Partial list of over 300 labeled and measured woody plants at Klehm Arboretum & Botanic Garden. http://klehm.org

1. Acer campestre, Hedge Maple
• Also known as field maple
• Fruit is a samara with two
winged seeds.
• Widely grown as an
ornamental tree in parks
and large gardens.
• The wood is white, hard and
strong, and used for
furniture, flooring, wood
turning and musical
instruments.
• There are over 30 known
cultivars of Acer campestre.
1

2. Acer griseum, Paperbark Maple
• Species of maple native to
central China
• Fruit being a paired samara
with two winged seeds
• Admired for its decorative
exfoliating bark
• Spectacular autumn foliage
which can include
red, orange and pink tones
2

3. Acer pensylvanicum,
Striped Maple (Moosewood)
• The young bark is striped with
green and white, and when a
little older, brown.
• Moosewood is an understory
tree of cool, moist forests.
• It is among the most shadetolerant of deciduous trees.
• Its shade tolerance makes it
difficult to control, as it is
often present in great
numbers in the understory.
Moosewood growing at the edge of a forest
with pine and hickory in the background
(Zena, New York)
3

4. Acer triflorum, Three-flower Maple
• Native to hills of northern China
• The flowers are yellow, produced
in small corymbs of three small
flowers each, hence the name.
• Even more than its
relatives, three-flower maple has
Spectacular fall color that may
include brilliant
orange, scarlet, purple and gold.
• It is one of the few trees to
develop good fall color in shade.
4

5. Acer circinatum, Oregon Vine Maple
• Native to western North America
• Always within 300 km of the
Pacific Ocean coast
• Most commonly grows as a large
shrub growing to around 5-8 m
tall, but it will occasionally form a
small to medium-sized tree
• Vine Maple trees can bend over
easily. Sometimes, this can cause
the top of the tree to grow into
the ground and send out a new Vine Maple samara
root system, creating a natural
arch.
Flower with reddish calyx and five short petals
5

6. Acer mandshuricum,
Manchurian Maple
• Native to China, Korea, and
Russia
• It is a slender deciduous tree
that reaches a height of up to
30 m tall but is usually smaller.
• Smooth, gray bark
• Rarely seen in cultivation
outside of arboreta
• Spectacular fall color that
includes pink and orange
tones
The leaves have a 7-10 cm petiole and three
leaflets; the leaflets are shortstalked, oblong, 5-10 cm (2-4 inches) long and
1.5-3 cm broad, with serrated margins, the
central leaflet the same size as or slightly larger
than the two side leaflets.
6

7. Acer henryi, Henry Maple
• Acer henryi is found in
botanical gardens but
otherwise is not widely
grown as an ornamental in
North America.
• Outstanding fall
color, ranging from deep
purples to brilliant reds
7

8. Acer maximowiczianum,
Nikko Maple
• Widely distributed in China and
Japan
• It is a slender deciduous tree that
reaches a height of 15–20 m but
is usually smaller.
• Dark gray to blackish bark
• It is rarely seen in cultivation
outside of arboreta.
• Parthenocaptic tendencies, i.e.
the natural or artificially induced
production of fruit without
fertilization of ovules. The fruit is
therefore seedless.
Foliage in autumn
8

9. Acer tegmentosum,
White Tigress Snakebark Maple
• Extremely bright white
markings along the stems
and branches
• Upright growing and narrow
when young, broadening
with age.
• Pale green 3-5 lobed leaves
emerge early in spring and
turn golden yellow in fall.
9

10. Acer japonicum, Japanese Maple
• Native to Japan and
southern Korea
• It is a small deciduous tree
growing to 5–10 m.
• In autumn, the leaves turn
bright orange to dark red.
• In cultivation, it is often only
a shrubby tree with multiple
trunks joining at groundlevel.
Autumn foliage of A. japonicum 'Acontifolium'
10

11. Amelanchier grandiflora ‘Autumn
Brilliance’, Serviceberry
• Common Name: apple
serviceberry
• Root suckers are common, and
if not removed, will result in a
shrubby growth habit for the
plant.
• Features 5petaled, showy, slightly
fragrant, white flowers in
drooping clusters
• Edible berries are
sweet, resembling blueberries
in size and color, and are often
used in jams, jellies and pies.
11

12. Xanthocyparis nootkatensis ‘Pendula’
Weeping Nootka Falsecypress
• Goes by many common names
including Nootka Cypress, Yellow
Cypress, and Alaska Cypress
• Nootka Cypress is native to the
west coast of North America.
• This species has been considered
to be one of the finest timber
trees in the world.
• Due to its slow growth it is hard
and, like other cypress woods it is
durable.
• One of the most desired sources
of heat on the west coast, a dead
tree can last up to 100 years for
firewood.
• Traditionally, paddles, masks, dish
es, and bows were made from
the wood.
Cultivated Specimens at Morton Arboretum
12

13. Celtis occidentalis, Hackberry
• The Common Hackberry is
easily distinguished from elms
and some other hackberries by
its cork-like bark with wart-like
protuberances.
• The leaves are distinctly
asymmetrical and coarsetextured.
• Instead of sending out seeds in
samaras like the elm, the
hackberry produces its seeds
as small
berries, hackberries, that are
eaten by a number of birds
and mammals.
• Hackberry's wood is soft and
rots easily, making the wood
undesirable commercially.
13

14. Prunus serotina, Black Cherry
• This cherry is native to eastern
North America
• Its black bark has the appearance
of very thick, burnt potato chips.
• It can also quickly be identified by
its long, shiny leaves resembling
that of a Sourwood, and by an
almond-like odor when a young
twig is scratched and held close
to the nose.
• The fruit is suitable for making
jam, cherry pies.
• The timber is valuable, perhaps
the premier cabinetry timber of
the U.S., traded as "cherry". The
grain is so smooth that pores can
be detected only with a
magnifying glass.
Black knot infection
14

