring
and the new information that is created?
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Take Responsibility
• Create a code of conduct
– What do you value?
– What lines won’t your AI cross?
• Make your AI transparent
– How was it made and what does it do?
– How do you reduce bias?
• Keep humans in control
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Don’t fear AI - Explore AI
Try the tools
Pair with others
IBM Watson Developer Tools (free trials):
https://console.ng.bluemix.net/catalog/?category=watson
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Go forth and create ethical AI’s
• Purpose: Intelligence and actions to maximize success
• Transparency: Code of Conduct
• Skills: How will humans learn to use it?
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Contact Carol
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/caroljsmith
Twitter - @Carologic: https://twitter.com/carologic
Slides on Slideshare: https://www.slideshare.net/carologic
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Additional Information
and Resources
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Watson is a cognitive technology that can think like a human.
• Understand
• Analyze and interpret all kinds of data
• Unstructured text, images, audio and video
• Reason
• Understand the personality, tone, and emotion of content
• Learn
• Grow the subject matter expertise in your apps and systems
• Interact
• Create chat bots that can engage in dialog
https://www.ibm.com/watson/
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
More on Strategic Games
Graphic, Science Magazine: http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/03/update-why-week-s-
man-versus-machine-go-match-doesn-t-matter-and-what-does
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
The Job Question
• Make new economies
and opportunities –
potentially:
–Create jobs
–Entire new fields
• Some jobs will be lost
–What can we do to
mitigate this?
Jobs that no longer exist
The Lector http://www.ranker.com/list/jobs-that-no-longer-exist/coy-jandreau
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Tone Analyzer - Watson
IBM Watson Developer Cloud, Tone Analyzer
https://tone-analyzer-demo.mybluemix.net/
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Optimist’s guide to the robot apocalypse - @sarahfkessler
“The optimist’s guide to the robot apocalypse” by Sarah Kessler. March 09, 2017. QZ.
@sarahfkessler https://qz.com/904285/the-optimists-guide-to-the-robot-apocalypse/
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Additional Resources
• “How IBM is Competing with Google in AI.” The Information. https://www.theinformation.com/how-ibm-is-
competing-with-google-in-ai?eu=2zIDMNYNjDp7KqL4YqAXXA
• “The business case for augmented intelligence” https://medium.com/cognitivebusiness/the-business-case-for-
augmented-intelligence-36afa64cd675
• “Comparison of machine learning methods applied to birdsong element classification” by David Nicholson.
Proceedings of the 15th Python in Science Conference (SCIPY 2016).
http://conference.scipy.org/proceedings/scipy2016/pdfs/david_nicholson.pdf
• “Staples’ “Easy Button” Comes to Life with IBM Watson” in Business Wire, October 25, 2016.
http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20161025006273/en/Staples%E2%80%99-%E2%80%9CEasy-
Button%E2%80%9D-Life-IBM-Watson
• “How Staples Is Making Its Easy Button Even Easier With A.I.” by Chris Cancialosi, Forbes.
https://www.forbes.com/sites/chriscancialosi/2016/12/13/how-staples-is-making-its-easy-button-even-easier-
with-a-i/#4ae66e8359ef
• “Inside Intel: The Race for Faster Machine Learning”
http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/analytics/machine-learning/the-race-for-faster-machine-learning.html
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
More Resources
• “Update: Why this week’s man-versus-machine Go match doesn’t matter (and what does)” by Dana
Mackenzie. Science Magazine. Mar. 15, 2016 http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/03/update-why-week-s-
man-versus-machine-go-match-doesn-t-matter-and-what-does
• “For IBM’s CTO for Watson, not a lot of value in replicating the human mind in a computer.” by Frederic
Lardinois (@fredericl), TechCrunch, Posted Feb 27, 2017. https://techcrunch.com/2017/02/27/for-ibms-cto-for-
watson-not-a-lot-of-value-in-replicating-the-human-mind-in-a-computer/
• “Google and IBM: We Want Artificial Intelligence to Help You, Not Replace You” Most Powerful Women by
Michelle Toh. Mar 02, 2017. Fortune. http://fortune.com/2017/03/02/google-ibm-artificial-intelligence/
• “Facebook scales back AI flagship after chatbots hit 70% f-AI-lure rate - 'The limitations of automation‘” by
Andrew Orlowski. Feb 22, 2017. The Register https://www.theregister.co.uk/2017/02/22/facebook_ai_fail/
• “Microsoft is deleting its AI chatbot's incredibly racist tweets” by Rob Price. Mar. 24, 2016. Business Insider
UK. http://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-deletes-racist-genocidal-tweets-from-ai-chatbot-tay-2016-3
Special Thanks: Soundtrack to 'Run Lola Run', 1998 German thriller film written and directed by Tom Tykwer, and
starring Franka Potente as Lola and Moritz Bleibtreu as Manni. Soundtrack by Tykwer, Johnny Klimek, and
Reinhold Heil
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Even More Resources
• “IBM’s Automated Radiologist Can Read Images and Medical Records” by Tom Simonite, February 4, 2016.
