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Housing: A time to buy
By Dr. David Kelly and David Lebovitz
The greatest struggle facing many financial advisors is over-
coming investor emotion.
The Market Insights program is designed to provide our financial
advisor partners with a way to address the markets and the
economy based on logic rather than emotion, enabling their
clients to make rational investment decisions. To learn more, visit
us at www.jpmorganfunds.com/mi.


Dr. David Kelly, CFA      Dr. David Kelly is the Chief Market Strategist for J.P. Morgan Funds.
Managing Director         With more than 20 years of experience, David provides valuable
Chief Market Strategist   insight and perspective on the markets to thousands of financial
J.P. Morgan Funds         advisors and their clients.
                          Throughout his career, David has developed a unique ability to
                          explain complex economic and market issues in a language that
                          financial advisors can use to communicate to their clients. He is a
                          keynote speaker at many national investment conferences. David is
                          also a frequent guest on CNBC and other financial news outlets and
                          is widely quoted in the financial press.



David M. Lebovitz         David M. Lebovitz is a Market Analyst on the J.P. Morgan Funds
Market Analyst            U.S. Market Strategy Team. In this role, David is responsible for
J.P. Morgan Funds         supporting the team’s Market Strategists in delivering timely market
                          and economic insight to clients across the country. Since joining the
                          team, David has primarily focused on enhancing the group’s fixed
                          income research efforts.




                                                                                                  1
MARKET
INSIGHTS




                                                Foreword
Table of contents                               With the debt crisis in Europe still unresolved and economic
Housing: A time to buy                          growth in the U.S. sluggish, the capital markets continue to
Foreword                                p. 2    exhibit elevated volatility. However, this does not mean that
Collapse and consequences               p. 3
                                                no investment opportunities exist. Although the U.S.
Measures of value                       p. 4
Supply, demand and inventories          p. 7    housing market remains extremely depressed, we believe
Housing market attitudes                p. 10   that given current valuations and demographic dynamics,
The implications of a housing rebound   p. 12
                                                now may be the time to consider an investment in housing.
                                                Few financial manias in history have had as devastating an economic impact
                                                as the American real estate bubble of the 2000s. From soaring boom
                                                to dismal and continuing bust, it has shipwrecked the financial plans of
                                                millions of American families, led to an absolute collapse in the construction
                                                industry and, through the magic of modern financial leverage, led to the
                                                biggest global recession since World War II. A few years ago, most Americans
                                                believed that there was no better long-term investment than owning
                                                your own home. Today, many regard home ownership as a financial ball
                                                and chain.
                                                But while the change in attitudes has been dramatic, so has the change in
                                                the numbers themselves. Years of falling prices and falling mortgage rates
                                                have made home buying more affordable than it has been in decades.
                                                Moreover, home prices look downright cheap, not only from the perspective
                                                of mortgage rates and income, but also relative to the cost of renting or the
                                                cost of constructing a new home.
                                                Meanwhile, continued population growth, combined with lender and borrower
                                                caution, has increased pent-up demand. While the inventory of homes both
                                                on the market and in foreclosure remains high, minimal home building over
                                                the past three years is gradually eating into this stockpile, a process that could
                                                quickly accelerate with any pickup in demand.
                                                Home prices play a crucial role in determining household wealth and shaping
                                                consumer confidence. In addition, any revival in home building could provide
                                                a much-needed boost to overall economic growth and employment. However,
                                                beyond the implications for the macroeconomy and financial markets, the
                                                numbers on housing have an important message for American families today,
                                                and particularly younger families setting out on life’s great adventure: Five
                                                years ago, at the peak of the home-buying euphoria, it was emphatically a
                                                time to rent. Today, when home ownership is depreciated more than ever
                                                before, the numbers tell us it is a time to buy.




2
Housing: A time to buy
Collapse and consequences
The sad saga of the U.S. housing crash is now so well known that it seems almost cruel to rehash
the details. Many observers at the time realized that too many houses were being built, home
prices were rising too quickly and lending standards were being dangerously compromised in
fueling the bubble. While there is much more to the story, the bottom line is that by January
2006, U.S. housing starts reached a peak of just under 2.3 million units annualized, about 50%
higher than the average level of starts over the past 50 years, while the price of the average,
existing single-family home was up 47% in just five years. Something had to give, and it did — in
a big way.
Since then, the collapse in housing has been of historic proportions, amplified by the financial
crisis of 2008. Some numbers can help put this in perspective:
	 	     • In almost 50 years, from January 1959 to September 2008, the lowest annualized
          rate of housing starts recorded for any month was 798,000, and the average rate was
          more than 1.5 million units. Since January 2009, the highest rate recorded for any
          month has been 687,000, and the average rate has been just 575,000.
	 	     • From their peak in late 2005, nationwide median existing single-family home prices
          have fallen by 29% in nominal terms and by 37% relative to inflation.
	 	     • Since the first quarter of 2006, the value of home equity has fallen from $13.5 trillion
          to $6.2 trillion, a 54% decline.
All of this has had a profound impact on the economic environment, investment environment
and even the psychological outlook of Americans.
	 	     • Since the start of the recession in December 2007, construction employment
          nationwide has fallen by 1.9 million jobs, or 30% of the 6.6 million jobs lost. This from
          a sector that even at its peak only ever accounted for 5.7% of U.S. jobs. However,
          even this understates the impact of the housing slump on employment, as it ignores
          the ancillary industries that have been impacted by the decline in housing, along
          with all the employment effects caused by the impact of a collapse in housing market
          wealth, confidence and the stock market.
	 	     • Since the middle of 2006, home building has fallen from 5.9% of nominal GDP to
          just 2.2%.




                                                                                                      3
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                                                	 	             • Falling home prices have also had a profound impact on consumer confidence.
                                                                  Statistical work over the last decade suggests that a 10% change in year-over-
                                                                  year average existing home prices tends to move the consumer sentiment
                                                                  index by approximately 6.4 index points in the same direction, even after
                                                                  accounting for feed-though effects of housing on the stock market and
                                                                  employment. For reference, the consumer sentiment index was at a level of 57.5
                                                                  in early October 2011, almost 30 points lower than its average level of the last
                                                                  40 years.
                                                	 	             • Perhaps most important, declining home prices have undermined the confidence
                                                                  of both lenders and borrowers, impeding any healthy recovery in housing and
                                                                  restraining a rebound elsewhere within the economy.

                                                Measures of value
                                                While no one should understate the pain and destruction caused by the bursting of the housing
                                                bubble, it has had one undeniable effect: Across a wide range of measures, it has left the
                                                United States with its cheapest housing market in decades.