15. Abies cephalonica, Greek Fir
• Native to the mountains of
Greece
• It is a medium-size
evergreen coniferous tree
growing to 25-35 m (rarely
40 m) tall and with a trunk
diameter of up to 1 m.
• The cones disintegrate
when mature to release the
seeds.
• It is one of the first conifers
to come to leaf in spring.
15

16. Euonymus europaeus,
European Spindletree
• Native to much of Europe from
Ireland and southern
Scandinavia in the north, to
northern Spain and Sicily in
the south, and as far east as
Lithuania, Asia Minor and up
to the Caucasus.
• The hermaphrodite flowers
are produced in late spring
and are insect-pollinated.
• The fruit is poisonous.
• European Spindle wood is very
hard, and can be cut to a very
sharp point; it was used in the
past for making spindles for
spinning wool.
16

17. Carya ovata, Shagbark Hickory
• Common hickory in the eastern
United States and southeast
Canada
• Young specimens have smooth
bark.
• Nut is edible and has a very sweet
taste.
• The Shagbark hickory is
monoecious (separate male and
female flowers on the same
plant).
• Shagbark hickory wood is used for
smoking meat and for making the
bows of Native Americans of the
northern area.
• The lumber is heavy, hard, tough
and has been employed for
implements and tools that
require strength.
17

18. Heptacodium miconioides,
Seven-son Flower
• It is endemic to China.
• It has white flowers that
attract butterflies.
18

19. Juniperus sabina ‘Von Ehron’,
Von Ehron Juniper
• Native to the mountains of
central and southern Europe
• It is a shrub, very variable in
shape, reaching 1–4 m tall.
• Juniperus sabina is a popular
ornamental shrub in gardens
and parks, with numerous
named cultivars selected.
• It is largely dioecious with
separate male and female
plants, but some individual
plants produce both sexes.
Foliage on a cultivated specimen
19

20. Thuja occidentalis, Arborvitae
• Evergreen coniferous tree, in the
cypress family
• Also known as Eastern Arborvitae
and Northern Whitecedar
• Widely cultivated for use as an
ornamental plant known as
American Arbor Vitae
• The bark is red-brown, furrowed
and peels in narrow, longitudinal
strips.
• Deer find the soft evergreen
foliage a very attractive winter
food, and strip it rapidly.
• White cedar is the preferred
wood for the structural
elements, such as ribs and
planking, of birchbark canoes and
the planking of wooden canoes.
Thuja occidentalis foliage and cones
20

21. Aesculus parviflora, Bottlebrush
Buckeye
• Native to open wodlands of
the SE United States
• Upright sprays of yellow
blossoms in May
• Member of Horsechestnut
family
• 5-7 leaflets of a leaf come
out from a single point of
attachment called palmately
compound
21

22. Aesculus hippocastanum
‘Baumanii’, European Horsechestnut
• Large deciduous tree
• The leaf scars left on twigs
after the leaves have fallen
have a distinctive horseshoe
shape, complete with seven
"nails".
• The common name horsechestnut is reported as having
originated from the erroneous
belief that the tree was a kind
of chestnut, together with the
observation that eating them
cured horses of chest
complaints.
A selection of fresh conkers
from a horse-chestnut. 22

23. Aesculus x carnea ‘Briotii’,
Red Horsechestnut
• Aesculus × carnea is a hybrid
between the Red Buckeye (A.
pavia) and the Common
Horse-chestnut (A.
hippocastanum).
• It is a popular tree in large
gardens and parks, most
commonly the selected
cultivar 'Briotii' (named in
1858 to honor Pierre Louis
Briot, the nurseryman at
Trianon-Versailles near
Paris, France), which has 10inch tall, deep rosy flowers
and matures as a smaller tree.
23

24. Aesculus pavia, Red Buckeye
• It has a number of local
names, such as scarlet
buckeye, woolly buckeye
and firecracker plant.
• The Red Buckeye is a large
shrub or small tree.
• The flowers are attractive
to hummingbirds as well
as bees.
University of Maryland
Arboretum
& Botanical Garden
on McKeldin Mall
with Aesculus pavia
A red flower stalk
Red Buckeye flowers
24

25. Aesculus octandra, Yellow Buckeye
• The flowers are produced in
panicles in spring, yellow to
yellow-green, each flower
2–3 cm long with the
stamens shorter than the
petals (unlike the related
Ohio Buckeye, where the
stamens are longer than the
petals).
• The fruit of the Yellow
Buckeye is poisonous to
humans but can be made
edible through a leaching
process.
Fruit and leaves of Aesculus Octandra
Leaf
Spring bud break
25

26. Aesculus glabra,
Ohio Buckeye
• The tree species Aesculus glabra is
commonly known as Ohio
buckeye, American buckeye, or fetid
buckeye. It derives its unflattering
common name from the disagreeable
odor generated from the
flowers, crushed leaves, broken
twigs, or bruised bark.
• The fruits contain tannic acid, and are
poisonous for cattle, and possibly
humans. Native Americans would
blanch them, extracting the tannic
acid for use in leather.
• The buckeye nuts can also be
dried, turning dark as they harden
with exposure to the air, and strung
onto necklaces. These are particularly
popular among Ohio State fans.
• The Ohio buckeye is the state tree of
Ohio
Dried Buckeye Nuts
Foliage and Fruit
26

27. Larix decidua, European Larch
• Native to the mountains of
central Europe
• The leaves are needlelike, light green, 2-4 cm long
which turn bright yellow
before they fall in the
autumn, leaving the pale
yellow-buff shoots bare European Larch
until the next spring.
in autumn color.
• The wood is tough and
durable, but also flexible in
thin strips, and is
particularly valued for yacht
building.
European Larch foliage
and cones
Young seed cones (red)
and pollen cones (yellow).
27

