History Review TN EOC

1. State Standards Review
Coach Harken
US History

2. 6.1, 6.2, 6.3,
• Identify how the effects of 19th century warfare
promoted the growth of industrialism
– (Railroads, iron vs. steel, textiles, coal, processed
foods)
• Identify major agricultural post-Civil War
American geographic areas on a map
• Identify major urban areas of the United States
on a map
– (Northeast, upper Midwest, Atlantic Coast, California)

3. • Civil War Warfare leads to industrialism in the
US
• America transfers from Agrarian to Urban
• Transcontinental Railroad
– Pacific Railway Act
• As more railroads were built their became
more need for mining coal
– This is because coal powered the steam engine

5. 6.4, 6.5
• Identify patterns of immigration and the
casual factors that led to immigration to the
United States of America
– (Crop famines, European social and political
unrest, religious freedom)
• Distinguish the differences in assimilation of
“old” vs. “new” immigration.
– (languages, settlement patterns, education,
employment, housing, Nativist reaction, religion,
geographic origin)

6. • Crop Famine
– Irish Potato Famine
• Political Unrest
– Germany

7. • Old Immigrants • New Immigrants
– Northern and Western – Southern and Eastern
Europe Europe
– Irish, Germany, – Escape religious and
political persecution
– Did not speak English
– Were Catholic and
Jewish

8. • Employment
– Worked in sweatshops
– Triangle Shirtwaist Company
• Housing
– Tenements
• Jacob Riis
• Nativists Reaction
– Nativism- considered themselves “Native
Americans”
– Know-Nothing Party- Nativists political party

9. 6.6
• Read and interpret a primary source
document reflecting the dynamics of the
Gilded Age American society.
– (Booker T Washington’s “Atlanta Compromise”,
Carnegie’s “Gospel of Wealth”, Sojourner Truth’s
“Ain’t I A Woman”, Jane Adams’ Hull House
Accounts, Jacob Riis photographs and/or writings,
a sweatshop worker’s personal story)

14. 6.7, 6.8, 6.9
• Recognize Technological and industrial
advancements to the era
– (advancements in mining, farming, or ranching)
• Match innovators to their industrial and
technological contributions
– Vanderbilt, Westinghouse, Carnegie, Pullman,
Hershey, Dupont, Bell, Edison, Rockefeller, Swift, and
Armour
• Recognize the economic disparity among farmers,
wage earners, immigrants, or racial groups when
compared to industrial capitalists

15. • Advancements in mining
– Dupont creates dynamite
• Farming
– Barbed Wire
– Homestead Act
• Each adult head of household given land if he or she
lived on and developed that land for five years

16. • Vanderbilt- Controls all railway lines into New York and
Chicago
• Westinghouse- Air brakes for trains and railway
signaling system
• Carnegie- Owner of Carnegie Steel, Vertical Integration
• Pullman- Railroad sleeping car
• Hershey- mass produces milk chocolate
• Dupont- Smokeless gunpowder and dynamite
• Bell- Telephone
• Rockefeller- Owner of Standard Oil, creates the first
trust
• Swift- pioneer and beef packing industry
• Armour- fleet of refrigerator cars

17. • Hourly Wages
– Most worked a ten hour day for $1- $1.50
– Most worked six days a week
– Accidents meant loss of employment
• Growth of industrialism led to an increase in the
disparity of income and living conditions between
the industrialists and the wage earners
– Industrialists live a lavish lifestyle
• Time period referred to as the Gilded Age
– era of rapid economic and population growth in the United States
during the post-Civil War and post-Reconstruction eras of the late
19th century where industrialists live a lavish lifestyle while
everyone else barely gets by

18. 6.10, 6.11
• Interpret a political cartoon which portrays the
controversial aspects of the Gilded Age
– Populist reaction to politicians an tycoons, railroad
development, westward expansion, Dawes Act, urban
developments)
• Analyze the impact of different forms of
corruption and its consequences in American
politics during the later half of the Age
– Grant’s Black Friday, Credit Mobilier, Whiskey Ring,
Tammany Hall, Boss System, Garfield’s assassination,
Civil Service Reform, Granger Laws, Interstate
Commerce Act