Intelligent Machines, MIT Technology Review. https://www.technologyreview.com/s/600706/ibms-automated-
radiologist-can-read-images-and-medical-records/
• “The IBM, Salesforce AI Mash-Up Could Be a Stroke of Genius” by Adam Lashinsky, Mar 07, 2017. Fortune.
http://fortune.com/2017/03/07/data-sheet-ibm-salesforce/
• "Google can now tell you're not a robot with just one click" by Andy Greenberg. Dec. 3, 2014. Security: Wired.
https://www.wired.com/2014/12/google-one-click-recaptcha/
• “Essentials of Machine Learning Algorithms (with Python and R Codes)” by Sunil Ray, August 10, 2015.
Analytics Vidhya. https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2015/08/common-machine-learning-algorithms/
• IBM on Machine Learning https://www.ibm.com/analytics/us/en/technology/machine-learning/
• “At Davos, IBM CEO Ginni Rometty Downplays Fears of a Robot Takeover” by Claire Zillman, Jan 18, 2017.
Fortune. http://fortune.com/2017/01/18/ibm-ceo-ginni-rometty-ai-davos/
• “Google and IBM: We Want Artificial Intelligence to Help You, Not Replace You” by Michelle Toh. Mar 02,
2017. Fortune. http://fortune.com/2017/03/02/google-ibm-artificial-intelligence/
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Yes, even more resources
• Video: “IBM Watson Knowledge Studio: Teach Watson about your unstructured data”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=caIdJjtvX1s&t=6s
• “The optimist’s guide to the robot apocalypse” by Sarah Kessler, @sarahfkessler. March 09, 2017. QZ.
https://qz.com/904285/the-optimists-guide-to-the-robot-apocalypse/
• “AI Influencers 2017: Top 30 people in AI you should follow on Twitter" by Trips Reddy @tripsy, Senior
Content Manager, IBM Watson . February 10, 2017 https://www.ibm.com/blogs/watson/2017/02/ai-
influencers-2017-top-25-people-ai-follow-twitter/
• “3 guiding principles for ethical AI, from IBM CEO Ginni Rometty” by Alison DeNisco. January 17, 2017, Tech
Republic http://www.techrepublic.com/article/3-guiding-principles-for-ethical-ai-from-ibm-ceo-ginni-rometty/
• "Transparency and Trust in the Cognitive Era" January 17, 2017 Written by: IBM THINK Blog
https://www.ibm.com/blogs/think/2017/01/ibm-cognitive-principles/
• "Ethics and Artificial Intelligence: The Moral Compass of a Machine“ by Kris Hammond, April 13, 2016.
Recode. http://www.recode.net/2016/4/13/11644890/ethics-and-artificial-intelligence-the-moral-compass-of-a-
machine
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Last bit: I promise
• "The importance of human innovation in A.I. ethics" by John C. Havens. Oct. 03, 2015
http://mashable.com/2015/10/03/ethics-artificial-intelligence/#yljsShvAFsqy
• "Me, Myself and AI" Fjordnet Limited 2017 - Accenture Digital.
https://trends.fjordnet.com/trends/me-myself-ai
• "Testing AI concepts in user research" By Chris Butler, Mar 2, 2017. https://uxdesign.cc/testing-ai-
concepts-in-user-research-b742a9a92e55#.58jtc7nzo
• "CMU prof says computers that can 'see' soon will permeate our lives“ by Aaron Aupperlee. March
16, 2017. http://triblive.com/news/adminpage/12080408-74/cmu-prof-says-computers-that-can-
see-soon-will-permeate-our-lives
• “The business case for augmented intelligence” by Nancy Pearson, VP Marketing, IBM Cognitive.
https://medium.com/cognitivebusiness/the-business-case-for-augmented-intelligence-
36afa64cd675#.qqzvunakw
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Definition: Artificial Intelligence
• Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence exhibited by machines.