    CHART A: Median home price of existing single-family home as a %                                                  One of the simplest measures is just to
    of personal income per household                                                                                  look at home prices relative to average
    Percent, seasonally adjusted                                                                                      household income. The chart to the left
                                                                                                                      shows the relationship between average,
    260%
                                                                                                                      per-household personal income1 and
    240%                                                                                                              home prices over the years. Since 1966,
                                                                                                                      the median price of an existing single-
    220%                                                                                                              family home in the U.S. has varied
                                                                                                                      between 150% and 251% of personal
    200%
                                                                                                                      income per household. However, roughly
    180%                                                                                                              three-quarters of the time it has been in
                                                                                                                      a relatively narrow band between 185%
    160%
                                                                                                                      and 230%. In September 2011, the ratio
                                                                                   September 2011*: 153%
    140%                                                                                                              was just 153%, implying that to get back
        ’66     ’69    ’72   ’75   ’78    ’81       ’84   ’87    ’90   ’93   ’96   ’99   ’02   ’05   ’08   ’11        to an average price to income ratio, home
    Sources: Census, National Association of Realtors, BEA, J.P. Morgan Asset Management.                             prices would have to rise by about 27%.
    *September 2011 is a J.P. Morgan Asset Management estimate.




                                                1
                                                Unlike most consumer spending, because of the mortgage interest deduction on federal taxes, it is more appropriate to measure
                                                housing affordability relative to pre-tax rather than disposable (after-tax) income.
4
However, price is only part of the story. Economic malaise, bond market complacency and the
active intervention of the Federal Reserve have reduced mortgage rates to their lowest level
in modern history. During the week of October 7, Freddie Mac reported that mortgage rates
had fallen to an average annual level of 3.94%. Assuming the use of a fixed rate mortgage
with 20% down, this would make the
median mortgage payment on a single-           CHART B: Median mortgage payment as a % of personal income per
                                               household
family existing home just 6.9% of per          Percent, seasonally adjusted
household personal income, compared
with an average of 14.4% since 1966.            30%
This is not to imply that home prices
would have to double to get to “normal”         25%
levels — any revival in housing will likely
                                                20%
push mortgage rates higher along with
home prices. However, it does emphasize
                                                15%
the potential long-term financial gain
for those who buy much-cheaper-than-
                                                10%
average housing while also locking in
much-cheaper-than-average long-term              5%
                                                                                                   September 2011*: 6.9%
financing.                                          ’66 ’69 ’72 ’75 ’78 ’81 ’84 ’87 ’90 ’93 ’96 ’99 ’02 ’05 ’08 ’11

A third way to look at home valuations is                     Sources: Census, Federal Reserve, BEA, J.P. Morgan Asset Management.
                                                              *September 2011 is a J.P. Morgan Asset Management estimate. These numbers are lower than the Guide to
to look at the cost of renting versus the                     the Markets p21 due to the use of median existing single family home prices, rather than average new
cost of owning. Since the late 1980s, as                      single family home prices.

part of the Current Population Survey2,
the Census Bureau has asked the owners
of vacant properties whether they are                        CHART C: Monthly rent vs. monthly mortgage payment
trying to rent or sell the property and,                     Vacant properties
depending on that answer, what they
are asking for rent or asking as a sale
price for the property. Assuming a
20% down payment and prevailing 30-                                                                                              Monthly
                                                                                                                                 Mortgage
year mortgage rates, this allows us to                                                                                           Payment                      3Q11*:
                                                                                                                                                               $694
calculate the monthly mortgage payment
necessary to buy the median vacant home
and compare it to the cost of renting the
median house or apartment. As shown
                                                                                                                                                        3Q11*: $590
in the bottom chart to the right, from                                                                          Monthly Rent
the start of 1988 to the start of 2005,
these two numbers tracked each other
very closely, with the implied median
mortgage payment just 5% higher than
median rent. However, in 2005 the
housing market began to soar and by mid




2
This monthly survey is used, among other things, to calculate the monthly unemployment rate.
                                                                                                                                                                       5
MARKET
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                                                 2007, the implied median mortgage payment was about 50% higher than the asking rent.
                                                 Then housing began its long swoon, and by the third quarter of this year, we estimate that the
                                                 implied median mortgage payment had fallen to just 78% of the median asking rent. In other
                                                 words, at current mortgage rates, home prices would have to rise by 35% just to get back to
                                                 their average relationship to rents.
                                                 A fourth way to look at home pricing is to look at home pricing relative to the cost of construction
                                                 — a sort of price-to-book ratio for the housing market. The price of any home can be divided
                                                 into two separate components — what it would cost to rebuild the house itself from scratch,
                                                 and the implied value of the land on which it is located. Ongoing work conducted by the Lincoln
                                                 Institute of Land Policy and the University of Wisconsin decomposes the value of U.S. housing
                                                 into these two pieces3. On average, since 1975, U.S. residential real estate has been worth
                                                 about 55% more than the cost of rebuilding it — that is to say, land has represented about a
                                                 third of the total value of residential property. In the housing boom, home prices rose much
                                                 faster than construction costs so that by the middle of 2005, the value of houses was implicitly
                                                 twice what it cost to build them, as is shown in the chart below.
                                                                                                                   Of course, this was tremendously
    CHART D: Ratio of home building to home buying
    Aggregate market value of homes divided by replacement cost of
                                                                                                                   encouraging to builders, since, if they
    residential structures                                                                                         could get their hands on a piece of vacant
                                                                                                                   land at any reasonable price and put up
    2.0                                                                                                            a house, they could walk away with a
     1.9                                                                                                           healthy profit.
                                                                                                                   Since then, like practically every other
     1.8
                                                                                                                   number in the housing market, the
     1.7                                                                                                           implicit value of land has plummeted,
                                                                                                                   even as the costs of labor, cement, lumber,
     1.6      Average: 1.55
                                                                                                                   and so on have risen. Consequently, by
     1.5                                                                                                           the third quarter of 2011, the estimated
                                                                                                                   value of the U.S. housing stock was only
     1.4
                                                                                                                   26% higher than the cost of constructing
     1.3                                                                                                           it4. In some metropolitan areas, existing
                                                                                                  3Q11: 1.26
     1.2
                                                                                                                   home prices have fallen so much relative
       1975          1980          1985          1990          1995         2000          2005          2010       to construction costs that building, rather
     Sources: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, University of Wisconsin, Federal Reserve, J.P. Morgan              than buying, would only seem logical
     Asset Management.                                                                                             if the land could be bought for close to
                                                                                                                   nothing.
                                                 While this is a big part of the reason why home building has ground to a halt in many
                                                 metropolitan areas, it should be somewhat comforting for current home buyers and home
                                                 owners. Given that builders can’t actually buy land for a song, in many cities, home prices will
                                                 have to rise before there is any significant increase in supply.




