what are the layers of the Earth?
what are at least 3 characteristics of each Earth layer?
Even though scientists cannot travel into the various layers of the earth how do they infer what the structure of the Earth is? Provide 3 examples or more
3. Learning Objectives
8-3
The student will demonstrate an
understanding of materials that determine the
structure of the Earth and the processes that
have altered this structure.
8-3.1
Summarize the three layers of Earth – crust,
mantle, and core – on the basis of relative
position, density, and composition.
4. Essential Information
• The Earth has layers that have specific conditions
(states) and composition (made up of).
5. Summary of Earth’s Layers
Copy Table into Notebook
Layer Relative Position Density Composition
Crust Outermost layer;
thinnest under the
ocean, thickest
under continents;
crust and top of
mantle called the
lithosphere
Mantle
Core
6. Summary of Earth’s Layers
Copy Table into Notebook
Layer Relative Position Density Composition
Crust Outermost layer;
thinnest under the
ocean, thickest
under continents;
crust and top of
mantle called the
lithosphere
Mantle Middle layer,
thickest layer; top
portion called the
asthenosphere
Core
7. Summary of Earth’s Layers
Copy Table into Notebook
Layer Relative Position Density Composition
Crust Outermost layer;
thinnest under the
ocean, thickest
under continents;
crust and top of
mantle called the
lithosphere
Mantle Middle layer,
thickest layer; top
portion called the
asthenosphere
Core Inner layer, consists
of two parts – outer
core and inner core
8. Summary of Earth’s Layers
Copy Table into Notebook
Layer Relative Position Density Composition
Crust Outermost layer; Least dense layer
thinnest under the overall; Oceanic
ocean, thickest crust (basalt) is
under continents; more dense than
crust and top of continental crust
mantle called the (granite)
lithosphere
Mantle Middle layer,
thickest layer; top
portion called the
asthenosphere
Core Inner layer, consists
of two parts – outer
core and inner core
9. Summary of Earth’s Layers
Copy Table into Notebook
Layer Relative Position Density Composition
Crust Outermost layer; Least dense layer
thinnest under the overall; Oceanic
ocean, thickest crust (basalt) is
under continents; more dense than
crust and top of continental crust
mantle called the (granite)
lithosphere
Mantle Middle layer, Density increases
thickest layer; top with depth because
portion called the of increasing
asthenosphere pressure
Core Inner layer, consists
of two parts – outer
core and inner core
10. Summary of Earth’s Layers
Copy Table into Notebook
Layer Relative Position Density Composition
Crust Outermost layer; Least dense layer
thinnest under the overall; Oceanic
ocean, thickest crust (basalt) is
under continents; more dense than
crust and top of continental crust
mantle called the (granite)
lithosphere
Mantle Middle layer, Density increases
thickest layer; top with depth because
portion called the of increasing
asthenosphere pressure
Core Inner layer, consists Heaviest material;
of two parts – outer most dense layer
core and inner core
11. Summary of Earth’s Layers
Copy Table into Notebook
Layer Relative Position Density Composition
Crust Outermost layer; Least dense layer Solid Rock – mostly
thinnest under the overall; Oceanic silicon and oxygen
ocean, thickest crust (basalt) is Oceanic crust –
under continents; more dense than basalt;
crust and top of continental crust Continental crust –
mantle called the (granite) granite
lithosphere
Mantle Middle layer, Density increases
thickest layer; top with depth because
portion called the of increasing
asthenosphere pressure
Core Inner layer, consists Heaviest material;
of two parts – outer most dense layer
core and inner core
12. Summary of Earth’s Layers
Copy Table into Notebook
Layer Relative Position Density Composition
Crust Outermost layer; Least dense layer Solid Rock – mostly
thinnest under the overall; Oceanic silicon and oxygen
ocean, thickest crust (basalt) is Oceanic crust –
under continents; more dense than basalt;
crust and top of continental crust Continental crust –
mantle called the (granite) granite
lithosphere
Mantle Middle layer, Density increases Hot softened rock;
thickest layer; top with depth because contains iron and
portion called the of increasing magnesium
asthenosphere pressure
Core Inner layer, consists Heaviest material;
of two parts – outer most dense layer
core and inner core
13. Summary of Earth’s Layers
Copy Table into Notebook
Layer Relative Position Density Composition
Crust Outermost layer; Least dense layer Solid Rock – mostly
thinnest under the overall; Oceanic silicon and oxygen
ocean, thickest crust (basalt) is Oceanic crust –
under continents; more dense than basalt;
crust and top of continental crust Continental crust –
mantle called the (granite) granite
lithosphere
Mantle Middle layer, Density increases Hot softened rock;
thickest layer; top with depth because contains iron and
portion called the of increasing magnesium
asthenosphere pressure
Core Inner layer, consists Heaviest material; Mostly iron and
of two parts – outer most dense layer nickel; outer core –
core and inner core slow flowing liquid,
inner core, solid
14.