• In computer science, an ideal "intelligent" machine is a flexible rational agent that
perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of success
at some goal.[1] Colloquially, the term "artificial intelligence" is applied when a
machine mimics "cognitive" functions that humans associate with other human
minds, such as "learning" and "problem solving".[2]
• Capabilities currently classified as AI include successfully understanding human
speech,[4] competing at a high level in strategic game systems (such as Chess
and Go[5]), self-driving cars, and interpreting complex data.
Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence#cite_note-Intelligent_agents-1
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Definition: The Singularity
• If research into Strong AI produced sufficiently intelligent software, it might be able to reprogram
and improve itself. The improved software would be even better at improving itself, leading to
recursive self-improvement.[245] The new intelligence could thus increase exponentially and
dramatically surpass humans. Science fiction writer Vernor Vinge named this scenario
"singularity".[246] Technological singularity is when accelerating progress in technologies will
cause a runaway effect wherein artificial intelligence will exceed human intellectual capacity and
control, thus radically changing or even ending civilization. Because the capabilities of such an
intelligence may be impossible to comprehend, the technological singularity is an occurrence
beyond which events are unpredictable or even unfathomable.[246]
• Ray Kurzweil has used Moore's law (which describes the relentless exponential improvement in
digital technology) to calculate that desktop computers will have the same processing power as
human brains by the year 2029, and predicts that the singularity will occur in 2045.[246]
Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence#cite_note-Intelligent_agents-1
AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017
Definition: Machine Learning
• Ability for system to take basic knowledge (does not mean simple or non-complex)
and apply that knowledge to new data
• Raises ability to discover new information. Find unknowns in data.
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_learning
More Definitions:
• Algorithm: a process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-
solving operations, especially by a computer.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm
• Natural Language Processing (NLP):
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language_processing
AI and Machine Learning Demystified by Carol Smith at Midwest UX 2017
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Plus de Carol Smith(20)

AI and Machine Learning Demystified by Carol Smith at Midwest UX 2017

  • 1. AI and Machine Learning Demystified Carol Smith @carologic Midwest UX 2017, Cincinnati, Ohio October 13, 2017
  • 2. AI is when Machines – Exhibit intelligence – Perceive their environment – Take actions/make decision to maximize chance of success at a goal NAO’s New Job as “Connie” the concierge at Hilton Hotels https://developer.softbankrobotics.com/us-en/showcase/nao-ibm-create-new-hilton-concierge
  • 3. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 In the extreme… Google Search for “movies with AI” Copyrights as labeled.
  • 4. “Most people working in AI have a healthy skepticism for the idea of the singularity. We know how hard it is to get even a little intelligence into a machine, let alone enough to achieve recursive self- improvement.” – Toby Walsh http://www.wired.co.uk/article/elon-musk- artificial-intelligence-scaremongering
  • 5. Remember: “We can unplug the machines!” Grady Booch, Scientist, philosopher, IBM’er https://www.ted.com/talks/grady_booch_don_t_fear_superintelligence
  • 6. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Cognitive computers are • Made with algorithms • Knowledgeable ONLY about what taught • Control ONLY what we give them control of • Aware of nuances and can continue to learn more
  • 7. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Cognitive computers (algorithms) can… • Do very boring work for you • Often make better, more consistent decisions than humans • Be efficient, won’t get tired Q&A: Should artificial intelligence be legally required to explain itself? By Matthew Hutson, May. 31, 2017. Interview with Sandra Wachter, data ethics researcher at Univ. of Oxford and Alan Turing Institute. http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/05/qa-should-artificial-intelligence-be-legally-required-explain-itself
  • 8. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Exhibit intelligence - transfer human concepts and relationships Photo by sunlightfoundation https://www.flickr.com/photos/sunlightfoundation/2385174105
  • 9. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Dependent on Experts • Subject Matter Experts (SME’s) Availability – Lawyers – Machinists – Insurance adjusters – Physicians • Usually not experienced in machine learning – Need close collaboration with those making algorithms
  • 10. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Number Five “Needs Input” Short Circuit (1986 film) - Ally Sheedy and Number Five https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_Circuit_(1986_film)
  • 11. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Content is annotated by experts Image created by Angela Swindell, Visual Designer, Watson Knowledge Studio
  • 12. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 AI is taxonomies and ontologies coming to life (NOT like humans learn) Photo: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baby_Boy_Oliver.jpg
  • 14. Only as good as data and time spent improving it Biased based on what it taught
  • 15. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Creating an AI requires • Algorithms • Documents • Ground truth (annotation) • Teaching • Iteration • Repeat
  • 16. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Supervised (by a human) Machine Learning Watson Knowledge Studio https://www.ibm.com/us-en/marketplace/supervised-machine-learning