                 3
                  See David, Morris A and Jonathan Heathcote, 2007, “The Price and Quantity of Residential Land in the United States,” Journal of Monetary Economics,
6                 Vol. 54 (8), p. 2595-2620. Data located at Land and Property Values in the U.S., Lincoln Institute of Land Policy http://www.lincolninst.edu/resources/
                 4
                  Using Lincoln Institute data from 1975:1 to 2011:1 and extrapolating based on construction cost and home price data through 2011:3
Supply, demand and inventories
On a variety of measures, U.S. home prices look very low. This, in itself, does not guarantee
that they are about to turn. However, trends in supply, demand and inventories strongly point
to rising home prices in the years ahead.
First, on the supply side, the great
housing bust of the late 2000s has                           CHART E: Total housing starts
reduced home building to a shadow of its                     Thousands, seasonally adjusted
former self. Perhaps the most dramatic
statistic is illustrated in the chart to the                  3000
right, which shows total U.S. housing
                                                              2500
starts at a seasonally adjusted annual
rate from 1959 to today. Prior to 2008,
                                                              2000                                 Average: 1485
there had not been a single month in
almost 50 years when housing starts had
                                                              1500
fallen below 798,000. Since the start of
2009, there has not been a single month                       1000
where starts have exceeded 687,000.
This extraordinarily low rate of                500
                                                                                                                      September 2011: 658
construction looks even more dramatic
when normal housing depreciation is               0
                                                    ’59    ’63       ’67   ’71     ’75  ’79   ’83 ’87   ’91   ’95   ’99   ’03   ’07    ’11
considered. Over the past decade, the
total stock of housing in the United States    Sources: Census, J.P. Morgan Asset Management.

has risen by 13.5 million units. However,
we know that 15.4 million homes have been completed, so a net 1.9 million units, or 190,000
per year, have been destroyed by fire, natural disasters, and so on. Given this, the current
construction rate of roughly 575,000 units per year implies an annual increase in the housing
stock of just 385,000 units.
On the demand side, normal demographic trends should still be building pent-up demand.
In the last decade from 2000 to 2009, the U.S. population grew by an average of 2.8 million
people per year, with natural population growth contributing approximately 1.7 million people
and immigration adding about one million. In addition, over the same period, an average of
2.2 million couples got married each year5. All of these numbers have fallen somewhat in the
recession of 2008-2009 and its aftermath, as couples have postponed marriage, families have
postponed having children, and immigration has been discouraged by the lack of jobs. However,
even if births, immigration and marriages have all been depressed by the slow economy, they
all likely still imply a much stronger pace of home building than currently exists.




5
Based on data from the Census Bureau and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
                                                                                                                                             7
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                                      The top chart to the left shows the relationship between annual population growth and
                                      housing starts over the past 50 years. While home-building numbers are much more volatile
                                      than demographic ones, on average over this period, the U.S. has seen 600 homes started
                                      for every 1,000 person increase in the population, or a ratio of 0.6 homes per person. Given
                                                                                          estimated population growth of 2.46
    CHART F: Ratio of housing starts to population growth                                 million people in the 12 months ending
    1961 – 2010, housing starts per every 1,000 person increase in population, annual     in August 2011, this relationship today
                                                                                          would suggest total housing starts of 1.4
     1100                                                                                 million units compared to the 572,000
                                                                                          starts that actually occurred6. Moreover,
      900                                                                                 it is also worth noting that at least when it
                                                                                          comes to marriages and births, decisions
                                                                                          to postpone may also be generating a
      700
                                                       Average: 600                       pent-up demand, which will be expressed
                                                                                          as the economy gradually improves.
     500
                                                                                                           Given these statistics on supply and
                                                                                                           demand, it seems almost inevitable that
     300                                                                                                   the inventory of unsold homes must be
                                                                                                           falling. It is — but it still has a long way
                                                                                               2010: 223
     100                                                                                                   to go.
           ’61   ’65         ’69   ’73   ’77        ’81   ’85    ’89      ’93   ’97      ’01   ’05   ’09
                                                                                                           The bottom chart to the left shows the
    Sources: Census, BEA, J.P. Morgan Asset Management.                                                    total number of new and existing homes
                                                                                                           for sale in the United States from 1996
                                                                                                           to today. From the mid 1990s to the mid
    CHART G: Housing inventories
                                                                                                           2000s the number was fairly steady
    Combined new and existing home sales, millions, seasonally adjusted
                                                                                                           at about 2.5 million units. However, as
       5                                                                                                   the housing bubble grew, so did the
                                                                                                           pace of home building, which naturally
                                                                                                           outstripped the demographic growth in
                                                                                                           demand; by the summer of 2007, the total
      4                                                                                                    number of homes on the market peaked
                                                                                                           at just under 5 million units.
                                                                                      August 2011: 3.6mm

       3




       2
        ’96            ’98         ’00         ’02         ’04          ’06       ’08          ’10
      Sources: Census, National Association of Realtors, J.P. Morgan Asset Management.




                                                6
                                                 Data are as of August 2011.
8
Since then, inventories have been on a painfully slow drift downward as a drop in demand offset
much of the impact of the collapse in home building. However, by August of this year, combined
new and existing homes listed for sale had fallen to 3.6 million units, having completed roughly
70% of the journey back to normal.
Many have argued correctly that even this
excessive level of inventories understates                    CHART H: Total homes for sale
the problem, as there are millions of                         Listed homes and unlisted foreclosures, millions, seasonally adjusted
homes today in foreclosure that are
                                                                 8
not yet listed as being for sale. Data
from the Mortgage Bankers Association                            7
can be used to estimate the number
                                                                 6
of homes in foreclosure, which today                                       Homes listed for sale
stands at roughly 2.2 million units7. It is                      5         Unlisted foreclosed homes
estimated that approximately a third of
                                                                 4
these are in fact listed for sale, so adding
unlisted foreclosures to the number of                           3
homes actually listed for sale boosts the                        2
inventory of homes for sale, as well as
diminishes the progress made in cutting                          1
into this during the past four years.                            0
                                                                 1991              1994         1997           2000             2003           2006           2009
Some further argue that the problem of
foreclosures will only get worse, as there                       Sources: Census, MBA, BLS, J.P. Morgan Asset Management.
is a backlog of pending foreclosures
that is being suppressed by litigation
                                                              CHART I: Percent of mortgages +90 days delinquent
and legislation aimed at preventing
                                                              All mortgage loans with installments 90 or more days past due, sa
foreclosures. However, while such a
backlog may well exist, it should be noted
                                                               6%
that mortgages issued since the bursting
of the housing bubble are much less                            5%
problematic, and that the percentage
of mortgages 90 days+ delinquent (a                            4%
reliable precursor to foreclosure) is
actually falling.                                                                                                                                                   2Q11:
                                                               3%                                                                                                   3.6%

                                                               2%


                                                               1%


                                                               0%
                                                                     ’79     ’82      ’85     ’88       ’91      ’94      ’97      ’00       ’03        ’06   ’09
                                                               Sources: MBA, J.P. Morgan Asset Management.