22. • Grant’s Black Friday
– James Fisk and Jay Gould
• Purchased enough gold so they could manipulate its price on
the stock market
– If they could control the price of gold they could earn higher
profits for themselves
• Befriended Abel Corbin, President Grant’s brother in law
• Used Corbin to convince President Grant to refrain from
selling government gold
– This would lower the worth of the gold they purchased
• Grant learns of the plot
• Ordered the sale of 4 million dollars of government gold
– Because Grant decides to sale so much gold so quickly
he caused a minor panic
• Black Friday of 1869
– Panic happened investors had purchased gold on loans
– When the price of gold dropped they were unable to repay the
loans

23. • Credit Mobilier
– Union Pacific Railroad was a private company that
received government assistance to build the
transcontinental railroad
• Credit Mobilier was a company set up to contain the
profits
• Congressmen and Vice President given stock in Credit
Mobilier in exchange for favors
• Congressional Investigation followed and as a result
some congressional representatives were censured

24. • Whiskey Ring
– Whiskey was taxed heavily by the federal
government
• Distillers wanted more of the profit from these taxes
– Bribery rings develop where Distillers bribed politicians so
that they did not have to pay the taxes
– Secretary of Treasury Benjamin H Bristow
• Broke the Whiskey Ring
– Results in the indictments of over 200 people

25. • Tammany Hall and Boss System
– Tammany Hall
• Political organization in New York City
• Political Machine that practiced “machine” politics
– Bosses
• Networks of local leaders, called bosses, helped
communities get things they needed
• People responded to this help with votes
• Used the growing immigrant population to gain even
more votes
– Boss Tweed

26. • Garfield’s Assassination
– Charles Guiteau
• Disgruntled office seeker who did not receive an
appointment to office by Garfield
• Shot President Garfield
– Resulted in a sever infection that killed Garfield 80 days later

27. • Civil Service Reform
– Spoils System
• Pendleton Act
– Established a Civil Service Commission which created a
required examination for federal jobs
» Fewer jobs were handed out as political favors

28. • Granger Movement
– Consisted of a coalition of US farmers that fought
corporate monopolies in the 1870’s
• Price Fixing
– Occurs when businesses or owners conspire to raise prices on
goods and services
– Granger Laws
• Passed to regulate businesses, proved the farmers did
have political power

29. • Interstate Commerce Act
– Required that railroads establish “reasonable and
just” rates for consumers
– Established the Interstate Commerce Commission
• US Government’s first regulatory agency

30. 6.12
• Assess the effect of late 19th century
technological innovation on the daily lives of
American people
– Electricity, indoor
plumbing, communication, transportation

31. • Electricity
– Americans now have lights, air conditioning, and
radios
• Indoor Plumbing
– Sanitation increases
• Communication
– Americans can now communicate with anyone
anywhere
• Transportation
– Railroads link Americans together like never before
– Transcontinental Railroad

32. 7.1, 7.2
• Identify causes of American imperialism
– Raw
materials, nationalism, missionaries, militarism, M
onroe Doctrine
• Identify consequences of American
imperialism
– Spanish American War, expanding
trade, extractive economies, Panama Canal, idea
of a superior Anglo-Saxon culture, yellow
journalism, military occupation

33. • Imperialism
– A practice by which a foreign power extends
political and economic influence or control over
another country
– Causes
• Raw Materials- America looks to use imperialism to
take over new lands with the goal of taking their
natural resources
• Nationalism- Americans see themselves as superior and
look to extend their control through Imperialism
• Missionaries- Missionaries in Hawaii help advance
imperialism
• Monroe Doctrine- told European countries to stay out
of the Western Hemisphere

34. • Consequences of Imperialism
– Spanish American War- US intervenes to help
Cuba defeat Spain because of influence of Yellow
Journalists
• Pulitzer and Hearst
• USS Maine
• San Juan Hill
• Platt Amendment
– Cuba could not make treaties with other nations that were
against American interests
– Gave America control of the naval base at Guantanamo Bay
• Philippines
– Panama Canal
• France starts building canal US finishes it

