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Spanish Colonial Period

     Political System
Reporters:
       Nestor Castro
    Juliedel Cunanan
Christine Nicole Matundan
   Ferdinand Orpiano
       Jobelle Rigor

BSHRM 3-1 (HISTO 100)
 Philippine Government during the Pre-
  Spa
nish & Spanish Era - YouTube.FLV
 Spanish Era in the Philippines -
  YouTube.FLV
INTRODUCTION

    The Philippines was not formally
  organized as a Spanish colony until 1565
  when Philip II appointed Miguel Lopez de
  Legazpi the first Governor-General.
  Legazpi selected Manila for the capital of
  the colony in 1571 because of its fine
  natural harbour and the rich lands
  surrounding the city that could supply it
  with produce.
 The colonization brought great changes
  in the political, economic and cultural
  life of the people.
Changes Brought by
Spanish Colonizers
   The foremost aim of Spanish
    colonization was to spread
    Christianity.
   The second aim of the Spanish
    colonizers was economic wealth.
   The third aim of Spanish
    colonization was political grandeur.
COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION

 For over 333 years, the Philippines was a crown
 colony of Spain. Until 1821 when the Mexican's
 revolted and won independence from Spain, the
 Philippines was a dependency of Mexico, being
 administered by the viceroy in the name of the king.
 From 1821 to 1898, the country was a distinct
 government unit under the direct control of the
 home government in Madrid. The king issued
 cedulas for the administration of the colony and
 appointed a governor, member of the royal audiencia
 and          other           high          officials.
Cedula




 1896 Cedula Personal issued in Manila. This is similar
 to the cedula torn by the Katipuneros
ENCOMIENDA
              It comes from the Spanish
               word encomendar which
               means "to entrust".
              The earliest political system
               used during the conquista
               period was the encomienda
               system.
              Under     the encomienda
               system,       the       native
               inhabitants in a given
               geographic region were
               entrusted         to        an
               encomendero or trustee as
               a reward for his service to
               the Spanish Crown.
Principalia
List of the Officials in some towns of
Iloilo elected by their respected
Principales in 1855.
KING OF SPAIN


                         THE COLONIAL GOVERNMENT

    THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH                       THE JUDICIAL BRANCH
       (Governor General)                    (Royal Audencia, Residencia,
                                           Lower Courts, Governor-General)


PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT      MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT         CITY GOVERNMENT
       ALCALDIA               CORRIGIMIENTO               AYUNTAMIENTO
     (Alcalde Mayor)             (Corregidor)                (Cabildo)


  PUEBLOS OR TOWNS                                            CABILDO
   (Gobernadorcillos)                                        City Council

                                                              •ALCALDE
                                                             •REGIDORES
       BARRIOS                                            •AGUACIL MAYOR
  (Cabeza de Barangay)                                      •ESCRIBANDO


                                                             BARRIOS
                                                        (Cabeza de Barangay)
THE SPANIARDS
        AS
COLONIAL MASTERS
Spain reigned over the Philippines for 333 years, from
1565 to 1898.

Since Spain was far from the country, the Spanish king
ruled the Islands through the viceroy of Mexico, which
was then another Spanish colony.



      KING OF SPAIN


     VICEROY OF MEXICO


        PHILIPPINES
When Mexico regained its freedom in
1821, the Spanish king ruled the
Philippines through a Governor
General, (GG).



          KING OF SPAIN


      GOVERNOR
   GENERAL


           PHILIPPINES
THE GOVERNOR
      GENERAL

The King's representative and the highest-ranking
official in the Philippines

Royal decrees and laws emanating from Spain
were implemented in the Philippines

Had the power to appoint and dismiss public
officials, except those personally chosen by the
King
Governor-General
THE GOVERNOR
      GENERAL

Supervised all government offices and the
collection of taxes

Exercised certain legislative powers

Issued proclamations to facilitate the
implementation of laws
Governor-General

             Miguel López de
              Legazpi
             April 27, 1565-
              August 20, 1572
THE GOVERNOR
     GENERAL

REQUIREMENT:

    Must be a PENINSULARES
         or A SPANIARD BORN IN SPAIN
Gobernadorcillo
   was a municipal judge or governor in
    the Philippines during the Spanish colonial
    period, who carried out in a town the combined
    charges or responsibilities of leadership,
    economic, and judicial administration. The
    Gobernadorcillo was the leader of a town or
    pueblo (people or population). In a coastal town,
    the "Gobernadorcillo" functioned as a Port
    Captain.
                Honor Accorded to
                Gobernadorcillos
THE POLITICAL STRUCTURE
    THE GOVERNOR
      GENERAL
    The Governor General and other
    government officials had so much
    power that it was commonly abused.
            To investigate the abuses, there
            were bodies created:

                   THE RESIDENCIA

      THE VISITA           THE ROYAL AUDENCIA
THE RESIDENCIA

This was a special judicial court that investigates
the performance of a Governor General who was
about to be replaced.

