1. By
Maryum Atique
M. Phill chemistry
University of Agriculture
FSD.

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Quality Assessment and its Importance
 Type of Quality Parameter
 Explanation and Discussion
 Applications of Q.A.
 Questions and Answer session
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3. HYDROSPHERE
 It Contain all the water
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resources
It include
(Oceans,Rivers,lakes,Glaci
ers,Ground Water etc)
Oceans contain 97%,high
salt contents, not useable
Glaciers contain 2%
Fresh water (surface
water,rivers,lakes,ground
water) 1%
Distribution of
water
oceans
glaciers
fresh

4. Fresh water
consumption
1% fresh water is
consumed as
• 69% is used in
agriculture
• 23% is used in
industries
• 8% is used for
domestic
purpose
Uses
agriculture
industry
domestic

5. Water Quality
 Water quality refers to the chemical, physical and
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biological characteristics of water
Another general perception of water quality is that of a
simple property that tells whether water is polluted or not.
It is a measure of the condition of water relative to the
requirements of one or more biotic species and or to any
human need or purpose.
The most common standards used to assess water quality
relate to health of ecosystems, safety of human health
and drinking water.
In fact, water quality is a complex subject, in part because
water is a complex medium.

6. Water quality assessment
 Water quality is determined by assessing three classes of
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parameters: biological, chemical, and physical.
Biological parameter : Biological attributes refer to
the number and types of organisms that inhabit a waterway
Chemical parameters: include
DO,COD,BOD,HARDNESS,Silanity,pH etc
Assessment of water quality by its chemistry includes
measures of many elements and molecules dissolved or
suspended.
Physical parameters : includes
TSS,TDS,Temp,colour,odour,etc

7. Water quality parameter
 are considered of primary importance to the quality of
drinking water
 the EPA drinking water standards are categorized as
primary drinking water standards and secondary drinking
water standards
 Primary drinking water standards regulate organic and
inorganic chemicals, microbial pathogens, and radioactive
elements that may affect the safety of drinking water
 Secondary drinking water standards regulate
chloride, colour, copper, corrosivity, foaming
agents, iron, manganese, odour, pH, sulfates, total
dissolved solids, and zinc, all of which may affect qualities
of drinking water like taste, odour, colour, and appearance.

8. BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
 Biological attributes refer to the number and types of
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organisms that inhabit a waterway
Bioassessment of
macro invertebrates is a procedure that uses
inexpensive equipment, is scientifically valid if done
correctly,
Bioassessments can provide benchmarks to which
other waters may be compared and can also be used to
define rehabilitation goals and to monitor trends
Method (Sample+TSB+25 t035C+72 Hours)

9. Chemical Assessment
 Commonly measured chemical parameters
include pH,alkalinity , hardness, nitrates, nitrites and
ammonia, ortho and total phosphates, and dissolved
oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand
 Chemical measures can also be used to detect
imbalances within the ecosystem.
 In addition, some "chemical" measurements actually
indicate the physical presence of pollutants in water.
These include measurements such as conductivity and
density.

10. DO
 Oxygen saturation or dissolved oxygen (DO) is a
relative measure of the amount of oxygen that
is dissolved or carried in a given medium
 It can be measured with a dissolved oxygen
probe such as an oxygen sensor or an opted in liquid
media, usually water. The standard unit is milligrams
per litre (mg/l) or parts per million (ppm).
 Also known as Oxy.saturation
 Prob are like fule cell.semipermiable membrine

11. DO Probe

12. BOD
 Biochemical oxygen demand or B.O.D is the amount
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of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms
in a body of water to break down organic material present
in a given water sample at certain temperature over a
specific time period
This is not a precise quantitative test
although it is widely used as an indication of the organic
quality of water
The BOD value is most commonly expressed in milligrams
of oxygen consumed per litre of sample during 5 days of
incubation at 20 °C
Method

13. COD
 chemical oxygen demand (COD) test is commonly used to indirectly
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measure the amount of organic compounds in water
Most applications of COD determine the amount
of organic pollutants found in surface water (e.g. lakes and rivers)
or wastewater
. It is expressed in milligrams per liter (mg/L)
Strong oxidizing agent are used at acidic conditions
COD = (C/FW)(RMO)(32)
Where C = Concentration of oxidizable compound in the sample
,FW = Formula weight of the oxidizable compound in the sample
,RMO = Ratio of the # of moles of oxygen to # of moles of oxidizable
compound in their reaction to CO2, water, and ammonia
For example, if a sample has 500 wppm of phenol:
C6H5OH + 7O2 → 6CO2 + 3H2OCOD = (500/94)(7)(32) = 1191 wppm

14. IMPORTANCE
 Every living thing on earth needs water to survive
 Human bodies are made up of more than 60 percent water
 We use clean water to drink, grow crops for food, operate factories, and
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for swimming, surfing, fishing and sailing. Water is vitally important to
every aspect of our lives
Monitoring the quality of surface water will help protect our waterways
from pollution.
Farmers Our local, state and national governments use monitoring
information to help control pollution levels.
Water quality can be difficult to measure. Water is a vast network of
branching rivers, springs, creeks, swamps, estuaries, wetlands, lakes, b
ays, etc
so the more we monitor our water the better we will be able to
recognize and prevent contamination problems.

15. SOME PARAMETERS
• Color : colorless
 TSS : < ,80 ppm
 Odor: Odorless
 pH : 6 to 8
 Temp.15 to 25
 DO : >5ppm
 Salinity : <50 ppm
 Ozone : < 0.005 ppm
TDS : < 400 ppm
Fe :

16. Water Quality Standards
Parameter
Alkalinity (as CaCO3)
Ammonia (NH3-N unionized)
Ammonia (TAN) Cool-water
fish
Ammonia (TAN) Warm-water
fish
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Tolerant Species (tilapia)
Sensitive Species (salmonids)
Concentration
(mg/L)
50-300
<0.0125
(Salmonids)
<1.0
<3.0
<60
<20

17. Water Quality Standards
Parameter
Concentration (mg/L)
Hardness, Total (as
CaCO3)
Iron (Fe)
>100
Nitrogen (N2)
<110% total gas pressure
<0.15
<103 % as nitrogen gas
Nitrite (NO2)
<1, 0.1 in soft water
Nitrate (NO3)
0-400 or higher
Recirculating Aquaculture
Systems Short Course

18. Water Quality Standards
Parameter
Concentration (mg/L)
Oxygen Dissolved (DO)
>5
> 90 mm Hg partial pressure
Ozone (O3)
<0.005
pH
6.5-8.5
Salinity
<0.5 to 1
Total dissolved solids (TDS)
<400
Total suspended solids (TSS) <80
Recirculating Aquaculture
Systems Short Course