7
This calculation uses the number of mortgages outstanding according to the BLS Consumer Expenditure Survey, foreclosures as a percent of total loans,
housing inventories and assumes that 30% of foreclosed properties are listed as for sale.                                                                                   9
MARKET
INSIGHTS




                                               Housing market attitudes
                                               Given all of this, why have home prices not already begun to recover?
                                               Part of the problem is simply one of attitudes and expectations. In a recent poll8, just 13% of
                                               Americans expected the price of their home to go up in the next year, and just 36% thought
                                               it would go up over the next five. Unfortunately, this poll wasn’t conducted prior to 2009.
                                               However, a similar survey in 2006 showed that fully 81% expected the value of their home to
                                               increase in the future9.
                                                                                                               The attitude of lenders is also a barrier.
 CHART J: Will home prices be higher a year from now?                                                          While the wild-west lending standards of
 Percent of respondents                                                                                        the mid 2000s undoubtedly fueled the
                                                                                                               housing bubble, in its aftermath, banks
     45%
                                                                                         Sep. 2011: 40%        have become very cautious. This can
                        Up
     40%                                                                                                       be seen in the chart on the bottom left,
                        Down
                                                                                                               which looks at the loan to price ratio on
     35%
                                                                                                               conventional, single-family mortgages
     30%                                                                                                       since 1990. This ratio has fallen sharply
                                                                                                               since its 2007 peak, reflecting the
     25%                                                                                                       reluctance of banks to make loans on the
                                                                                                               scale that they had during the housing
     20%
                                                                                         Sep. 2011: 13%        bubble.
     15%

     10%
       Apr ’09          Oct ’09      Mar ’10          Aug ’10           Jan ’11     May ’11          Sep ’11
     Sources: Rasmussen Reports, J.P. Morgan Asset Management.


 CHART K: Loan to price ratio on conventional, single-family
 mortgages
 All homes, percent
     82%


     80%


     78%


     76%


     74%
                                                                                         2010: 74.0%
     72%


     70%
        1990     1992       1994    1996       1998    2000      2002      2004   2006        2008    2010
     Sources: FHFA, J.P. Morgan Asset Management.




                                               8
                                                Survey completed September 15-16, 2011 by Rasmussen Reports.
                                               9
10                                              Survey by Pew Research Center, December 6, 2006
A heavy overhang of foreclosures is a reminder of the dangers of easy lending, and a waft of
litigation associated with foreclosures is, not surprisingly, limiting the desire of banks to lend
to anyone who might, in the future, default. New regulations are reducing bank profitability
in certain areas, forcing banks to raise capital, and generating uncertainty about business
conditions for banks in the years ahead. Finally, the Federal Reserve’s policy of reducing long-
term interest rates, while making mortgages more attractive to borrowers, are also making
them much less attractive to lenders by squeezing net interest margins and increasing the risk
of loss once the Federal Reserve finally allows long rates to rise.
However, having said all of this, in both economics and finance, direction can be as important
as levels. As shown in the chart to the right, lending tightened in the aftermath of the housing
bubble, but since then banks have been gradually easing lending standards despite a very
unfavorable Washington environment.
In the decision to buy a home, as in any
investment decision, it is very important       CHART L: Mortgage lending standards
to distinguish between levels and               Net percent of banks reporting tighter mortgage lending standards
changes. Home prices, housing demand
                                                 100%
and home building are very low, but
they all seem set to increase. Housing           80%
inventories remain too high, but they
                                                 60%                                                                              Household Mtg
are on a downward trend. And while
                                                                                                                                  Prime Mtg
the attitudes of both home buyers and            40%                                                                              Nontraditional Mtg
home lenders remain very cautious,
they should become less so in the years          20%
ahead.
                                                  0%

                                                 -20%

                                                 -40%
                                                     ’90     ’92    ’94    ’96    ’98     ’00    ’02      ’04   ’06   ’08   ’10
                                                Sources: Federal Reserve, J.P. Morgan Asset Management.




                                                                                                                                                       11
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           The implications of a housing rebound
           If the housing market does begin to recover, what could this mean for the economy? The short
           answer is: a lot.
           First, on average, over the last 50 years, home building has accounted for 4.5% of U.S. GDP,
           while in the second quarter it accounted for merely 2.2%. If it took five years for housing to
           return to that average level, then home building alone would directly add almost 0.5% to real
           GDP growth each year. Moreover, on average, over the last 50 years, U.S. housing starts have
           amounted to 1.491 million units per year. In every month since April 2007, starts have fallen
           short of this number, with a cumulative shortfall relative to this average of now 3.3 million
           houses. Moreover, a steady five-year climb back to this level from the current starts rate of
           658,000 would result in a further cumulative shortfall of 1.2 million units relative to normal
           demand, potentially pushing inventory levels to well below their long-term averages.
           In addition, a rebound in home prices would have a dramatic impact on household net worth.
           Housing is a leveraged investment. As mentioned earlier, even ignoring today’s super-low
           mortgage rates, home prices would have to rise by roughly 27% from current levels to get back
           to their average relationship to average household income. If this took five years and average
           household income grew by 4% per year over that period of time, then home prices would
           rise by roughly 55% over the next five years. However, since home equity now represents just
           40% of home prices, an increase of 55% would more than double the housing wealth of U.S.
           households.
           Rising home prices should also help lending in the economy in general, as they would reduce
           foreclosures and the reserves that banks need to hold against potentially bad loans. Moreover,
           more lender confidence about the state of the housing market should lead to a more general
           easing of lending standards back to more normal levels.
           However, perhaps most important would be the general effect on confidence of a rebound in
           U.S. housing. For years, the purchase of a home was a point of celebration, a first solid building
           block for a family’s financial future. The optimism that embodies this has been sadly lost in
           recent years, and the fretful pessimism that has replaced it has discouraged risk taking across
           all dimensions. When housing recovers, it should improve the public mood, spurring more
           spending, more hiring and more investing. While housing has always been central to improving
           family fortunes, today, more than ever before, it is central to a recovery in the nation’s. That is
           why it is important for America to realize that when it comes to housing, now is a time to buy.