28. Larix laricinda, Tamarack
• Tamarack Larch, or Tamarack, or
Hackmatack, or American Larch
is a species of larch native to
northern North America and
Canada
• The Larch is a deciduous conifer.
The needles turn yellow in
autumn.
• Larch are commonly found in
swamps, bogs, and other lowland areas.
• The wood is tough and
durable, but also flexible in thin
strips, and was used by the
Algonquian people for making
snowshoes and other products
where toughness was required.
• Tamarack is very intolerant of
shade.
Tamarack Larch in fall colors, with Black Spruce
Tamarack Larch foliage and cones.
28

29. Toxicodendron radicans, Poison Ivy
• Toxicodendron radicans, better
known as poison ivy (older
synonyms are Rhus toxicodendron
and Rhus radicans), is a
poisonous North American plant.
• Poison ivy can be found growing
in any of the following three
Ground-level poison ivy
forms:
“Leaves of 3, let is be!”
– as a trailing vine that is 10–25 cm
tall (4 to 10 inches)
– as a shrub up to 1.2 m tall (4 feet)
– as a climbing vine that grows on
trees or some other support
• The following three
characteristics are sufficient to
identify poison ivy in most
situations: (a) clusters of three
leaflets, (b) alternate leaf
arrangement, and (c) lack of Poison ivy on a roadside
thorns.
Poison ivy vine with typical
reddish "hairs" (like leaves,
vines are extremely
poisonous to humans)
Toxicodendron radicans
29
or poison ivy

30. Juglans cineria, Butternut
• Juglans cinerea, commonly
known as Butternut or
White Walnut, is a species
of walnut native to the
eastern United States and
southeast Canada.
• The nuts are eaten by
humans and animals.The
nuts are usually used in
baking and making
candies, having an oily
texture and pleasant flavor.
• Oiled, the grain of the wood
usually shows much light. It
is often used to make
furniture, and is a favorite
of woodcarvers.
A mature Butternut tree
30

31. Platanus occidentalis, Sycamore
•
•
•
An American sycamore tree can often
be easily distinguished from other
trees by its mottled exfoliating
bark, which flakes off in great
irregular masses, leaving the surface
mottled, and greenish-white, gray
and brown, like a soldier’s
camouflage uniform.
The explanation is found in the rigid
texture of the bark tissue, which lacks
the elasticity of the bark of some
other trees, so it is incapable of
stretching to accommodate the
growth of the wood underneath and
the tree sloughs it off to expose the
inner bark.
The terms under which the New York
Stock Exchange was formed is called
the "Buttonwood
Agreement", because it was signed
under a buttonwood (sycamore) tree
at 68 Wall Street, New York City, in
1792.
Old sycamores can
have massive trunks
The characteristic bark
of an American Sycamore
A sycamore in winter.
31

32. •
•
•
•
•
•
Liriodendron tulipifera, Tuliptree
Commonly known as the tulip
tree, American tulip
tree, tuliptree, tulip poplar or yellow
poplar
Liriodendron tulipifera is one of two
species in the genus Liriodendron in the
magnolia family.
It is also called the tuliptree
Magnolia, or sometimes confusingly, by
the lumber industry, as the tulip poplar
or yellow poplar, although it is
unrelated to the poplars
The flowers are large, brilliant, greenish
yellow with dashes of red and
orange, and their resemblance to a tulip
very marked.
Native Americans so habitually made
their dugout canoes of its trunk that the
early settlers west of the Appalachian
Mountains called it Canoewood.
This tree species is a major honey plant
in the eastern United States, yielding a
dark reddish, fairly strong honey which
gets mixed reviews as a table honey but
Liriodendron tulipifera flower
is favorably regarded by bakers.
32

33. Phellodendrun amurense,
Amur Corktree
• It is a major source of
huáng bò, one of the 50
fundamental herbs used
in traditional Chinese
medicine.
• The Ainu people used this
plant, called shikerebeni, as a painkiller.
• Amur cork tree is
considered invasive in
many parts of North
America. The State of
Massachusetts lists it as a
noxious weed
Autumn Foliage
and Fruit
33

34. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ginkgo biloba, Ginkgo
Known as the Maidenhair Tree, is a unique
species of tree with no close living
relatives.
The old popular name "Maidenhair tree" is
because the leaves resemble some of the
pinnae of the Maidenhair fern.
The tree is widely cultivated and
introduced, since an early period in human
history, and has various uses as a food and
traditional medicine.
The leaves are unique among seed plants.
Ginkgos are dioecious, with separate
sexes, some trees being female and others
Ginkgo leaves in autumn
being male.
It is one of the best-known examples of a
living fossil, because Ginkgoales other than Ginkgo tree in autumn
G. biloba are not known from the fossil
record after the Pliocene.
Extreme examples of the Ginkgo's tenacity
may be seen in Hiroshima, Japan, where six
Ginkgo biloba
trees growing between 1–2 km from the
Eocene leaf
1945 atom bomb explosion were among
the few living things in the area to survive
34
the blast .The trees are alive to this day.