                       The Residencia, of which
the                    incoming Governor General
                       was usually a member,
                            submitted a report of
its                         findings to the King.
THE VISITA

The Council of the Indies in Spain sent a
government official called the VISITADOR
GENERAL to observe conditions in the colony.

                          The Visitador General
                          reported his findings
                          directly to the King.
The highest court in
THE ROYAL AUDENCIA
                               the land
Served as an advisory body to the Governor
General

Had the power to check and report on his
abuses

The Audiencia also audited the expenditures of
the colonial government

Sent a yearly report to Spain

The Archbishop and other government officials
THE ROYAL AUDENCIA



  Despite all these checks, however, an
  abusive governor general often managed
  to escape stiff fines, suspension, or
  dismissal by simply bribing the Visitador
  and other investigators.
THE PROVINCIAL
     GOVERNMENT

The Spaniards created Local Government Units (LGU)
for the provinces

There were two types of local government units:


 ALCALDIA                  CORRIGIMIENTO


     Alcalde                     Corregidor
     Mayor
THE PROVINCIAL
 GOVERNMENT

  The ALCADIA, led by the
             Alcalde Mayor
  governed the provinces that had
  been fully subjugated:

  UNDER SPANISH CONTROL
  ALREADY

  SALARY: P300 A MONTH
THE PROVINCIAL
   GOVERNMENT

DUTIES OF THE ALCALDE MAYOR:

They represented the Spanish king and the
Governor-General

They managed the day-to-day operations of the
provincial government

Implemented laws and supervised the collection
of taxes
THE PROVINCIAL
 GOVERNMENT




  The CORREGIMIENTO, headed by

            Corregidor
THE PROVINCIAL
    GOVERNMENT

The ALCADIA and the CORREGIMIENTO

Though they were paid a small salary,
they enjoyed privileges such as the

     INDULTO DE COMERCIO

or the right to participate in the

           GALLEON TRADE.
THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT

Each province was divided into several towns or
pueblos headed by GOBERNADORDCILLOS (Little
Governor)

MAIN DUTIES: Efficient governance and tax
collection.

Four lieutenants aided the Governardorcillo:
the Teniente Mayor (chief lieutenant),
the Teniente de Policia (police lieutenant),
the Teniente de Sementeras (lieutenant of the
fields)
THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT

  GOBERNADORDCILLOS

  They had SMALL SALARIES but were exempted
  from PAYING TAXES

  QUALIFICATIONS:
  Any NATIVE or CHINESE MEZTIZO
  25 years old
  Literate in ORAL or WRITTEN SPANISH
  Cabeza de Barangay for 4 years

  Ex: Emilio Aguinaldo
THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT

  CABEZA DE BARANGAY OR
      (Barrio Administrator or Barangay
                Captain)

  -Responsible for the peace and order of the
  barrio
  -Recruited men for public works

  QUALIFICATIONS:
  Cabezas should be literate in Spanish
  Have good moral character and property
  Cabezas who served for 25 years were
THE CITY GOVERNMENT

Larger towns became cities called:
           AYUNTAMIENTO
It became the center of trade and industry.

The ayuntamiento had a city council called the
            CABILDO

CABILDO is composed of:
    ALCALDE (MAYOR)
      REGIDORES (COUNCILLORS)
       ALGUACIL MAYOR (POLICE CHIEF)
         ESCRIBANDO (SECRETARY)