12
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                              Contact J.P. Morgan Funds Distribution Services Inc. at 1-800-480-4111 for a fund prospectus. You can also visit us at
                              www.jpmorganfunds.com. Investors should carefully consider the investment objectives and risks as well as charges and
                              expenses of the mutual fund before investing. The prospectus contains this and other information about the mutual fund. Read
                              the prospectus carefully before investing.

                              The information in this brochure is intended solely to report on various investment views held by J.P. Morgan Asset Management.

                              Opinions, estimates, forecasts, and statements of financial market trends that are based on current market conditions constitute our
                              judgment and are subject to change without notice. We believe the information provided here is reliable but should not be assumed
                              to be accurate or complete. The views presented are subject to change. The views and strategies described may not be suitable for all
                              investors. References to specific securities, asset classes and financial markets are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended
                              to be, and should not be interpreted as, recommendations. This brochure is for informational purposes only and is not intended as an
                              offer or solicitation with respect to the purchase or sale of any security. The information in this brochure is not intended to provide and
                              should not be relied on for investment recommendations. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

                              J.P. Morgan Asset Management is the marketing name for the asset management businesses of JPMorgan Chase & Co. Those businesses
                              include, but are not limited to, J.P. Morgan Investment Management Inc., Security Capital Research & Management Incorporated and J.P.
                              Morgan Alternative Asset Management, Inc.