  • 17. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Knowledge and Accuracy • How important is accuracy? • Consider a reverse card sorting exercise Image: Gerry Gaffney. (2000) What is Card Sorting? Usability Techniques Series, Information & Design. http://www.infodesign.com.au/usabilityresources/design/cardsorting.asp
  • 18. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Across industries – priority of accuracy varies Higher Priority 90-99%+ Lower Priority 60-89% accuracy is acceptable
  • 19. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Goal is saving time Machine learning creates more highly trained specialists Not an “all knowing” being
  • 20. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Cancer Burden in Sub-Saharan Africa Risk of getting cancer and Risk of Dying ~same The Cancer Atlas http://canceratlas.cancer.org/the-burden/
  • 21. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 What if we could reduce the burden? • Bring taxonomies and ontologies to life • Broaden access to evidence based medicine • More informed treatment decisions
  • 22. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 AI actions for success • Example: Healthcare – AI analyzes data (treatment options, similar patients) – Goal: Provide quick, evidence based options – Physician selects treatment for patients based on situation • AI success is helping physician (not replacing)
  • 23. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Examples of AI and Cognitive Computing
  • 24. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Consider for each example • What intelligence does the system need? • What is the AI perceiving in their environment? • What actions are taken to maximize chance of success at goal?
  • 25. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Strategic Games • 1997 Chess, IBM • 2016 Go, Google • Intelligence? • Perception? • Action/Decision? Floor goban, 2007, By Goban1 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FloorGoban.JPG
  • 26. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Understanding human speech • Watson developed for quiz show Jeopardy! • Won against champions in 2011 for $1 million Video: “IBM's Watson Supercomputer Destroys Humans in Jeopardy! Engadget” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFR3lOm_xhE Watson definition: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watson_(computer)
  • 27. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Decision Making: Self Driving (autonomous) vehicles Junior, a robotic Volkswagen Passat, in a parking lot at Stanford University 24 October 2009, By: Steve Jurvetson https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hands-free_Driving.jpg
  • 28. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Image Recognition – Google Photos Carol’s search for “cats” on her Google Photos account.
  • 29. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Sound recognition: Labeling of birdsongs “Comparison of machine learning methods applied to birdsong element classification” by David Nicholson. Proceedings of the 15th Python in Science Conference (SCIPY 2016). http://conference.scipy.org/proceedings/scipy2016/pdfs/david_nicholson.pdf Photo by Gallo71 (Own work) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ARbruni.JPG
  • 30. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Analyzing Text: Personality of @carologic (not quite) Personality Insights applied to @Carologic on Twitter IBM Watson Developer Cloud: https://personality-insights-livedemo.mybluemix.net/
  • 31. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Automating Repetitive Work • Automated Radiologist highlights possible issues • Radiologist confirms IBM’s Automated Radiologist Can Read Images and Medical Records, MIT Technology Review https://www.technologyreview.com/s/600706/ibms-automated-radiologist-can-read-images-and-medical-records/
  • 32. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 88,000 retina images • Watson knows what a healthy eye looks like • Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide –50% of cases go undetected Seeing is preventing. https://twitter.com/IBMWatson/status/844545761740292096
  • 33. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Chatbots for Easy ordering • Order via text, email, Facebook Messenger or with a Slackbot • Cognitive pieces: –Speech-to-text –Chat –API’s in backend Story: http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20161025006273/en/Staples%E2%80%99-%E2%80%9CEasy- Button%E2%80%9D-Life-IBM-Watson Photo: Easy Button from Staples: http://www.staples.com/Staples-Easy-Button/product_606396
  • 34. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Chatbots – not really AI, yet • Mapping Q & A –Expected language –Appropriate automated responses –When to escalate to a human Images: https://www.pexels.com/photo/close-up-of-mobile-phone-248512/ https://www.amazon.com/Amazon-Echo-Bluetooth-Speaker-with-WiFi-Alexa/dp/B00X4WHP5E https://www.ibm.com/watson/developercloud/doc/conversation/index.html
  • 35. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Optical character recognition (OCR) • Used to be AI • Now considered routine computing Portable scanner and OCR (video) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Portable_scanner_and_OCR_(video).webm
  • 36. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Ethics in Design for AI
  • 37. Humans teach what we feel is important… teach them to share our values. Super knowing - not super doing Grady Booch, Scientist, philosopher, IBM’er https://www.ted.com/talks/grady_booch_don_t_fear_superintelligence
  • 38. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 How might we… • build systems that have ethical and moral foundation?’ • that are transparent to users? • teach mercy and justice of law? • extend and advance healthcare? • increase safety in dangerous work? Inspired by Grady Booch, Scientist, philosopher, IBM’er https://www.ted.com/talks/grady_booch_don_t_fear_superintelligence
  • 39. Trust machines just as much as a well-trained human?