35. 7.3, 7.4, 7.5
• Recognize the progress of political and social reform in
America during this era
– Women’s suffrage, regulation of food and drug, Initiative,
Referendum, recall, protection of worker’s rights, Antitrust
Supreme Court Decisions, Muckrakers
• Identify the causes of American involvement in World
War I
– Security concerns, economic benefits, Wilsonian
diplomacy, propaganda
• Recognize the new trends, ideas, and innovations of
the 1920’s popular culture
– Radio, Automobile, phonograph, prohibition, birth control,
organized crime, sports

36. • Women’s Suffrage
– Giving women the right to vote
– Seneca Falls Convention
• Declaration of Sentiments
– Drew upon the Declaration of Independence to articulate women’s rights
• Muckrakers
– Journalists, novelists, and critics who attempted to expose
abuses in business and corruption in politics
– Ida Tarbell
• History of the Standard Oil Company
– Brought the company’s monopoly to light and eventually led to a government
antitrust suit against the company
– Upton Sinclair
• The Jungle
– Told of unsafe and unsanitary conditions in meat processing plants
– Led to its readers calling for changes in the laws protecting food
• Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
– Mandated safe and sanitary conditions for food preparation and
packing
• Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
– Put regulations on food and medicines

37. • Woodrow Wilson
– Focused on labor and business
• “New Freedom”
– Sought tariff reform and regulation of the banking industry
• Federal Reserve Act
– Set up the Federal Reserve Banking System
» Regulates the nations money supply
– Clayton Antitrust Act
• Legalized peaceful strikes and boycotts and prohibited
price discrimination
– Keating-Owen Child Labor Act
• Forbade the sale of products made by children across
state lines

38. • Model T
– By 1924 Henry Ford’s Model T sold for under $300
• Much more affordable to the everyday person who made $1,300
annually
– Wages
• Henry Ford increases his workers’ wages to $5 a day
– Gives his workers more money to spend
• National Prohibition Act
– Provided for the enforcement of the 18th amendment
– Called Prohibition
• Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcohol
• Drinking alcohol was legal
• Margaret Sanger
– Felt unplanned pregnancies were a shackle to women
– Was a pioneer in the American birth control movement
– Sent pamphlets about birth control in the mail
– Arrested when she opened up a birth control clinic
• Organized Crime
– Al Capone and the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre

39. 7.6, 7.7
• Recognize the role of Tennessee in the
women’s suffrage movement
– The Perfect 36, Anne Dallas Dudley, Harry Burn,
Governor Albert Roberts
• Determine the possible factors that led to the
economic collapse of 1929
– Over production of agriculture and industry,
expansion of credit, financial speculation,
agricultural crop failures, tariff barriers, laissez-
faire

40. • Nineteenth Amendment
– 35 states had ratified this amendment to give women the right
to vote
– Tennessee was not one of them
• Tennessee would make the “Perfect 36”
– Governor Albert H. Roberts
• Pressured into holding an assembly by President Wilson to vote on the
amendment
– Tennessee was to be the deciding state for Women’s Suffrage
• If Tennessee ratified the amendment then the majority of states
would have ratified the amendment which would effectively add it to
the Constitution
– Harry Burn
• Legislator who changed his mind because his mother told him to vote
for ratification of the amendment
– Results in Tennessee giving women the right to vote
– Anne Dallas Dudley- President of Tennessee Equal Suffrage
Association who was instrumental in getting the 19th
amendment passed

41. • Dust Bowl
– Farmers overplant crops because they can’t make
enough money
• Margin
– Americans buy stock on credit resulting in the stock
market crash
• Tariff Barriers
– Smoot-Hawley Tariff
• Increase on imported goods that leads other countries to
increase their tariffs in return
• Laissez Faire
– Government has a hands off policy ad when the stock
market crashes Hoover decides not to do anything
because he believed the government should not get
involved with the economy

42. 7.8, 7.9, 7.10
• Read and interpret a primary source
document reflecting the social dynamics of
the 1920’s
– Harlem Renaissance, Lost Generation, Upton
Sinclair
• Compare and contrast the philosophies of Du
Bois, Washington, and Garvey
• Analyze the American isolationist position
versus interventionist arguments