                              JPMorgan Distribution Services, Inc., member FINRA/SIPC

                              © JPMorgan Chase & Co., October 2011

                              WP-MI-HOUSING




NOT FDIC INSURED | NO BANK GUARANTEE | MAY LOSE VALUE

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Marketinsights housing

  • 1. Housing: A time to buy By Dr. David Kelly and David Lebovitz
  • 2.
  • 3. The greatest struggle facing many financial advisors is over- coming investor emotion. The Market Insights program is designed to provide our financial advisor partners with a way to address the markets and the economy based on logic rather than emotion, enabling their clients to make rational investment decisions. To learn more, visit us at www.jpmorganfunds.com/mi. Dr. David Kelly, CFA Dr. David Kelly is the Chief Market Strategist for J.P. Morgan Funds. Managing Director With more than 20 years of experience, David provides valuable Chief Market Strategist insight and perspective on the markets to thousands of financial J.P. Morgan Funds advisors and their clients. Throughout his career, David has developed a unique ability to explain complex economic and market issues in a language that financial advisors can use to communicate to their clients. He is a keynote speaker at many national investment conferences. David is also a frequent guest on CNBC and other financial news outlets and is widely quoted in the financial press. David M. Lebovitz David M. Lebovitz is a Market Analyst on the J.P. Morgan Funds Market Analyst U.S. Market Strategy Team. In this role, David is responsible for J.P. Morgan Funds supporting the team’s Market Strategists in delivering timely market and economic insight to clients across the country. Since joining the team, David has primarily focused on enhancing the group’s fixed income research efforts. 1
  • 4. MARKET INSIGHTS Foreword Table of contents With the debt crisis in Europe still unresolved and economic Housing: A time to buy growth in the U.S. sluggish, the capital markets continue to Foreword p. 2 exhibit elevated volatility. However, this does not mean that Collapse and consequences p. 3 no investment opportunities exist. Although the U.S. Measures of value p. 4 Supply, demand and inventories p. 7 housing market remains extremely depressed, we believe Housing market attitudes p. 10 that given current valuations and demographic dynamics, The implications of a housing rebound p. 12 now may be the time to consider an investment in housing. Few financial manias in history have had as devastating an economic impact as the American real estate bubble of the 2000s. From soaring boom to dismal and continuing bust, it has shipwrecked the financial plans of millions of American families, led to an absolute collapse in the construction industry and, through the magic of modern financial leverage, led to the biggest global recession since World War II. A few years ago, most Americans believed that there was no better long-term investment than owning your own home. Today, many regard home ownership as a financial ball and chain. But while the change in attitudes has been dramatic, so has the change in the numbers themselves. Years of falling prices and falling mortgage rates have made home buying more affordable than it has been in decades. Moreover, home prices look downright cheap, not only from the perspective of mortgage rates and income, but also relative to the cost of renting or the cost of constructing a new home. Meanwhile, continued population growth, combined with lender and borrower caution, has increased pent-up demand. While the inventory of homes both on the market and in foreclosure remains high, minimal home building over the past three years is gradually eating into this stockpile, a process that could quickly accelerate with any pickup in demand. Home prices play a crucial role in determining household wealth and shaping consumer confidence. In addition, any revival in home building could provide a much-needed boost to overall economic growth and employment. However, beyond the implications for the macroeconomy and financial markets, the numbers on housing have an important message for American families today, and particularly younger families setting out on life’s great adventure: Five years ago, at the peak of the home-buying euphoria, it was emphatically a time to rent. Today, when home ownership is depreciated more than ever before, the numbers tell us it is a time to buy. 2
  • 5. Housing: A time to buy Collapse and consequences The sad saga of the U.S. housing crash is now so well known that it seems almost cruel to rehash the details. Many observers at the time realized that too many houses were being built, home prices were rising too quickly and lending standards were being dangerously compromised in fueling the bubble. While there is much more to the story, the bottom line is that by January 2006, U.S. housing starts reached a peak of just under 2.3 million units annualized, about 50% higher than the average level of starts over the past 50 years, while the price of the average, existing single-family home was up 47% in just five years. Something had to give, and it did — in a big way. Since then, the collapse in housing has been of historic proportions, amplified by the financial crisis of 2008. Some numbers can help put this in perspective: • In almost 50 years, from January 1959 to September 2008, the lowest annualized rate of housing starts recorded for any month was 798,000, and the average rate was more than 1.5 million units. Since January 2009, the highest rate recorded for any month has been 687,000, and the average rate has been just 575,000. • From their peak in late 2005, nationwide median existing single-family home prices have fallen by 29% in nominal terms and by 37% relative to inflation. • Since the first quarter of 2006, the value of home equity has fallen from $13.5 trillion to $6.2 trillion, a 54% decline. All of this has had a profound impact on the economic environment, investment environment and even the psychological outlook of Americans. • Since the start of the recession in December 2007, construction employment nationwide has fallen by 1.9 million jobs, or 30% of the 6.6 million jobs lost. This from a sector that even at its peak only ever accounted for 5.7% of U.S. jobs. However, even this understates the impact of the housing slump on employment, as it ignores the ancillary industries that have been impacted by the decline in housing, along with all the employment effects caused by the impact of a collapse in housing market wealth, confidence and the stock market. • Since the middle of 2006, home building has fallen from 5.9% of nominal GDP to just 2.2%. 3
  • 6. MARKET INSIGHTS • Falling home prices have also had a profound impact on consumer confidence. Statistical work over the last decade suggests that a 10% change in year-over- year average existing home prices tends to move the consumer sentiment index by approximately 6.4 index points in the same direction, even after accounting for feed-though effects of housing on the stock market and employment. For reference, the consumer sentiment index was at a level of 57.5 in early October 2011, almost 30 points lower than its average level of the last 40 years. • Perhaps most important, declining home prices have undermined the confidence of both lenders and borrowers, impeding any healthy recovery in housing and restraining a rebound elsewhere within the economy. Measures of value While no one should understate the pain and destruction caused by the bursting of the housing bubble, it has had one undeniable effect: Across a wide range of measures, it has left the United States with its cheapest housing market in decades. CHART A: Median home price of existing single-family home as a % One of the simplest measures is just to of personal income per household look at home prices relative to average Percent, seasonally adjusted household income. The chart to the left shows the relationship between average, 260% per-household personal income1 and 240% home prices over the years. Since 1966, the median price of an existing single- 220% family home in the U.S. has varied between 150% and 251% of personal 200% income per household. However, roughly 180% three-quarters of the time it has been in a relatively narrow band between 185% 160% and 230%. In September 2011, the ratio September 2011*: 153% 140% was just 153%, implying that to get back ’66 ’69 ’72 ’75 ’78 ’81 ’84 ’87 ’90 ’93 ’96 ’99 ’02 ’05 ’08 ’11 to an average price to income ratio, home Sources: Census, National Association of Realtors, BEA, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. prices would have to rise by about 27%. *September 2011 is a J.P. Morgan Asset Management estimate. 1 Unlike most consumer spending, because of the mortgage interest deduction on federal taxes, it is more appropriate to measure housing affordability relative to pre-tax rather than disposable (after-tax) income. 4