  • 40. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Guiding Principles – Ethical AI • Purpose – Aid humans, not replace them – Symbiotic relationship “3 guiding principles for ethical AI, from IBM CEO Ginni Rometty” by Alison DeNisco. January 17, 2017, Tech Republic http://www.techrepublic.com/article/3-guiding- principles-for-ethical-ai-from-ibm-ceo-ginni-rometty/
  • 41. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Transparency • How was AI taught? • What data was used? • Humans remain in control of the system “3 guiding principles for ethical AI, from IBM CEO Ginni Rometty” by Alison DeNisco. January 17, 2017, Tech Republic http://www.techrepublic.com/article/3-guiding- principles-for-ethical-ai-from-ibm-ceo-ginni-rometty/
  • 42. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Skills • Built with people in the industry • Human workers trained how to use tools to their advantage “3 guiding principles for ethical AI, from IBM CEO Ginni Rometty” by Alison DeNisco. January 17, 2017, Tech Republic http://www.techrepublic.com/article/3-guiding- principles-for-ethical-ai-from-ibm-ceo-ginni-rometty/
  • 43. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Regulations • Almost everyone agrees they are necessary • Who will create regulations? • Enforce?
  • 44. “We often have no way of knowing when and why people are biased.” - Sandra Wachter Q&A: Should artificial intelligence be legally required to explain itself? By Matthew Hutson, May. 31, 2017. Interview with Sandra Wachter, data ethics researcher at Univ. of Oxford and Alan Turing Institute. http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/05/qa-should-artificial-intelligence-be-legally-required-explain-itself
  • 45. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) • Framework for transparency rights and safeguards against automated decision-making • Right to contest a completely automated decision if it has legal or other significant effects on them Q&A: Should artificial intelligence be legally required to explain itself? By Matthew Hutson, May. 31, 2017. Interview with Sandra Wachter, data ethics researcher at Univ. of Oxford and Alan Turing Institute. http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/05/qa-should-artificial-intelligence-be-legally-required-explain-itself
  • 46. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Regulations take forever • Humans and algorithms aren’t without bias • ML has potential to make less biased decisions • Algorithms trained with biased data pick up and replicate biases, and develop new ones Q&A: Should artificial intelligence be legally required to explain itself? By Matthew Hutson, May. 31, 2017. Interview with Sandra Wachter, data ethics researcher at Univ. of Oxford and Alan Turing Institute. http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/05/qa-should-artificial-intelligence-be-legally-required-explain-itself
  • 47. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 How do we evolve the practice of UX to deal with the new issues these technologies bring and the new information that is created?
  • 48. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Take Responsibility • Create a code of conduct – What do you value? – What lines won’t your AI cross? • Make your AI transparent – How was it made and what does it do? – How do you reduce bias? • Keep humans in control
  • 49. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Don’t fear AI - Explore AI Try the tools Pair with others IBM Watson Developer Tools (free trials): https://console.ng.bluemix.net/catalog/?category=watson
  • 50. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Go forth and create ethical AI’s • Purpose: Intelligence and actions to maximize success • Transparency: Code of Conduct • Skills: How will humans learn to use it?