35. Acer nigrum, Black Maple
• Species of maple closely related
to A. saccharum (Sugar
Maple), and treated as a
subspecies of it by some
authors
• Identification can be confusing
due to the tendency of the two
species to form hybrids.
• The simplest and most accurate
method for distinguishing
between the two trees is the
three-lobed leaves of the Black
Maple versus the five-lobed
leaves of the Sugar Maple.
• This species is used similarly to
the A. saccharum, for timber
and for maple syrup
production.
Acer nigrum
35

36. Acer rubrum, Red Maple
• Acer rubrum (Red Maple, also
known as Swamp or Soft
Maple), is one of the most
common and widespread
deciduous trees of eastern
North America.
• It is best known for its brilliant
deep scarlet foliage in autumn.
• The buds of red maple and
other soft maples emerge
much earlier in the spring than
the sugar maple, and after
sprouting chemical makeup of
the sap changes, imparting an
undesirable flavor to the
syrup. Red maple can only be
tapped for syrup before the
buds emerge, making the
season very short.
Male flowers
36

37. Fagus monoecious, with
grandifolia, American Beech
• The tree is
flowers of both sexes on the
same tree.
• Like the European Beech
bark, the American Beech bark is
an attraction for vandals who
carve names, dates, gang
symbols, and other material into
it.
• Beech nuts were one of the
primary foods of the now-extinct
passenger pigeon, and the
clearing of beech and oak forests
are pointed to as one of the
major factors that may have
contributed to the bird's
extinction. The beech’s love for
good soil signaled to the settlers
that the land where it flourished
was rich and fertile. So American
Beeches were cleared away en
masse to make room for farms.
Foliage, Fagus grandifolia
37

38. Cercis canadensis, Redbud
• In some parts of southern
Appalachia, green twigs
from the Eastern redbud are
used as seasoning for wild
game such as venison and
opossum. Because of this, in
these mountain areas the
Eastern redbud is
sometimes known as the
spicewood tree.
• The redbud is the state tree
of Oklahoma.
• Native Americans
consumed redbud flowers
Carpenter bee
raw or boiled, and ate
(Xylocopa virginica)
roasted seeds.
on redbud flowers.
The flowers are
pollinated by
long-tongued bees
such as blueberry
bees and carpenter
bees. Short-tongued
bees apparently
cannot reach the
38
nectaries.

39. Abies lasiocarpa ‘Glauca’,
Blue Alpine Fir
• It is commonly found at and
immediately below the tree
line.
• The cones are erect, 6–
12 cm long, dark blackishpurple with fine yellowbrown pubescence, ripening
brown and disintegrating to
release the winged seeds in
early fall.
• The wood is used for
general structural purposes
and paper manufacture. It is
also a popular Christmas
tree.
39

40. Prunus serrulata,
Japanese Flowering Cherry
• Prunus serrulata or Japanese
Cherry; also called Hill
Cherry, Oriental Cherry or
East Asian Cherry, is a species
of cherry native to
Japan, Korea and China. It is
known for its spring cherry
blossom displays and festivals.
• The National Cherry Blossom
Festival is a spring celebration
in
Washington, D.C., commemora
ting the 1912 gift of Prunus
serrulata Japanese cherry
trees from Tokyo to the city of
Washington. They are planted
in the Tidal Basin Park.
Leaf close up
40

41. Abies homolepis, Nikko Fir
• Native to the mountains of
central and southern
Honshū and Shikoku, Japan
• The leaves are needlelike, flattened, glossy green
above, and with two white
bands of stomata
below, and rounded or
slightly notched at the tip.
• Nikko Fir wood is used for
general structural timber.
Outside of Japan, it is grown
as an ornamental tree in
northern Europe and North
America.
Foliage and cone
41

42. Abies lasiocarpa var. arizonica,
Rocky Mountain Fir
• The Corkbark Fir Abies
lasiocarpa var. arizonica
occurs in Arizona and
New Mexico. It differs in
thicker, corky bark and
more strongly glaucous
(frosted appearance)
foliage
• Cones on fir trees stand
upright like candles (on
other conifers the cones
hang down) and they
rapidly disintegrate.
42

43. Abies balsamea, Balsam Fir
• The balsam fir (Abies
balsamea) is a North American
fir.
• Both varieties of the species
are very popular as Christmas
trees, particularly in the
northeastern United states.
• The resin is used to produce
Canada balsam, and was
traditionally used as a cold
remedy and as a glue for
glasses, optical instrument
components, and for
preparing permanent mounts
of microscope specimens. The
wood is milled for framing
lumber,siding,and pulped for
paper manufacture. Balsam fir
oil is an EPA approved nontoxic
rodent repellent.
Tree
with cones
Foliage
43

44. Chionanthus virginicus,
White Fringetree
• Chionanthus virginicus (White
Fringetree) is a tree native to the
eastern United States, from New
Jersey south to Florida, and west to
Oklahoma and Texas.
• It is a deciduous shrub or small tree
growing to as much as 10–11 m
tall, though ordinarily less.
• Said to be Thomas Jefferson’s
favorite tree, it is covered by fleecy
panicles of white blossoms in late
May and early June. Female
blossoms produce dark ege shaped
fruit, called drupes, which are quite
noticeable in August.
• The dried roots and bark were used
by Native Americans to treat skin
inflammations.
Flowers
Foliage
Fruits
44

45. Picea asperata, Dragon Spruce
• Picea asperata (Dragon
Spruce is a spruce native to
western China
• It is a medium-sized
evergreen tree growing to
25-40 m tall, and with a
trunk diameter of up to 1.5
m.
• The species is currently not
listed as threatened, but
recently population numbers
have been declining due to
deforestation caused by the
Chinese logging industry.
• P. asperata is occasionally
grown as an ornamental tree
in Europe and North
Immature Picea asperata growing in the
America.
Jiuzhaigou Valley, Sichuan, China
45

46. Picea wilsonii, Wilson Spruce
• Picea wilsonii is a
species of conifer in the
Pinaceae family. It is
found only in China.
• Symmetrical form
which makes it
desirable as a Christmas
tree, but is slow
growing so is rarely
grown commercially
46

47. Betula pendula,
European White Birch
• Also known as silver birch
• Silver Birch is often planted
as a garden and ornamental
tree, grown for its white
bark and gracefully
drooping shoots, sometimes
even in warmer-thanoptimum places such as Los
Angeles and Sydney.
• Silver Birch is Finland's
national tree.
• Occasionally one uses
leafy, fragrant boughs of
Silver Birch to gently beat
oneself in a sauna.
Betula pendula 'Laciniata'
47