  • 7. However, price is only part of the story. Economic malaise, bond market complacency and the active intervention of the Federal Reserve have reduced mortgage rates to their lowest level in modern history. During the week of October 7, Freddie Mac reported that mortgage rates had fallen to an average annual level of 3.94%. Assuming the use of a fixed rate mortgage with 20% down, this would make the median mortgage payment on a single- CHART B: Median mortgage payment as a % of personal income per household family existing home just 6.9% of per Percent, seasonally adjusted household personal income, compared with an average of 14.4% since 1966. 30% This is not to imply that home prices would have to double to get to “normal” 25% levels — any revival in housing will likely 20% push mortgage rates higher along with home prices. However, it does emphasize 15% the potential long-term financial gain for those who buy much-cheaper-than- 10% average housing while also locking in much-cheaper-than-average long-term 5% September 2011*: 6.9% financing. ’66 ’69 ’72 ’75 ’78 ’81 ’84 ’87 ’90 ’93 ’96 ’99 ’02 ’05 ’08 ’11 A third way to look at home valuations is Sources: Census, Federal Reserve, BEA, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. *September 2011 is a J.P. Morgan Asset Management estimate. These numbers are lower than the Guide to to look at the cost of renting versus the the Markets p21 due to the use of median existing single family home prices, rather than average new cost of owning. Since the late 1980s, as single family home prices. part of the Current Population Survey2, the Census Bureau has asked the owners of vacant properties whether they are CHART C: Monthly rent vs. monthly mortgage payment trying to rent or sell the property and, Vacant properties depending on that answer, what they are asking for rent or asking as a sale price for the property. Assuming a 20% down payment and prevailing 30- Monthly Mortgage year mortgage rates, this allows us to Payment 3Q11*: $694 calculate the monthly mortgage payment necessary to buy the median vacant home and compare it to the cost of renting the median house or apartment. As shown 3Q11*: $590 in the bottom chart to the right, from Monthly Rent the start of 1988 to the start of 2005, these two numbers tracked each other very closely, with the implied median mortgage payment just 5% higher than median rent. However, in 2005 the housing market began to soar and by mid 2 This monthly survey is used, among other things, to calculate the monthly unemployment rate. 5
  • 8. MARKET INSIGHTS 2007, the implied median mortgage payment was about 50% higher than the asking rent. Then housing began its long swoon, and by the third quarter of this year, we estimate that the implied median mortgage payment had fallen to just 78% of the median asking rent. In other words, at current mortgage rates, home prices would have to rise by 35% just to get back to their average relationship to rents. A fourth way to look at home pricing is to look at home pricing relative to the cost of construction — a sort of price-to-book ratio for the housing market. The price of any home can be divided into two separate components — what it would cost to rebuild the house itself from scratch, and the implied value of the land on which it is located. Ongoing work conducted by the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy and the University of Wisconsin decomposes the value of U.S. housing into these two pieces3. On average, since 1975, U.S. residential real estate has been worth about 55% more than the cost of rebuilding it — that is to say, land has represented about a third of the total value of residential property. In the housing boom, home prices rose much faster than construction costs so that by the middle of 2005, the value of houses was implicitly twice what it cost to build them, as is shown in the chart below. Of course, this was tremendously CHART D: Ratio of home building to home buying Aggregate market value of homes divided by replacement cost of encouraging to builders, since, if they residential structures could get their hands on a piece of vacant land at any reasonable price and put up 2.0 a house, they could walk away with a 1.9 healthy profit. Since then, like practically every other 1.8 number in the housing market, the 1.7 implicit value of land has plummeted, even as the costs of labor, cement, lumber, 1.6 Average: 1.55 and so on have risen. Consequently, by 1.5 the third quarter of 2011, the estimated value of the U.S. housing stock was only 1.4 26% higher than the cost of constructing 1.3 it4. In some metropolitan areas, existing 3Q11: 1.26 1.2 home prices have fallen so much relative 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 to construction costs that building, rather Sources: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, University of Wisconsin, Federal Reserve, J.P. Morgan than buying, would only seem logical Asset Management. if the land could be bought for close to nothing. While this is a big part of the reason why home building has ground to a halt in many metropolitan areas, it should be somewhat comforting for current home buyers and home owners. Given that builders can’t actually buy land for a song, in many cities, home prices will have to rise before there is any significant increase in supply. 3 See David, Morris A and Jonathan Heathcote, 2007, “The Price and Quantity of Residential Land in the United States,” Journal of Monetary Economics, 6 Vol. 54 (8), p. 2595-2620. Data located at Land and Property Values in the U.S., Lincoln Institute of Land Policy http://www.lincolninst.edu/resources/ 4 Using Lincoln Institute data from 1975:1 to 2011:1 and extrapolating based on construction cost and home price data through 2011:3
  • 9. Supply, demand and inventories On a variety of measures, U.S. home prices look very low. This, in itself, does not guarantee that they are about to turn. However, trends in supply, demand and inventories strongly point to rising home prices in the years ahead. First, on the supply side, the great housing bust of the late 2000s has CHART E: Total housing starts reduced home building to a shadow of its Thousands, seasonally adjusted former self. Perhaps the most dramatic statistic is illustrated in the chart to the 3000 right, which shows total U.S. housing 2500 starts at a seasonally adjusted annual rate from 1959 to today. Prior to 2008, 2000 Average: 1485 there had not been a single month in almost 50 years when housing starts had 1500 fallen below 798,000. Since the start of 2009, there has not been a single month 1000 where starts have exceeded 687,000. This extraordinarily low rate of 500 September 2011: 658 construction looks even more dramatic when normal housing depreciation is 0 ’59 ’63 ’67 ’71 ’75 ’79 ’83 ’87 ’91 ’95 ’99 ’03 ’07 ’11 considered. Over the past decade, the total stock of housing in the United States Sources: Census, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. has risen by 13.5 million units. However, we know that 15.4 million homes have been completed, so a net 1.9 million units, or 190,000 per year, have been destroyed by fire, natural disasters, and so on. Given this, the current construction rate of roughly 575,000 units per year implies an annual increase in the housing stock of just 385,000 units. On the demand side, normal demographic trends should still be building pent-up demand. In the last decade from 2000 to 2009, the U.S. population grew by an average of 2.8 million people per year, with natural population growth contributing approximately 1.7 million people and immigration adding about one million. In addition, over the same period, an average of 2.2 million couples got married each year5. All of these numbers have fallen somewhat in the recession of 2008-2009 and its aftermath, as couples have postponed marriage, families have postponed having children, and immigration has been discouraged by the lack of jobs. However, even if births, immigration and marriages have all been depressed by the slow economy, they all likely still imply a much stronger pace of home building than currently exists. 5 Based on data from the Census Bureau and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 7
  • 10. MARKET INSIGHTS The top chart to the left shows the relationship between annual population growth and housing starts over the past 50 years. While home-building numbers are much more volatile than demographic ones, on average over this period, the U.S. has seen 600 homes started for every 1,000 person increase in the population, or a ratio of 0.6 homes per person. Given estimated population growth of 2.46 CHART F: Ratio of housing starts to population growth million people in the 12 months ending 1961 – 2010, housing starts per every 1,000 person increase in population, annual in August 2011, this relationship today would suggest total housing starts of 1.4 1100 million units compared to the 572,000 starts that actually occurred6. Moreover, 900 it is also worth noting that at least when it comes to marriages and births, decisions to postpone may also be generating a 700 Average: 600 pent-up demand, which will be expressed as the economy gradually improves. 500 Given these statistics on supply and demand, it seems almost inevitable that 300 the inventory of unsold homes must be falling. It is — but it still has a long way 2010: 223 100 to go. ’61 ’65 ’69 ’73 ’77 ’81 ’85 ’89 ’93 ’97 ’01 ’05 ’09 The bottom chart to the left shows the Sources: Census, BEA, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. total number of new and existing homes for sale in the United States from 1996 to today. From the mid 1990s to the mid CHART G: Housing inventories 2000s the number was fairly steady Combined new and existing home sales, millions, seasonally adjusted at about 2.5 million units. However, as 5 the housing bubble grew, so did the pace of home building, which naturally outstripped the demographic growth in demand; by the summer of 2007, the total 4 number of homes on the market peaked at just under 5 million units. August 2011: 3.6mm 3 2 ’96 ’98 ’00 ’02 ’04 ’06 ’08 ’10 Sources: Census, National Association of Realtors, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. 6 Data are as of August 2011. 8