  • 51. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Contact Carol LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/caroljsmith Twitter - @Carologic: https://twitter.com/carologic Slides on Slideshare: https://www.slideshare.net/carologic
  • 52. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Additional Information and Resources
  • 53. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Watson is a cognitive technology that can think like a human. • Understand • Analyze and interpret all kinds of data • Unstructured text, images, audio and video • Reason • Understand the personality, tone, and emotion of content • Learn • Grow the subject matter expertise in your apps and systems • Interact • Create chat bots that can engage in dialog https://www.ibm.com/watson/
  • 54. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 More on Strategic Games Graphic, Science Magazine: http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/03/update-why-week-s- man-versus-machine-go-match-doesn-t-matter-and-what-does
  • 55. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 The Job Question • Make new economies and opportunities – potentially: –Create jobs –Entire new fields • Some jobs will be lost –What can we do to mitigate this? Jobs that no longer exist The Lector http://www.ranker.com/list/jobs-that-no-longer-exist/coy-jandreau
  • 56. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Tone Analyzer - Watson IBM Watson Developer Cloud, Tone Analyzer https://tone-analyzer-demo.mybluemix.net/
  • 57. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Optimist’s guide to the robot apocalypse - @sarahfkessler “The optimist’s guide to the robot apocalypse” by Sarah Kessler. March 09, 2017. QZ. @sarahfkessler https://qz.com/904285/the-optimists-guide-to-the-robot-apocalypse/
  • 58. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Additional Resources • “How IBM is Competing with Google in AI.” The Information. https://www.theinformation.com/how-ibm-is- competing-with-google-in-ai?eu=2zIDMNYNjDp7KqL4YqAXXA • “The business case for augmented intelligence” https://medium.com/cognitivebusiness/the-business-case-for- augmented-intelligence-36afa64cd675 • “Comparison of machine learning methods applied to birdsong element classification” by David Nicholson. Proceedings of the 15th Python in Science Conference (SCIPY 2016). http://conference.scipy.org/proceedings/scipy2016/pdfs/david_nicholson.pdf • “Staples’ “Easy Button” Comes to Life with IBM Watson” in Business Wire, October 25, 2016. http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20161025006273/en/Staples%E2%80%99-%E2%80%9CEasy- Button%E2%80%9D-Life-IBM-Watson • “How Staples Is Making Its Easy Button Even Easier With A.I.” by Chris Cancialosi, Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/chriscancialosi/2016/12/13/how-staples-is-making-its-easy-button-even-easier- with-a-i/#4ae66e8359ef • “Inside Intel: The Race for Faster Machine Learning” http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/analytics/machine-learning/the-race-for-faster-machine-learning.html
  • 59. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 More Resources • “Update: Why this week’s man-versus-machine Go match doesn’t matter (and what does)” by Dana Mackenzie. Science Magazine. Mar. 15, 2016 http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/03/update-why-week-s- man-versus-machine-go-match-doesn-t-matter-and-what-does • “For IBM’s CTO for Watson, not a lot of value in replicating the human mind in a computer.” by Frederic Lardinois (@fredericl), TechCrunch, Posted Feb 27, 2017. https://techcrunch.com/2017/02/27/for-ibms-cto-for- watson-not-a-lot-of-value-in-replicating-the-human-mind-in-a-computer/ • “Google and IBM: We Want Artificial Intelligence to Help You, Not Replace You” Most Powerful Women by Michelle Toh. Mar 02, 2017. Fortune. http://fortune.com/2017/03/02/google-ibm-artificial-intelligence/ • “Facebook scales back AI flagship after chatbots hit 70% f-AI-lure rate - 'The limitations of automation‘” by Andrew Orlowski. Feb 22, 2017. The Register https://www.theregister.co.uk/2017/02/22/facebook_ai_fail/ • “Microsoft is deleting its AI chatbot's incredibly racist tweets” by Rob Price. Mar. 24, 2016. Business Insider UK. http://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-deletes-racist-genocidal-tweets-from-ai-chatbot-tay-2016-3 Special Thanks: Soundtrack to 'Run Lola Run', 1998 German thriller film written and directed by Tom Tykwer, and starring Franka Potente as Lola and Moritz Bleibtreu as Manni. Soundtrack by Tykwer, Johnny Klimek, and Reinhold Heil
  • 60. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Even More Resources • “IBM’s Automated Radiologist Can Read Images and Medical Records” by Tom Simonite, February 4, 2016. Intelligent Machines, MIT Technology Review. https://www.technologyreview.com/s/600706/ibms-automated- radiologist-can-read-images-and-medical-records/ • “The IBM, Salesforce AI Mash-Up Could Be a Stroke of Genius” by Adam Lashinsky, Mar 07, 2017. Fortune. http://fortune.com/2017/03/07/data-sheet-ibm-salesforce/ • "Google can now tell you're not a robot with just one click" by Andy Greenberg. Dec. 3, 2014. Security: Wired. https://www.wired.com/2014/12/google-one-click-recaptcha/ • “Essentials of Machine Learning Algorithms (with Python and R Codes)” by Sunil Ray, August 10, 2015. Analytics Vidhya. https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2015/08/common-machine-learning-algorithms/ • IBM on Machine Learning https://www.ibm.com/analytics/us/en/technology/machine-learning/ • “At Davos, IBM CEO Ginni Rometty Downplays Fears of a Robot Takeover” by Claire Zillman, Jan 18, 2017. Fortune. http://fortune.com/2017/01/18/ibm-ceo-ginni-rometty-ai-davos/ • “Google and IBM: We Want Artificial Intelligence to Help You, Not Replace You” by Michelle Toh. Mar 02, 2017. Fortune. http://fortune.com/2017/03/02/google-ibm-artificial-intelligence/