43. • W.E.B. Du Bois
– Founder of the National Association for the Advancement
of Colored People (NAACP)
– Studied at Tennessee’s Fisk University
– Black Nationalist Policy
• Disagreed with Booker T. Washington
• Booker T. Washington
– Assimilation of blacks into white culture
• Marcus Garvey
– Segregationist policies and revolutionary tactics
• President Woodrow Wilson tried to keep America out
of the War
• Factors leading America to war
1. Zimmerman Note
2. Sinking of the Lusitania (128 Americans killed)
3. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

44. 8.1, 8.2
• Identify the causes of World War II
– Treaty of Versailles, Fascism, Failure of the League
of Nations, Japanese Imperialism, Economic
Worldwide Difficulties
• Recognize the negative patterns of an
economic cycle
– Increase of unemployment, decrease of price
level, excess inventory, decrease of
production, prepossession, increase of business
failure, and bankruptcy

45. • Treaty of Versailles
– Major cause of World War II
– War Guilt Clause, Reparations
• Fascism
– Italy and Benito Mussolini
• Failure of the League of Nations
– League does nothing to stop Hitler from violating
the Treaty of Versailles
• Economic Worldwide Difficulties
– The poor economic conditions in Germany, Italy,
and Russia led to the rise of dictators

46. • Economic Downturns
– Aggregate Demand curve shifts left
• Consumers are not willing to buy as much at any given price
• Economic Downturns
– Since not as much is being sold producers look to lower
their costs
• To do this they produce less
– This requires fewer workers (Unemployment increases)
– Leads to decrease of price level, business failures, and bankruptcy
– Also decreases the GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
• GDP
– Gross Domestic Product
– The total market values of goods and services produced by
workers and capital within a nation's borders during a
given period
– If GDP declines for six months then there is a recession
• If a recession lasts for a while and the decrease in a GDP is enough
then the downturn is called a depression

47. 8.3, 8.4
• Recognize the definitions of totalitarianism,
fascism, communism, nationalism, and anti-
Semitism
• Identify the changes in social and cultural life
caused by the Great Depression and the Dust
Bowl
– Hoovervilles, Bonus Army, Migrations, worldwide
economic depression, Democrat victory in 1932,
widespread poverty, unemployment, religious
revivalism

48. • Totalitarianism
– Control of political, economic, social and cultural aspects
of life
– Led by a single leader and party
– Not interested in individual freedom (civil liberties)
– Used modern technology and propaganda
• Fascism
– Italy under Benito Mussolini
– More Relaxed version of Communism
• Communism
– Russia, Collectivization,
• Nationalism
– Intense form of patriotism
• Anti-Semitism
– Hatred of Jews

49. • Shantytowns
– Places where thousands of people lived in shacks and tents
– Many Americans blamed President Hoover for these
conditions
• Shantytowns became known as “Hoovervilles”
• Bonus Army
– Made up of unemployed World War I veterans
– In 1932 they marched on Washington D.C. and occupied
empty buildings in the city
– Protesting the government’s inability to pay them their
bonus money
• Veterans wanted their money sooner than the pay date
• Migrations
– People move to California to try to escape the Great
Depression

50. • Election of 1932
– Hoover vs. Franklin D. Roosevelt
• Roosevelt blamed Hoover for the Great Depression
• Roosevelt wins a landslide victory
– Won by 20% of popular vote
– 472 electoral votes to 59
• Religious Revivalism
– Teaching Darwinism
• John Scopes, high school biology teacher, charged with
teaching evolution
• Clarence Darrow, Scope’s lawyer argued that the Tennessee
law violated the separation of church and state by taking a
religious position
• William Jennings Bryan
– Argued against Darrow
– Bryan wins the trial
– Scopes eventually let off by the State Supreme Court because of a
technicality

51. 8.5, 8.6, 8.7
• Interpret a timeline of major events of World
War II
• Identify New Deal Programs/Initiatives
– Social Security, WPA, TVA, Indian Reorganization
Act, FDIC, CCC, Fair Labor Standards Act
• Recognize World War II alliances