  • 11. Since then, inventories have been on a painfully slow drift downward as a drop in demand offset much of the impact of the collapse in home building. However, by August of this year, combined new and existing homes listed for sale had fallen to 3.6 million units, having completed roughly 70% of the journey back to normal. Many have argued correctly that even this excessive level of inventories understates CHART H: Total homes for sale the problem, as there are millions of Listed homes and unlisted foreclosures, millions, seasonally adjusted homes today in foreclosure that are 8 not yet listed as being for sale. Data from the Mortgage Bankers Association 7 can be used to estimate the number 6 of homes in foreclosure, which today Homes listed for sale stands at roughly 2.2 million units7. It is 5 Unlisted foreclosed homes estimated that approximately a third of 4 these are in fact listed for sale, so adding unlisted foreclosures to the number of 3 homes actually listed for sale boosts the 2 inventory of homes for sale, as well as diminishes the progress made in cutting 1 into this during the past four years. 0 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 Some further argue that the problem of foreclosures will only get worse, as there Sources: Census, MBA, BLS, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. is a backlog of pending foreclosures that is being suppressed by litigation CHART I: Percent of mortgages +90 days delinquent and legislation aimed at preventing All mortgage loans with installments 90 or more days past due, sa foreclosures. However, while such a backlog may well exist, it should be noted 6% that mortgages issued since the bursting of the housing bubble are much less 5% problematic, and that the percentage of mortgages 90 days+ delinquent (a 4% reliable precursor to foreclosure) is actually falling. 2Q11: 3% 3.6% 2% 1% 0% ’79 ’82 ’85 ’88 ’91 ’94 ’97 ’00 ’03 ’06 ’09 Sources: MBA, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. 7 This calculation uses the number of mortgages outstanding according to the BLS Consumer Expenditure Survey, foreclosures as a percent of total loans, housing inventories and assumes that 30% of foreclosed properties are listed as for sale. 9
  • 12. MARKET INSIGHTS Housing market attitudes Given all of this, why have home prices not already begun to recover? Part of the problem is simply one of attitudes and expectations. In a recent poll8, just 13% of Americans expected the price of their home to go up in the next year, and just 36% thought it would go up over the next five. Unfortunately, this poll wasn’t conducted prior to 2009. However, a similar survey in 2006 showed that fully 81% expected the value of their home to increase in the future9. The attitude of lenders is also a barrier. CHART J: Will home prices be higher a year from now? While the wild-west lending standards of Percent of respondents the mid 2000s undoubtedly fueled the housing bubble, in its aftermath, banks 45% Sep. 2011: 40% have become very cautious. This can Up 40% be seen in the chart on the bottom left, Down which looks at the loan to price ratio on 35% conventional, single-family mortgages 30% since 1990. This ratio has fallen sharply since its 2007 peak, reflecting the 25% reluctance of banks to make loans on the scale that they had during the housing 20% Sep. 2011: 13% bubble. 15% 10% Apr ’09 Oct ’09 Mar ’10 Aug ’10 Jan ’11 May ’11 Sep ’11 Sources: Rasmussen Reports, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. CHART K: Loan to price ratio on conventional, single-family mortgages All homes, percent 82% 80% 78% 76% 74% 2010: 74.0% 72% 70% 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Sources: FHFA, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. 8 Survey completed September 15-16, 2011 by Rasmussen Reports. 9 10 Survey by Pew Research Center, December 6, 2006
  • 13. A heavy overhang of foreclosures is a reminder of the dangers of easy lending, and a waft of litigation associated with foreclosures is, not surprisingly, limiting the desire of banks to lend to anyone who might, in the future, default. New regulations are reducing bank profitability in certain areas, forcing banks to raise capital, and generating uncertainty about business conditions for banks in the years ahead. Finally, the Federal Reserve’s policy of reducing long- term interest rates, while making mortgages more attractive to borrowers, are also making them much less attractive to lenders by squeezing net interest margins and increasing the risk of loss once the Federal Reserve finally allows long rates to rise. However, having said all of this, in both economics and finance, direction can be as important as levels. As shown in the chart to the right, lending tightened in the aftermath of the housing bubble, but since then banks have been gradually easing lending standards despite a very unfavorable Washington environment. In the decision to buy a home, as in any investment decision, it is very important CHART L: Mortgage lending standards to distinguish between levels and Net percent of banks reporting tighter mortgage lending standards changes. Home prices, housing demand 100% and home building are very low, but they all seem set to increase. Housing 80% inventories remain too high, but they 60% Household Mtg are on a downward trend. And while Prime Mtg the attitudes of both home buyers and 40% Nontraditional Mtg home lenders remain very cautious, they should become less so in the years 20% ahead. 0% -20% -40% ’90 ’92 ’94 ’96 ’98 ’00 ’02 ’04 ’06 ’08 ’10 Sources: Federal Reserve, J.P. Morgan Asset Management. 11
  • 14. MARKET INSIGHTS The implications of a housing rebound If the housing market does begin to recover, what could this mean for the economy? The short answer is: a lot. First, on average, over the last 50 years, home building has accounted for 4.5% of U.S. GDP, while in the second quarter it accounted for merely 2.2%. If it took five years for housing to return to that average level, then home building alone would directly add almost 0.5% to real GDP growth each year. Moreover, on average, over the last 50 years, U.S. housing starts have amounted to 1.491 million units per year. In every month since April 2007, starts have fallen short of this number, with a cumulative shortfall relative to this average of now 3.3 million houses. Moreover, a steady five-year climb back to this level from the current starts rate of 658,000 would result in a further cumulative shortfall of 1.2 million units relative to normal demand, potentially pushing inventory levels to well below their long-term averages. In addition, a rebound in home prices would have a dramatic impact on household net worth. Housing is a leveraged investment. As mentioned earlier, even ignoring today’s super-low mortgage rates, home prices would have to rise by roughly 27% from current levels to get back to their average relationship to average household income. If this took five years and average household income grew by 4% per year over that period of time, then home prices would rise by roughly 55% over the next five years. However, since home equity now represents just 40% of home prices, an increase of 55% would more than double the housing wealth of U.S. households. Rising home prices should also help lending in the economy in general, as they would reduce foreclosures and the reserves that banks need to hold against potentially bad loans. Moreover, more lender confidence about the state of the housing market should lead to a more general easing of lending standards back to more normal levels. However, perhaps most important would be the general effect on confidence of a rebound in U.S. housing. For years, the purchase of a home was a point of celebration, a first solid building block for a family’s financial future. The optimism that embodies this has been sadly lost in recent years, and the fretful pessimism that has replaced it has discouraged risk taking across all dimensions. When housing recovers, it should improve the public mood, spurring more spending, more hiring and more investing. While housing has always been central to improving family fortunes, today, more than ever before, it is central to a recovery in the nation’s. That is why it is important for America to realize that when it comes to housing, now is a time to buy. 12
  • 15.
  • 16. To learn more about the Market Insights program, please visit us at www.jpmorganfunds.com/mi. Contact J.P. Morgan Funds Distribution Services Inc. at 1-800-480-4111 for a fund prospectus. You can also visit us at www.jpmorganfunds.com. Investors should carefully consider the investment objectives and risks as well as charges and expenses of the mutual fund before investing. The prospectus contains this and other information about the mutual fund. Read the prospectus carefully before investing. The information in this brochure is intended solely to report on various investment views held by J.P. Morgan Asset Management. Opinions, estimates, forecasts, and statements of financial market trends that are based on current market conditions constitute our judgment and are subject to change without notice. We believe the information provided here is reliable but should not be assumed to be accurate or complete. The views presented are subject to change. The views and strategies described may not be suitable for all investors. References to specific securities, asset classes and financial markets are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be, and should not be interpreted as, recommendations. This brochure is for informational purposes only and is not intended as an offer or solicitation with respect to the purchase or sale of any security. The information in this brochure is not intended to provide and should not be relied on for investment recommendations. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. J.P. Morgan Asset Management is the marketing name for the asset management businesses of JPMorgan Chase & Co. Those businesses include, but are not limited to, J.P. Morgan Investment Management Inc., Security Capital Research & Management Incorporated and J.P. Morgan Alternative Asset Management, Inc. JPMorgan Distribution Services, Inc., member FINRA/SIPC © JPMorgan Chase & Co., October 2011 WP-MI-HOUSING NOT FDIC INSURED | NO BANK GUARANTEE | MAY LOSE VALUE