48. Betula nigra, River Birch
• Betula nigra (River Birch;
also occasionally called
Water Birch) is a species
of birch native to the
eastern United States
• It is commonly found in
flood plains and/or
swamps.
• Its bark is quite
distinctive, making it a
favored ornamental tree
for landscape use.
• Native Americans used the
boiled sap as a sweetener
similar to maple
syrup, and the inner bark
as a survival food.
Betula nigra bark
48

49. Picea meyeri, Meyers Spruce
• It is occasionally planted
as an ornamental tree; its
popularity is increasing in
the eastern United
States, where it is being
used to replace Blue
Spruce, which is more
disease-prone in the
humid climate there.
• It is virtually identical to
the Colorado Blue Spruce.
• It is closely related to the
Dragon Spruce from
western China.
49

50. Picea abies, Norway Spruce
• Norway Spruce (Picea abies) is a
species of spruce native to
Europe. It is also commonly
referred to as the European
Spruce.
• The Norway Spruce is one of the
most widely planted spruces.
• It is also widely planted for use as
a Christmas tree.
• Every Christmas, the Norwegian
capital city, Oslo, provides the
cities of New
York, London, Edinburgh and
Washington D.C. with a
Norwegian spruce, which is
placed at the most central square
of each city. This is mainly a sign
of gratitude for the aid these
countries gave during the Second
World War.
• The cones are 9–17 cm long (the
longest of any spruce).
These cones are the
models for cast-iron
weights on cuckoo
clocks.
50

51. Picea amorika, Serbian Spruce
• Deer-resistant and very
narrow, it achieves a
two-tone look from the
silvery undersides of its
blue-green needles.
• Best in rich, deep
soil, this exceedingly
slow-growing tree is
very easy to care for.
• Columnar and only
needs a 10 or 12 foot
square area.
51

52. Gleditsia triancanthos var. inermis,
Thornless Honeylocust
• Spread is usually equal
to height.
• Some trees become
nearly flat-topped.
• Use maybe should be
tempered in light of
past overuse and urban
monoculture of
honeylocust.
• These plants do not
produce thorns of their
stems
52

53. Gymnocladus dioicus,
Kentucky Coffeetree
• Europeans first encountered
it in Kentucky.
• When spring comes, it gives
no apparent recognition of
light and warmth until
nearly every other tree is in
full leaf.
• Is considered a rare tree
species
• Native Americans and early
Europeans used the beans
from the pods as an inferior
substitute for real coffee.
Pods
53

54. Thuja occidentalis, White Cedar
• Thuja occidentalis (Eastern
Arborvitae, Northern
Whitecedar) is an evergreen
coniferous tree, in the cypress
family Cupressaceae, which is
widely cultivated for use as an
ornamental plant known as
American Arbor Vitae.
• The foliage of Thuja occidentalis
is rich in Vitamin C and is
believed to be the annedda
which cured the scurvy of
Jacques Cartier and his party in
the winter of 1535–1536.
• White cedar is the preferred
wood for the structural
elements, such as ribs and
planking, of birchbark canoes
and the planking of wooden
canoes.
Thuja occidentalis
foliage and cones
54

55. Parrotia persica, Persian Perrotia
• Closely related to the genus
Hamamelis (Witch-hazels)
• It is native to northern
Iran, where it is endemic in
the Alborz mountains.
• The bark is smooth, pinkishbrown flaking/peeling to
leave
cinnamon, pink, green, and
pale yellow patches.
• It is cultivated as an
ornamental tree for its
stunning autumn color and
the smooth, patterned bark.
The tree's many branches
and distinctive colored bark
55

56. Hamamelis vernalis ‘Autumn Embers’,
Vernal Witchhazel
• It is a deciduous large shrub
growing to 4 m
tall, spreading by
stoloniferous root sprouts.
• The flowers are deep to
bright red, rarely yellow and
blooms in early spring
(name comes from lingering
autumn colors).
• The fruit is a hard woody
capsule 10–15 mm
long, which splits
explosively at the apex at
maturity one year after
pollination, ejecting the two
shiny black seeds up to 10
m distant from the parent
New foliage,
spent flowers
Flowers and old
seed capsules
56

57. Hamamelis virginiana,
Common Witchhazel
• Hamamelis virginiana is a
species of Witch-hazel
native to eastern North
America, from Nova Scotia
west to Minnesota, and
south to central Florida to
eastern Texas.
• It is a deciduous large shrub
growing to 6 m (rarely to 10
m) tall, with a dense cluster
of stems from the base.
• The flowers are pale to
bright yellow blooming in
late fall.
• The forked twigs of Witch
Hazel are preferred as
divining rods.
Leaves and flowers
leaf closeup
57

58. Liquidambar stryaciflua,
American Sweetgum
•
•
•
•
•
It is recognizable from its
combination of five-pointed starshaped leaves and spiked fruit.
A popular ornamental tree in North
America
The earliest record of the tree
appears to be in a Spanish work by F.
Hernandez, published in 1651, in
which he describes it as a large tree
producing a fragrant gum resembling
liquid amber, hence the name.
The fruit, popularly nicknamed a
"space bug", "monkey
ball", "bommyknocker", "bir
ball", "gumball", "conkleberry", "cuko
o-bir" or "sticky ball", is a
hard, dry, globose, compound fruit
2.5–4 cm in diameter and composed
of numerous (40-60) capsules.
The autumnal coloring is not simply a
flame, it is a conflagration; in reds
and yellows it equals the maples.
5-pointed star
shaped leaves
Mature "monkey ball“
after seed dispersal
58