  • 61. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Yes, even more resources • Video: “IBM Watson Knowledge Studio: Teach Watson about your unstructured data” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=caIdJjtvX1s&t=6s • “The optimist’s guide to the robot apocalypse” by Sarah Kessler, @sarahfkessler. March 09, 2017. QZ. https://qz.com/904285/the-optimists-guide-to-the-robot-apocalypse/ • “AI Influencers 2017: Top 30 people in AI you should follow on Twitter" by Trips Reddy @tripsy, Senior Content Manager, IBM Watson . February 10, 2017 https://www.ibm.com/blogs/watson/2017/02/ai- influencers-2017-top-25-people-ai-follow-twitter/ • “3 guiding principles for ethical AI, from IBM CEO Ginni Rometty” by Alison DeNisco. January 17, 2017, Tech Republic http://www.techrepublic.com/article/3-guiding-principles-for-ethical-ai-from-ibm-ceo-ginni-rometty/ • "Transparency and Trust in the Cognitive Era" January 17, 2017 Written by: IBM THINK Blog https://www.ibm.com/blogs/think/2017/01/ibm-cognitive-principles/ • "Ethics and Artificial Intelligence: The Moral Compass of a Machine“ by Kris Hammond, April 13, 2016. Recode. http://www.recode.net/2016/4/13/11644890/ethics-and-artificial-intelligence-the-moral-compass-of-a- machine
  • 62. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Last bit: I promise • "The importance of human innovation in A.I. ethics" by John C. Havens. Oct. 03, 2015 http://mashable.com/2015/10/03/ethics-artificial-intelligence/#yljsShvAFsqy • "Me, Myself and AI" Fjordnet Limited 2017 - Accenture Digital. https://trends.fjordnet.com/trends/me-myself-ai • "Testing AI concepts in user research" By Chris Butler, Mar 2, 2017. https://uxdesign.cc/testing-ai- concepts-in-user-research-b742a9a92e55#.58jtc7nzo • "CMU prof says computers that can 'see' soon will permeate our lives“ by Aaron Aupperlee. March 16, 2017. http://triblive.com/news/adminpage/12080408-74/cmu-prof-says-computers-that-can- see-soon-will-permeate-our-lives • “The business case for augmented intelligence” by Nancy Pearson, VP Marketing, IBM Cognitive. https://medium.com/cognitivebusiness/the-business-case-for-augmented-intelligence- 36afa64cd675#.qqzvunakw
  • 63. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Definition: Artificial Intelligence • Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence exhibited by machines. • In computer science, an ideal "intelligent" machine is a flexible rational agent that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of success at some goal.[1] Colloquially, the term "artificial intelligence" is applied when a machine mimics "cognitive" functions that humans associate with other human minds, such as "learning" and "problem solving".[2] • Capabilities currently classified as AI include successfully understanding human speech,[4] competing at a high level in strategic game systems (such as Chess and Go[5]), self-driving cars, and interpreting complex data. Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence#cite_note-Intelligent_agents-1
  • 64. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Definition: The Singularity • If research into Strong AI produced sufficiently intelligent software, it might be able to reprogram and improve itself. The improved software would be even better at improving itself, leading to recursive self-improvement.[245] The new intelligence could thus increase exponentially and dramatically surpass humans. Science fiction writer Vernor Vinge named this scenario "singularity".[246] Technological singularity is when accelerating progress in technologies will cause a runaway effect wherein artificial intelligence will exceed human intellectual capacity and control, thus radically changing or even ending civilization. Because the capabilities of such an intelligence may be impossible to comprehend, the technological singularity is an occurrence beyond which events are unpredictable or even unfathomable.[246] • Ray Kurzweil has used Moore's law (which describes the relentless exponential improvement in digital technology) to calculate that desktop computers will have the same processing power as human brains by the year 2029, and predicts that the singularity will occur in 2045.[246] Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence#cite_note-Intelligent_agents-1
  • 65. AI and ML Demystified / @carologic / MWUX2017 Definition: Machine Learning • Ability for system to take basic knowledge (does not mean simple or non-complex) and apply that knowledge to new data • Raises ability to discover new information. Find unknowns in data. • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_learning More Definitions: • Algorithm: a process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem- solving operations, especially by a computer. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm • Natural Language Processing (NLP): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language_processing

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. Exhibit intelligence Perceive their environment Take actions to maximize chance of success at a goal
  2. Metropolis (1927), 2001 Space Odyssey (1968), War Games (1983), Blade Runner (1982), The Terminator (1984), Short Circuit (1986), The Matrix (1999), Ex Machina (2015), More recently, The Terminator, Short Circuit, 2001 Space Odyssey, The Matrix, Metropolis, Westworld
  3. Take set of knowledge we give them and apply to new data Help humans discover patterns and find unknown
  4. Provide body of knowledge for ground-truth curated representative used to compare further knowledge
  5. Teaching Don’t learn like a typical human Only what they need to know
  6. Consider a reverse card sorting exercise 30 participants How important is it that they all get it right every time? Consider your industry
  7. Government safety compliance Accidents related to this tire? Financial compliance Accounts with connections to this organization? Ecommerce chat bot Women’s pants with pockets?