15.
16.
17. How can you use your hands to remember the layers of the Earth?
27. • Solid Rock – mostly silicon and oxygen
• Oceanic basalt
• Continental granite
28. • Mostly iron and nickel; outer slow flowing
liquid, inner part, solid
29. Solid Rock – mostly
silicon and oxygen
Oceanic crust – basalt;
Continental crust –
granite
Hot softened rock;
contains iron and
magnesium
Mostly iron and nickel;
outer core – slow flowing
liquid, inner core, solid
30.
31.
32.
33. Layers of the Earth Project
Directions:
1. Accurately label the layers of the Earth
– Include the relative position
– Density
– composition
2. Include at least 3 major features for each Earth layer
37. The lithosphere is a "rocky“ rigid outermost shell of a rocky planet.
On Earth, it comprises the crust and the portion of the upper mantle
that behaves elastically on time scales of thousands of years or more.
38. Asthenosphere - is a portion of the upper mantle just below the lithosphere that
is involved in plate tectonic movements. The asthenosphere is a highly viscous,
mechanically weak deforming region, but pressures keeps it like a thick soupy
plastic. The Asthenosphere has a relatively low density so Seismic waves pass
relatively slowly through the asthenosphere compared to the overlying
lithosphere.
39.
40.
41.
42. Geologists Notebook:
Digging Through Earth
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=AF8AEACA-F326-442B-A837-546E77BD2358&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US
43. PoP- Layers of the Earth
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q9j1xGaxYzY
44. • The chart below shows data about the Earth's layers.
What information can be concluded from the information in the chart?
A. The temperature of the earth increases as you go deeper into the earth
B. The density of the earth gets greater as you go deeper into the earth
C. The temperature of the earth decreases as you go deeper into the earth
D. The density of the earth decreases as you go deeper into the earth
45. Use the table below to answer the following question:
The table above describes the layers of the Earth. Which
of the following correctly labels these layers?
A. Layer A = Core ; Layer B = Crust ; Layer C = Mantle
B. Layer A = Mantle ; Layer B = Core ; Layer C = Crust
C. Layer A = Core ; Layer B = Mantle ; Layer C = Crust
D. Layer A = Crust ; Layer B = Mantle ; Layer C = Core
46. Which of the following statements is true about
Earth’s crust?
A. It is thicker under the continents than under the
ocean.
B. It is more dense than other layers.
C. It is the only layer where gravity exists.
D. It is the origin of the earth’s magnetic field.
47. Which of the following inferences help scientists
conclude Earth's magnetic poles are constantly
changing?
A. Earth contains a magnetic liquid.
B. Earth contains very dense solids.
C. Earth contains a magnetic solid.
D. Earth contains a very dense liquid.
48. Assessment Checklist
Summarize major points about the layers of Earth
Generalize major points about the crust
Generalize major points about the mantle
Generalize major points about the core of Earth
Compare the layers of the Earth
Classify and sequence the layers using
information
Identify each layer according to its properties
49. What does this evidence suggest
about Earth’s Structure?
50.
51.
52. My Model
Crust
Oceanic
Mantle Asthenosphere
crust
Outer core
Inner
core
lithosphere