59. •
•
•
•
•
•
Tilia spp, Basswood or Linden
Tilia is a genus of about 30 species of
trees.
They are generally called lime in
Britain and linden or basswood in
North America.
The leaves of all the Tilia species are
heart-shaped and most are
asymmetrical, and the tiny
fruit, looking like peas, always hang
attached to a curious, ribbonlike, greenish yellow bract, whose use
seems to be to launch the ripened
seed-clusters just a little beyond the
parent tree.
One way to identify a basswood is
the presence of “sisters” around the
base of the tree.
It is a popular wood for model
building and intricate carving.
Basswoods are very important honey
plants for beekeepers, producing a
very pale but richly flavored
monofloral honey, perhaps the best
flavored honey in the Midwest.
Tilia
tomentosa
Tilia leaf
Flowers
59

60. Acer ginnala, Amur Maple
• Acer ginnala is a deciduous
spreading shrub or small tree
growing to 3-10 m tall, with a
short trunk up to 20-40 cm
diameter and slender branches.
• Amur Maple is closely related to
Acer tataricum (Tatar Maple), and
some botanists treat it as a
subspecies A. tataricum subsp.
Ginnala.
• Acer ginnala is grown as an
ornamental plant in northern
regions of Europe and North
America, where it is the most
cold-tolerant maple, hardy to
zone 2.
• It is a nonnative invasive species
in parts of northern America.
• It is also valued in Japan and
elsewhere as a species suitable
for bonsai.
Amur Maple foliage
60

61. Quercus alba, White Oak
• White oak is our Illinois state tree.
• It is one of the pre-eminent
hardwoods of eastern North
America.
• It is identified by the strong
branches that grow at right angles
to the trunk and the distinctive
lobed leaves that do not have
Being the subject of a
bristles at the end. The autumn
legend as old as the
leaves, although brown, are often
colony itself, the
retained throughout the winter, so
Charter Oak of Hartford,
if you see a tree in winter in
Connecticut is one of the
northern Illinois that still has
leaves on it, it is likely an oak.
most famous white oaks
in America. The tree now
• The bark is usually light grey.
makes up the reverse
• It was a signature wood used in
side of the Connecticut
mission style oak furniture by
Gustav Stickley in the Craftsman
state quarter.
style in the Arts and Crafts
Bark on a large trunk.
movement.
61

62. Quercus rubra, Northern Red Oak
• Often simply called "red
oak", northern red oak is formally
so named to distinguish it from
southern red oak (Q.
falcata), also known as the
Spanish oak.
• Northern red oak is easy to
recognize by its bark, which
feature bark ridges that appear to
have shiny stripes down the
center, and is the only oak with
the striping all the way down the
trunk.
• The northern red oak is one of
the most important oaks for
timber production in North
America. The wood is of high
value.
• Red oak wood grain is so open
that smoke can be blown through
it from end-grain to end-grain on
a flat-sawn board.
Detail of
mature bark
62

63. Quercus bicolor, Swamp White Oak
• A medium-sized tree of the
north central and northeastern
mixed forests. It has a very
large range, and can survive in
a variety of habitats.
• It is not found where flooding
is permanent, although it is
usually found in broad stream
valleys, low-lying fields, and
the margins of lakes, ponds, or
sloughs.
• It is one of the more important
white oaks for lumber
production.
• In recent years, the swamp
white oak has become a
popular landscaping
tree, partly due to its relative
ease of transplanting.
Morton
Arboretum
acc. 71-69-2
Swamp White
Oak leaves
63

64. Quercus imbricaria, Shingle Oak
• It is distinguished from
most other oaks by its
leaves, which are
shaped like laurel
leaves.
• In the past, the wood
was important for
making shingles, from
which the name
derives.
64

65. Rhus typhina, Staghorn Sumac
• The Staghorn Sumac (Rhus
typhina, synonym: R. hirta) is a
deciduous shrub to small tree in the
Cashew family, native to eastern
North America.
• Staghorn sumac is dioecious, and
large clumps can form with either
male or female plants.
• The fruit of staghorn sumac is one of
the most identifiable
characteristics, forming dense clusters
of small red drupes at the terminal
end of the branches. This fruit was
picked and crushed in water by Native
Americans to make “Indian
tea”, which some say resembles
cranberry juice.
• The leaves and berries of staghorn
sumac have been mixed with tobacco
and other herbs and smoked by
Native American tribes. This practice
continues to a small degree to this
65

66. Rhus glabra, Smooth Sumac
• One of the easiest shrubs to
identify throughout the year
(unless mistaken for Rhus
vernix, poison sumac, in the
absence of mature fruit)
smooth sumac has a
spreading, open-growing
shrub growing up to 3 m
tall, rarely to 5 m.
• The flowers are
tiny, green, produced in dense
erect panicles 10-25 cm tall, in
the spring, later followed by
large panicles of edible
crimson berries that remain
throughout the winter.
Rhus glabra fruit
66

67. Metasequoia glyptostroboides,
Dawn Redwood
• A fast-growing, critically
endangered deciduous
conifer tree
• Although shortest of
the redwoods, it grows
to at least 200 ft (61 m)
in height.
• Thought to be extinct, it
was rediscovered in the
1940’s in China.
Mature female cones
Dawn Redwood
foliage- note
opposite
arrangement
67

68. Pinus aristata, Bristlecone Pine
• Pinus aristata, the Rocky
Mountain Bristlecone Pine, is
a very slow growing (1” in
diameter in 100 years) species
of pine native to the United
States.
• There is a living tree in Arizona
which is documented as being
a seedling back when the
Egyptians were building the
pyramids!
• It is usually found at very high
altitudes
• It has highly characteristic
small white resin flecks
appearing on the needles
which look a bit like 'dandruff'
on the needles, is diagnostic of
Pinus aristata; no other pine
Needles with the typical resin flecks
shows it.
68