53. • WPA
– Work Progress Administration
• Builds the Golden Gate Bridge in San Fransisco
• Social Security
– Federal program of retirement insurance for people over 65 in age
• TVA
– Tennessee Valley Authority
• Builds dams across East Tennessee and supplies electricity to over six states
• Indian Reorginization Act
– Secured certain rights for Native Americans
• FDIC
– Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
• Insured savings accounts in banks approved by the government
• CCC
– Civilian Conservation Corps
• Looked to hire young single men to work on reforestation and building
national parks
• Fair Labor Standards Act
– Established minimum wages and maximum hours for businesses

54. • Axis • Allies
1. Germany 1. US
2. Italy 2. France
3. Japan 3. Britain
4. Russia (Soviet Union)

55. 8.8, 8.9
• Analyze how World War II affected the
American economy
– Women in the workforce, movement to urban
centers, minority employment, post war GI
bill, rationing, childcare
• Recognize the effect of the New Deal and
World War II on Tennessee
– Creation of Fort Campbell, Clarksville
Base, TVA, Secretary of State Cordell Hull, Oak
Ridge

56. • Women join the workforce because so many men
are oversees fighting
• Minorities in the Workforce
– Minorities often limited in the type of employment
they could find
– Executive Order 8802
• Banned discrimination in the defense industry
• Did not desegregate the armed forces
• GI Bill
– Paid tuition for servicemen after the war who wanted
to go to college
• Rationing
– Ration Books
• Government begins to ration certain items by giving out
coupons
• These coupons must be redeemed for items such as sugar,
meat, and gasoline

57. • Fort Campbell
– Located in Clarksville, Tennessee
– Served as a major army base during WWII
• TVA
– Tennessee Valley Authority
– Builds dams in East Tennessee that provide electricity
to six states
• Cordell Hull
– Politician from Tennessee
– Served as FDR’s secretary of state
– Known as the “father of the United Nations”
• Oak Ridge
– Military base in Tennessee that builds part of the
atomic bombs

58. 8.10, 8.11
• Evaluate the impact of the Manhattan Project
– Creation of Oak Ridge Tennessee, nuclear
proliferation, espionage, ethical debate, medical
experimentation, Nagasaki, Hiroshima
• Interpret a political cartoon involving the New
Deal

59. • Manhattan Project
– $2 Billion Project
– Centered at Los Alamos, Texas
– Codename for the American push to build an
atomic bomb
– One of 37 plants helping to build the bomb
located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee
– Enrico Fermi, responsible for developing the bomb
– After much debate America chooses two major
cities on which to drop the atomic bombs
1. Nagasaki
2. Hiroshima

63. 9.1, 9.2, 9.3
• Recognize the differences among the victorious
Allied Powers after World War II
– Capitalist, Communist, Military Structure, Individual
Differences
• Distinguish social inequities in America in the
post World War II era
– Racial Segregation, Generation Conflict, Gender
Equity, Ethnic Identification
• Locate and label countries, using a map,
dominated or threatened by Communism

64. • Capitalism
– Economic style in which the means of production
are privately owned and operated for profit
• Communist
– Style of government that aims for a classless
society centered equality for everyone, also the
state owns the means of production

65. • Racial Segregation
– Jim Crow Laws
• Laws based off of the mandate of “Separate but equal”
• Separate But Equal
– African Americans were supposed to have the same as whites but just separated
– Under Separate but Equal African Americans did not enjoy the same living standard, education, career
opportunities, public access, or facilities as whites did
– Poll Taxes and Literacy tests used to keep African Americans from voting
– Population Shifts
• White Americans move to suburbs
• African Americans move to the inner city
• Gender Problems
• Stereotypical Female Assets
– Clean House
– Neat Appearance
– Well behaved children
– The ideal woman was portrayed in television sitcoms and through advertising
– Rise of dissatisfaction
– Women and the Workforce
– After WWII women were expected to leave the workforce and return home
– Average marrying age of women drops to 20 years
– 40% of already working women remained in the workforce
• Relegated to what was seen as a woman’s job
• Women do not earn as much as men do for the same job

67. 9.4, 9.5
• Recognize the impact of technological and
cultural changes on American society
– Space Race, Hollywood, Communication
Networks, Mass Media, Medical Advances,
Interstate Highway System
• Identify areas associated with American
containment policies
– Korea, Vietnam, Cuba, East and West Germany

