Presented by Lini Wollenberg (CCAFS, Low emissions development) on 10 July 2019. It was part of the webinar Can we reduce GHG emissions from livestock? A feasibility and investment study from East Africa. This is part of a webinar series presenting recent land use and climate research by the CGIAR and supported by USAID’s Office of Global Climate Change. A recording of the webinar can be found on CCAFS youtube channel: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security.

1. Agenda
Topic Presenter
Time
(minutes)
Introduction of series Noel Gurwick USAID Office of
Global Climate Change
0-2
Livestock in East Africa: An overview Lini Wollenberg, CGIAR
Research Program on Climate
Change, Agriculture and Food
Security (CCAFS), University of
Vermont (UVM)
2-7
8-10
Low emissions investment options for the dairy
sector: the case of improved fodder production
Polly Ericksen, International
Livestock Research Institute
(ILRI)
11-25
Understanding pathways toward low emissions
livestock: Evidence from Kenya and Tanzania
Todd Crane, ILRI 26-35
Questions for panelists Facilitated by Julianna White,
CCAFS and UVM
36-57
Please put your questions in the question box

2. July 9, 2019 USAID Webinar Series
Can we reduce GHG emissions from livestock?
Overview of the livestock sector in
East Africa
Lini Wollenberg, CCAFS

3. Livestock in East Africa: By the Numbers
2X growth of regional
population and calories per person
by 2050, with increasing demand
for meat and dairy
In EA11 to 45%
of of GDP is from livestock
70% of cash income is
generated from livestock
132million cattle in East Africa
9% of global cattle
population of 1.5 billion
Sources: FAOSTAT, Goopy 2017, Otte et al. 2019
Million
cattle
Percent of
total
Ethiopia 61 46%
Kenya 18 14%
Uganda 15 11%
Tanzania 26 9%
South Sudan 12 20%
Eastern Africa 132

4. Kenya milk yields by cow http://www.fao.org/3/a-i7348e.pdf

5. Sources: FAO, FAOSTAT, Goopy 2017,
Otte et al. 2019
Eastern Africa contributes
9% of global
livestock emissions
Emissions are 2-6X
higher than other regions
of Sub-Saharan Africa
49% increase in
livestock emissions in East
Africa 1990 -2010
70% of emissions in Sub-Saharan Africa are
from livestock, mostly cattle.

6. Livestock in the UNFCCC
Nationally Determined Contributions (2017)

7. Feasible low emissions development options for
livestock in East Africa• Improved forage for animal feed reduces
emission intensity by
• 8–24% on intensive and semi-intensive
dairy farms in Kenya,
• as much as 27% in mixed systems in
Ethiopia.
• Biodigesters reduce manure emissions by
• 60–80% in intensive dairy farms of 4+
cows.
• Improved manure storage reduces emissions
up to
• 90%.
• Reducing chronic disease
• reduces emission intensity due to
increased productivity, though rates depend
on the disease.
• Reducing slaughter age while improving
feed
quality reduces emission intensity by
• 40% for sheep and goats,
http://cgspace.cgiar.org/rest/bitstreams/
151418/retrieve

8. Trade-offs: Feed and land use change for cattle
• Kenya has pledged to reduce GHG emissions by 30% by 2030.
• Improving forage quality (Napier grass) and dairy concentrate
supplements,
 reduces emission intensities by 26%–31%,
 also partially achieves the national milk productivity target for 2030 by
38%–41%,
 shows high feasibility given the availability of arable land.
• In contrast, maize silage in cattle diets increases emissions up to
10X from the land conversion required to grow more maize.
Brandt et al. 2018
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-
9326/aaac84/pdf

9. Delivering results: livelihoods and mitigation
• Barriers: initial cost, poor information available to farmers and
extension services, a lack of public and private sector incentives,
adaptation priorities
• Women face additional constraints: lack of ownership rights and
decision-making power, role confined to informal markets, and
other factors.
Best practice guide to socially and gender inclusive low emissions
development in livestock Katie Tavenner and Todd A. Crane 2016
Social inclusion indicators (examples)
• Gender of who in the household is registered with the producer
organization/hub)
• Gender of who in the household delivers the milk
• Number of women in leadership positions/are board members
Source: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/publications/best-practice-guide-socially-and-gender-
inclusive-development-kenyan-intensive-dairy#.XSU0ui3MzEY

10. Climate finance opportunities
Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAS)
Green Climate Fund (GCF)
Portfolio of over USD 5.23 billion with 111 projects in 99
developing countries.
Kenya Dairy NAMA is under preparation
• 430K farmers
• 8.80 MtCO2e mitigation via
• Increased dairy productivity
• Energy efficiency in milk processing
• Household biogas adoption