69. Pinus sylvestris, Scotch Pine
• Pinus sylvestris is an
evergreen coniferous tree
• It is the national tree of
Scotland, and it formed much
of the Caledonian Forest
which once covered much of
the Scottish Highlands.
• It has been widely used in the
United States for the
Christmas tree trade, and was
one of the most popular
Christmas trees from the
1950s through the 1980s. It
remains popular for that
usage, though it has been
eclipsed in popularity, by such
species as Fraser Fir, Douglasfir, and others.
Leaves (‘needles’)
and cones
69

70. Pinus resinosa, Red Pine
• In the Upper Midwest of the
United States it is sometimes
known as the Norway Pine tree.
• Red Pine is an evergreen tree
characterized by tall, straight
growth in a variety of habitats.
• The bark is thick and gray-brown
at the base of the tree, but
thin, flaky and bright orange-red
in the upper crown; the tree's
name derives from this
distinctive character.
• Some red color may be seen in
the fissures of the bark. Red Pine
is self pruning; there tend not to
be dead branches on the
trees, and older trees may have
very long lengths of branchless
trunk below the canopy.
Cone (scale in cm)
Pollen cones of
Pinus resinosa in spring
70

71. Pinus strobus, Eastern White Pine
• It is occasionally known as simply
White Pine, Northern White
Pine, or Soft Pine.
• The leaves ('needles') are in
fascicles (bundles) of five (rarely 3
or 4), with a deciduous sheath.
• White pine forests originally
covered much of northeastern
North America.
• The eastern white pine has the
distinction of being the tallest
tree in eastern North America.
• Because the tree is somewhat
resistant to fire, mature survivors
are able to re-seed burned areas.
In pure stands mature trees
usually have no branches on the
lower half of the trunk.
• During the age of sail, tall white
pines with high quality wood
were known as mast pines.
Native white pine, Sylvania
Wilderness, Michigan
Closeup of Bark
P. strobus cone
71

72. Viburnum prunifolium, Blackhaw
• Viburnum prunifolium
(known as
blackhaw, Blackhaw
Viburnum, sweet haw, or
Stag Bush), is a species of
Viburnum native to
southeastern North America.
• It is a deciduous shrub or
small tree growing up to 15
feet tall and 8 to 12 feet wide
(2–9 m tall) with a short
crooked trunk and stout
spreading branches.
• For centuries, black haw has
been used for medical
purposes, mainly for
gynecological conditions. The
bark is the part of the plant
used in treatments.
Foliage
Flowers
72

73. Virburnum rufidulum,
Southern Blackhaw
• Viburnum
rufidulum, also known
as the Rusty
Blackhaw, is a flowering
species of shrub or
small tree that is
common in parts of the
Eastern and Central
United States.
Rusty hairs on the leaf
underside are a diagnostic
characteristic of this species.
73

74. Viburnum lentago, Nannyberry
• Also known as Sheepberry, or
Sweet Viburnum
• It is a large shrub or small tree
growing upwards to 30 ft (9 m)
tall with a trunk up to ~10
inches (25 cm) diameter and a
short trunk, round-topped
head, pendulous, flexible
branches.
• Like all viburnums, the leaves
are arranged in opposite pairs
on the twigs.
• As suggested by the
alternative name Sweet
Viburnum, the fruit is (unlike
that of many Viburnums)
edible.
74

75. Quercus palustris, Pin Oak
• Also known as the Swamp
Spanish oak. The specific name
palustris means "of swamps".
• When older, some upper
branches become quite large and
the central leader is lost, while
the lower branches gradually
droop downwards.
• A characteristic shared by a few
other oak species, and also some
beeches and hornbeams, is the
retention of leaves through the
winter on juvenile tissue.
• The name "pin oak" is possibly
due to the many small, slender
twigs, but may also be from the
historical use of the hard wood
for pins in wooden building
construction.
75

76. Chamaecyparis pisifera ‘Filifera’,
Threadleaf Sawara Falsecypress
• Species of false cypress, native to
central and southern Japan
• The bark is red-brown, vertically
fissured and with a stringy
texture.
• It is grown for its timber in
Japan, where it is used as a
material for building
palaces, temples, shrines and
baths, and making coffins.
• It is also a popular ornamental
tree in parks and gardens.
• It has a scaley, golden foliage that
is string-like in form. The latter
trait is the reason for the
designation, "Filifera," which is
Latin for "thread-bearing"; so in
all this confusion of
names, "threadleaf," at
least, should be easy to
76

77. Pinus nigra, Austrian Pine
• Also known as the
European Black Pine
• The bark is grey to yellowbrown, and is widely split by
flaking fissures into scaly
plates, becoming
increasingly fissured with
age.
• In the United States
European Black Pine is
planted as a street tree, and
as an ornamental tree in
gardens and parks. Its value
as a street tree is largely
due to its resistance to salt
spray (from road deicing
salt).
Foliage and cone of subsp. nigra
Bark
closeup
77

78. Picea pungens,
Colorado Blue Spruce
• Native and widely
occurring in the
montane zone of the
central and southern
Rocky Mountains.
Commonly planted as
an ornamental.
• The blue spruce is the
State Tree of Utah and
Colorado.
Mature cone
Immature
cone
78

79. Juniperus communis,
Common Juniper
• It has the largest range of any
woody plant.
• Juniperus communis is a shrub or
small tree, very variable and
often a low spreading shrub, but
occasionally reaching 10 m tall.
• The cones are used to flavor gin.
In fact, the word 'gin' is derived
from the French word for juniper
berry, genièvre, which is the
name for gin in France.
• Juniper berries have long been
used as medicine by many
cultures. Native Americans used
them as a herbal remedy for
urinary tract infections.
Juniperus communis subsp. communis
in the Netherlands
Foliage and berries
79