  8. When carefully (or not so carefully) piled books succumb to gravity Grew up with bookalanches occurring regularly Stepfather is an oncologist – would bring home piles of articles, papers, books and more. He reads everything he can get his hands on. He never stops trying to understand and fight cancer.
  9. Late stage of disease at diagnosis and lack of treatment
  10. Analyzes a patient’s medical information against a vast array of data and expertise to provide evidence-based treatment options. Saving some trees and reducing bookalanches
  11. IBM’s Deep Blue beat world chess champion Garry Kasparov in a 6 game match Google's AlphaGo beat human world Go champion Lee Sedol, 4:1
  12. Developed initially to answer Jeopardy! questions IBM's Watson named after IBM's first CEO, industrialist Thomas J. Watson.
  13. “Comparison of machine learning methods applied to birdsong element classification” by David Nicholson. Proceedings of the 15th Python in Science Conference (SCIPY 2016). http://conference.scipy.org/proceedings/scipy2016/pdfs/david_nicholson.pdf “Analysis of birdsong (for neuroscience or the many other fields that study this behavior) typically focuses on "syllables" or "notes", recurring elements in the song… Each individual has a unique song that bears some similarity to the song of the bird that tutored it, but is not a direct copy. To analyze song, experimenters label syllables by hand. Typically the experimenter records one bird at a time while carrying out a behavioral experiment. However, each songbird produces thousands of songs a day, more than can be labeled. In order to deal with this mountain of data, some labs have developed automated analyses.” David Nicholson trained a classifier on syllables of one bird’s song to automate labeling of those syllables (same bird). This was not to train a classifier to distinguish the song of one bird from another.
  14. Specialists spend more time on more complex patients IBM’s Avicenna software highlighted possible embolisms on this CT scan in green, finding mostly the same problems as a human radiologist who marked up the image in red.
  15. IBM Research Australia is working to help stop this ‘silent thief of sight’ by teaching Watson to detect it. After learning from 88,000 retina images, Watson can understand what a healthy eye looks like, and identify abnormalities that indicate of the onset of eye diseases like glaucoma. In the future, this early detection technology could help keep glaucoma out of sight for millions.
  16. Reorder Track shipments Chat with CSR http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20161025006273/en/Staples%E2%80%99-%E2%80%9CEasy-Button%E2%80%9D-Life-IBM-Watson “Simplifies the customers’ shopping experience, allowing them to quickly reorder supplies, track shipments or chat about customer service needs.” Staples “Easy Button” office supply reordering system which integrates IBM’s Watson technology to simplify office supply management for Staples Business Advantage Customers
  17. teach to discern between right and wrong? letter vs. spirit of law?
  18. The EU is more inclined to create hard laws that are enforceable. The EU General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, which will come into force in May 2018, is an excellent example. This framework creates certain transparency rights and safeguards against automated decision-making.  Article 22, for example, grants individuals the right to contest a completely automated decision if it has legal or other significant effects on them.  Other articles require data collectors such as advertisers to provide people with access to the collectors’ data on them, and to inform people about the general functionality of the automated system when decisions are made using that data.
  19. The Job: To read to large rooms of factory workers slaving away at remedial tasks for hours on end. Lectors were sometimes even hired with pooled money from the factory workers themselves for their entertainment. Who Did It: Well spoken gentlemen. Why It Went Away: A whole smorgasbord of reasons from the radio, to the Walk-Man, iPhones, iPods, podcasts... By Coy Jandreau - user uploaded image