68. • Space Race
– Television brings the space race into the homes of everyday
Americans
– Sputnik I
• Russians launch the first satellite into orbit
• US begins to feel like far less of a super power
– Explorer I
• US launches its first satellite
– National Aeronautics and Space Act (NASA)
• Goal was for the US to become a leader in space exploration
– Neil Armstrong
• First man on the moon
– “One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”
• Interstate System
– National Interstate and Defense Highway Act
• Created a nationwide system of highways that allowed for easier and
more extended travel
– Also aids in the suburbanization of America
– Americans travel the roads, sightseeing spots, love affair with cars

69. • Korea
– Soviet Union and US take control of Korea post WWII
• Korea split into two along the 38th Parallel
• Divided the country into Communist North and Democratic
South
– North invades South
• 1950
• US backs South Korea
• Soviet Union and China back North Korea
• Vietnam
– Vietnam War was primarily a civil war with North
Vietnamese seeking reunification of the country under
Communist rule
– Tet Offensive
– War ends in 1975
• South Vietnamese surrenders to the North Vietnamese
Army

70. • East and West Germany
– Post World War II
• Germany divided into four zones by the Allies
• Each of the Allies controls one zone
• Berlin
– Surrounded by the Soviet Union’s zone and was divided also
into four sections
– Zones controlled by Britain, US, France, and Soviet Union
• Berlin Blockade and Berlin Airlift
• Berlin Wall

71. 9.6, 9.7
• Recognize the domestic impact of the Cold
War on American society
– McCarthyism, Fear, Conformity, Conterculture, Ge
neration Gap, Highway System, Consumerism
• Determine the effects of the Supreme Court’s
decisions on Civil Rights
– Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v, Board, Miranda
v, Arizona, Gideon v, Wainwright, Escobedo v.
Illinois

72. • McCarthyism
– Joseph McCarthy
• Crusade against suspected Communists led by McCarthy
• House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
– Used to accuse individuals of all professions of Communist
affiliation
» Accuses politicians and movie stars
» Many entertainers blacklisted because of McCarthyism
• Counterculture
– College Campuses
• Dissent on college campuses up to this time had been
peaceful
• Peaceful protest become mixed with tense confrontation
and even violence
• Kent State, Jackson State, and University of Wisconsin,
Madison

73. • Interstate System
– National Interstate and Defense Highway Act
• Created a nationwide system of highways that allowed
for easier and more extended travel
– Also aids in the suburbanization of America
– Americans travel the roads, sightseeing spots, love affair with
cars
• Consumerism
– Americans become obsessed with purchasing new
goods and products

74. • Plessy v. Ferguson
– Homer Plessy challenged the 1890 Louisiana Separate Car Act
• Separate but equal railroad cars for blacks and whites
• Plessy loses the case
• Established the principle of “separate but equal
• Brown v. Board of Education
– Stated segregated schools violated the 14th amendment
– Supreme Court rules to end segregation in schools
• Miranda vs. Arizona (1963)
– Ernesto Miranda arrested and identified as the assailant in a violent crime
• Miranda questioned for two hours without being informed that he had the constitutional
right to refuse to answer questions and the right to an attorney
• Miranda convicted but appeals
– Police had violated his 5th amendment, right against self incrimination
– Miranda Warning, “You have the right to remain silent…”
• Gideon vs. Wainwright (1963)
– Clarence Gideon arrested for burglarizing a poolroom
• Couldn’t afford an attorney asks for one to be appointed for him
• Court denies request, Gideon must serve as his own lawyer
• Convicted and sentenced to five years
• Petitions case because he had been denied counsel and due process guaranteed to him
in the Constitution
– Granted a new trial and found not guilty

75. • Escobedo v. Illinois
– Court case that establishes the precedent that
criminals have the right to counsel during
interrogation

76. 9.8. 9.9
• Identify significant events in the struggle for Civil Rights
– Integration of Clinton High School in Clinton, Tennessee,
The Clinton 12 and Governor Clement’s actions, Little Rock
Central High, Montgomery Bus Boycott, Freedom Riders’
Route, Birmingham Bombings, Nashville Lunch Counters,
Martin Luther King’s March on Washington Speech, Civil
Rights Act of 1964, Civil Rights act of 1968, Great Society
• Recognize the altered American approach to foreign
policy
– Bay of Pigs, Brinkmanship, Cuban Missile Crisis, Peaceful
Coexistance