80. Juniperus chinensis ‘Pfitzerana’,
Pfitzerana Juniper
• J. chinensis is a popular
ornamental tree or shrub in
gardens and parks, with
over 100 named cultivars
selected for various
characters.
• The hybrid between
Juniperus chinensis and
Juniperus sabina, known as
Juniperus × pfitzeriana
(Pfitzer Juniper, synonym J.
× media), is also very
common as a cultivated
plant. It is only ever a
shrub, never a tree, making
it suitable for smaller
80

81. Gleditsia triacanthos,
Common Honeylocust
• Honey locusts commonly
have thorns 3–10 cm long
growing out of the
branches. These thorns are
thought to have evolved to
protect the trees from
browsing Pleistocene
megafauna.
• The fruit of the Honey
locust is a flat legume (pod)
that matures in early
autumn. The name derives
from the sweet taste of the
legume pulp, which was
used for food by Native
American people, and can
also be fermented to make
beer.
A honey locust in Washington state show its
fall color.
Unripe honey
locust pods
81

82. Quercus velutina, Black Oak
• The eastern black oak or more
commonly known as simply
black oak, is an oak in the red
oak group of oaks.
• It is a common tree in the
Indiana Dunes and other
sandy dunal ecosystems along
the southern shores of Lake
Michigan.
• Black oak is well known to
readily hybridize with other
members of the red oak
(Quercus sect. Lobatae) group
of oaks being one parent in at
least a dozen different named
hybrids.
• Has bristles at the ends of the
leaf lobes
82

83. Fraxinus holotricha,
Moraine Ash
• Native to the Balkans
• Its craggy bark is
distinctive.
• Has winged seeds, like
maples, called samaras
• The wood of ash is
prized for its suppleness
and flexibility, and is
used in the
manufacture of
furniture, sports
equipment, and tool
handles.
83

84. Prunus sargentii, Sargent Cherry
• Prunus sargentii, commonly
known as Sargent's
cherry, North Japanese hill
cherry, Ezo mountain
cherry or Big mountain
cherry in Japan, is a species
of cherry native to
Japan, Korea, and Sakhalin
(Russia).
• The tree one of the hardiest
cherries and can be easily
transplanted. This makes
the tree suitable for use as a
street tree.
• Its bark is a rich polished
reddish to chesnut brown.
Sargent's cherry in Rendeux (Belgium).
84

85. Fagus sylvatica,
European Beech
• The European Beech or
Common Beech, is a
deciduous tree belonging to
the beech family Fagaceae.
• It is a large tree, capable of
reaching heights of up to
49 m (160 ft) tall and 3 m
(10 ft) trunk
diameter, though more
typically 25–35 m (80–
115 ft) tall and up to 1.5 m
(5 ft) trunk diameter.
• It is frequently kept clipped
to make attractive hedges.
European Beech
shoot with nut
cupules
85

86. Magnolia acuminata,
Cucumbertree Magnolia
• The cucumber magnolia or
blue magnolia, is one of the
largest magnolias, and one
of the cold-hardiest.
• Unlike most magnolias, the
flowers are not showy. They
are typically small, yellowgreen, and borne high in
the tree in April through
June. Up to 10” long leaves
• The name Cucumber tree
comes from the unripe
fruit, which is green and The fruit of Magnolia acuminata
often shaped like a small
cucumber.
86

87. Magnolia tripetala,
Umbrella Magnolia
• Magnolia
tripetala, commonly called
Umbrella magnolia or simply
Umbrella-tree, is a deciduous
tree native to the
southeastern United States in
the Appalachian Mountains
region.
• These trees are attractive and
easy to grow. The leaves turn
yellow in the autumn. The
Cultivated specimen
leaves can be up to 20” long.
at Morton Arboretum
• The flowers are large, 15-25
cm diameter, with six to nine
creamy-white petals and a
large red style, which later
develops into a red fruit 10 cm
long, containing several red
seeds.
Immature fruit.
Immature fruit
and leaf details.
87

88. Cornus alternifolia,
Pagoda Dogwood
• Also known as alternateleaved Dogwood, is a species
of dogwood native to eastern
North America.
• The branches develop
characteristic horizontal layers
separated by gaps, with a flattopped crown.
• The tree is regarded as
attractive because of its wide
spreading shelving branches
and flat-topped head, and is
often used in ornamental
plantings.
• Daggers were made from the
hard wood so the name
daggerwood eventually
became dogwood.
Flowers
Fruits
88

89. Cornus florida,
Flowering Dogwood
• Flowering dogwood is a small
deciduous tree growing to 10 m
(33 ft) high, often wider than it
is tall when mature, with a trunk
diameter of up to 30 cm (1 ft). A
10-year-old tree will stand
about 5 m (16 ft) tall.
• Other old names now rarely
used include American
Dogwood, Florida
Dogwood, Indian
Arrowwood, Cornelian
Tree, White Cornel, False
Box, and False Boxwood.
• The hard, dense wood has been
used for products such as golf
club heads, mallets, wooden
rake teeth, tool
handles, jeweler’s boxes and
butcher’s blocks.
Flowering Dogwood with white blossoms
Flowering Dogwood
in fall with fruit
89

90. •
Quercus macrocarpa,
the Bur Oak, sometimes Bur Oak
spelled Burr Oak, is a species
of oak in the white oak section
Quercus sect. This plant is also
called Mossycup oak and
Mossycup white oak. The
acorns are the largest of any
North American oak
• One of the most massive oaks
with a trunk diameter of up to
3 m (10 ft); It is also a fireresistant tree.
• Heavy nut crops are borne
only every few years. In this
strategy, known as
Winter form showing
masting, the large seed crop
characteristic spreading
every few years overwhelms
branches
the ability of seed predators to
eat the acorns, thus ensuring
the survival of some seeds.
Acorns
90