77. • Clinton, Tennessee
– 1956
• Clinton 12
• 12 African Americans who enroll in a previously all-white school after
desegregation had been ordered
• Little Rock, Arkansas
– Central High School
• Little Rock 9
– African Americans who attend the High School
– President Dwight D. Eisenhower sends the national guard to Arkansas to force
the desegregation
• Montgomery Bus Boycott
– Rosa Parks
• Arrested for refusing to giver up her bus seat in
Montgomery, Alabama to a white man at a time when African
Americans were obligated to
– Sparks a year long bus boycott
• 75% of the bus systems customers were African Americans
• Struck deep into the city’s revenues
• Boycott leads to desegregation of the bus system
• Launches Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. to prominence

78. • Diane Nash
– Leader who organizes lunch counter sit-ins in Nashville
• March on Washington
– I have a dream”
• Famous speech on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial
• Lyndon B. Johnson
– Signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964
» Ends legal discrimination based on race
– Also signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965
» Allowed African Americans to vote
• Great Society
– Lyndon B Johnson
• Becomes President after Kennedy is assassinated
• Introduces a series of reforms called The Great Society
– Focus on helping those who lived below the poverty line
– Head Start
» Provides free preschool to children living in poverty
– Medicaid
» Provides medical care for individuals living in poverty
– Medicare
» Provides free hospitalization and inexpensive insurance for medical care
for the elderly

79. • Bay of Pigs
– Invasion
• US sponsors an invasion of Cuba by Cubans who had
fled the country and living in the US
• Invaded at the Bay of Pigs
– Failed and was an embarrassment for President John F.
Kennedy
• Cuban Missile Crisis
– Soviets have no missiles that can reach the US
• Soviets install missiles on Cuba that can reach the US
• US responds with a naval blockade of Cuba
– US and Soviet Union almost go to war
– After tense negotiations Soviets removed missiles and the US
Navy withdraws
» Fear of nuclear attack always present

80. 9.10, 9.11
• Match leading figures of the Civil Rights era with
their respective groups and goals
– Strom Thurmand, Eugene “Bull” Connor, George
Wallace, Diane Nash, Betty Friedan, Martin Luther
King Jr., Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael, Albert Gore
SR.
• Read and interpret Cold War documents
– Truman’s announcement of dropping the atomic
bombs, the contrast between Eisenhower’s farewell
speech and Kennedy’s speech at his inauguration,
Goldwater’s 1964 party nomination acceptance
speech, Johnson’s Gulf of Tonkin declaration

81. • Strom Thurmand
– Opposed Civil Rights
• Eugene “Bull” Connor
– Opposed civil rights by trying to keep segreagation going on the
Birmingham buses
• George Wallace
– Opposed civil rights
• Diane Nash
– Organized sit ins in Nashville (Pro Civil Rights)
• Betty Frieden
– Major leader in the feminist movement
– Wrote The Feminine Mystique
• Martin Luther King Jr.
• Malcom X
– Pro civil rights, black supremicists
• Stokely Carmichael
– Pro Civil Rights, member of the Black Panthers
• Albert Gore Sr.
– White senator who was pro civil rights and was against segregation

82. 9.12, 9.13, 9.14
• Identify the changes in the music industry
brought about by Tennessee’s influence
– Grand Ole Opry, WSM, Nashville music publishing,
Memphis Sun Studio & Stax Records, Elvis Presley
• Evaluate socio-economic impact of the post
World War II Baby Boomer generation
– Media, Entertainment, Sports, Suburbia, Education,
and Counterculture
• Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of
increased global trade and competition on the US
economy

83. • Nashville and the Grand Ole Opry
– Tennessee popularizes country music on a
national scale through the Grand Ole Opry
• Radio program broadcast on Nashville’s WSM radio
• Ralph Emery
– DJ who helped make the Opry the longest running radio
program in history
• Memphis
– Sun Studios and Stax Records
• Elvis Presley
– Records rock n’ roll at Sun Studios
• Otis Redding
– Music featured on Stax Records which helped expose soul
music and make it popular

84. • Time of change and return to normalcy
– Television
– TV Dinners
– Box Cakes
– Life in the suburbs
• All of this fueled by renewed consumerism
– US gears down its war production
• Baby Boom
– When the great generation returns home a baby boom results
– Increased the population by 20%
– Search for the American Dream
• Came to include a family with a house in the suburbs
• Cookie Cutter homes
• Changing Lifestyles
– Americans stay home to watch television instead of going out
– In a ten year span the amount of households with a TV increases
by 41 million

85. 10.1, 10.2, 10.3
• Match Innovators or entrepreneurs in the new
economy
– Sam Walton, Michael Dell, Ray Kroc, Lee Iococca,
Donald Trump, Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Jeff Bezos
• Recognize the roles of the key figures of
Watergate
– Administration, investigators, media
• Use a timeline to identify America’s interest and
participation in Southeast Asia since World War II

86. • Same Walton
– Founder of Wal-Mart
• The world’s larges retail chain
• Michael Dell
– Created the Dell Corporation
• Sold customized computers over the telephone
• Ray Kroc
– McDonald’s
– Introduces mass-produced food on a large scale
• Lee Iacocca
– Chrysler
– Buys Chrysler and brings it back from the brink of bankruptcy
• Donald Trump
– Made a fortune in the real estate business in NYC
• Bill Gates
– Microsoft
– Once the world’s wealthiest man
• Steve Jobs
– Apple Computers
• Ipod, Ipad…
• Developed computer alternatives for the PC
• Jeff Bezos
– Amazon.com
– Brought online shopping to the masses

87. • Watergate
– Nixon runs for re-election
• Democratic National Committee’s office broken into
– DNC’s office located in the Watergate complex in Washington DC
– Senate begins investigating Nixon’s link to the break in
» Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein from the Washington Post
• Journalists who used investigative journalism for the next two
years
– White House Tapes
• Nixon Refuses
– Refuses to release White House tapes of conversations concerning
Watergate
– Vice President Spiro Agnew
» Steps down from office when charged with taking bribes
» Gerald R Ford nominated as the new Vive President
– Nixon Releases the Secret Tapes
• Discovered that he had ordered a cover-up of the Watergate
break-in
• Strong possibility of impeachment
– Nixon steps down as president on August 9, 1974
– Gerald Ford sworn in as the next president
» Ford pardons Nixon
• Controversial decision

88. 10.4, 10.5
• Compare and contrast the Reagan and George
H.W. Bush administrations with the Clinton
administration and the nature of their respective
political opposition
– Economic, domestic, budgets, foreign policy, ethics,
and generational values
• Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of
increased global trade and competition on the US
economy
– NAFTA treaty, import quotas, free trade agreements

89. • Reagan and Bush • Clinton
– Ronald Reagan – His campaign brings together
• President from 1981-1989 Democrats
• Called for a return to basic – Wins election of 1992
American values • Focuses on social policy
– Emphasis on family
life, patriotism, respect for law • Rough start for Clinton
and order, and a reduction in – Economy Booms Again
the intrusion of the federal
government into the lives of • 1993 North American Free Trade
Americans Agreement (NAFTA)
» Said the government – US, Canada, and Mexico
collected too much taxes – Eliminated all trade barriers
and spent too much on among the three countries
social programs » Opponents predict a loss
– Reaganomics of American jobs
• Deregulation » Supporters believe
NAFTA would expand
– First step to deregulate the consumer markets
rules placed by government on
American businesses
– Proposed reducing taxes on
businesses and individuals to
jumpstart the economy
» Critics predict
Reaganomics will fail
– Bush
• Economy declines
• Bush forced to raise taxes
– During his campaign he had
promised “Read my lips…no
new taxes”

90. • 1993 North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA)
– US, Canada, and Mexico
– Eliminated all trade barriers among the three
countries
• Opponents predict a loss of American jobs
• Supporters believe NAFTA would expand consumer
markets
• NAFTA is a free trade ageement
• Import Quotas
– Place a limit on the amount of a certain good that
can be imported
• Used to protect local business