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Spanishcolonialgovernment

  • 1. Spanish Colonial Period Political System
  • 2. Reporters: Nestor Castro Juliedel Cunanan Christine Nicole Matundan Ferdinand Orpiano Jobelle Rigor BSHRM 3-1 (HISTO 100)
  • 3.  Philippine Government during the Pre- Spa nish & Spanish Era - YouTube.FLV  Spanish Era in the Philippines - YouTube.FLV
  • 4. INTRODUCTION  The Philippines was not formally organized as a Spanish colony until 1565 when Philip II appointed Miguel Lopez de Legazpi the first Governor-General. Legazpi selected Manila for the capital of the colony in 1571 because of its fine natural harbour and the rich lands surrounding the city that could supply it with produce.  The colonization brought great changes in the political, economic and cultural life of the people.
  • 5. Changes Brought by Spanish Colonizers  The foremost aim of Spanish colonization was to spread Christianity.  The second aim of the Spanish colonizers was economic wealth.  The third aim of Spanish colonization was political grandeur.
  • 6. COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION For over 333 years, the Philippines was a crown colony of Spain. Until 1821 when the Mexican's revolted and won independence from Spain, the Philippines was a dependency of Mexico, being administered by the viceroy in the name of the king. From 1821 to 1898, the country was a distinct government unit under the direct control of the home government in Madrid. The king issued cedulas for the administration of the colony and appointed a governor, member of the royal audiencia and other high officials.
  • 7. Cedula 1896 Cedula Personal issued in Manila. This is similar to the cedula torn by the Katipuneros
  • 8. ENCOMIENDA  It comes from the Spanish word encomendar which means "to entrust".  The earliest political system used during the conquista period was the encomienda system.  Under the encomienda system, the native inhabitants in a given geographic region were entrusted to an encomendero or trustee as a reward for his service to the Spanish Crown.
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  • 11. List of the Officials in some towns of Iloilo elected by their respected Principales in 1855.
  • 12. KING OF SPAIN THE COLONIAL GOVERNMENT THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH THE JUDICIAL BRANCH (Governor General) (Royal Audencia, Residencia, Lower Courts, Governor-General) PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT CITY GOVERNMENT ALCALDIA CORRIGIMIENTO AYUNTAMIENTO (Alcalde Mayor) (Corregidor) (Cabildo) PUEBLOS OR TOWNS CABILDO (Gobernadorcillos) City Council •ALCALDE •REGIDORES BARRIOS •AGUACIL MAYOR (Cabeza de Barangay) •ESCRIBANDO BARRIOS (Cabeza de Barangay)
  • 13. THE SPANIARDS AS COLONIAL MASTERS
  • 14. Spain reigned over the Philippines for 333 years, from 1565 to 1898. Since Spain was far from the country, the Spanish king ruled the Islands through the viceroy of Mexico, which was then another Spanish colony. KING OF SPAIN VICEROY OF MEXICO PHILIPPINES
  • 15. When Mexico regained its freedom in 1821, the Spanish king ruled the Philippines through a Governor General, (GG). KING OF SPAIN GOVERNOR GENERAL PHILIPPINES
  • 16. THE GOVERNOR GENERAL The King's representative and the highest-ranking official in the Philippines Royal decrees and laws emanating from Spain were implemented in the Philippines Had the power to appoint and dismiss public officials, except those personally chosen by the King
  • 18. THE GOVERNOR GENERAL Supervised all government offices and the collection of taxes Exercised certain legislative powers Issued proclamations to facilitate the implementation of laws
  • 19. Governor-General  Miguel López de Legazpi  April 27, 1565- August 20, 1572
  • 20. THE GOVERNOR GENERAL REQUIREMENT: Must be a PENINSULARES or A SPANIARD BORN IN SPAIN
  • 21. Gobernadorcillo  was a municipal judge or governor in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period, who carried out in a town the combined charges or responsibilities of leadership, economic, and judicial administration. The Gobernadorcillo was the leader of a town or pueblo (people or population). In a coastal town, the "Gobernadorcillo" functioned as a Port Captain. Honor Accorded to Gobernadorcillos
  • 22. THE POLITICAL STRUCTURE THE GOVERNOR GENERAL The Governor General and other government officials had so much power that it was commonly abused. To investigate the abuses, there were bodies created: THE RESIDENCIA THE VISITA THE ROYAL AUDENCIA
  • 23. THE RESIDENCIA This was a special judicial court that investigates the performance of a Governor General who was about to be replaced. The Residencia, of which the incoming Governor General was usually a member, submitted a report of its findings to the King.
  • 24. THE VISITA The Council of the Indies in Spain sent a government official called the VISITADOR GENERAL to observe conditions in the colony. The Visitador General reported his findings directly to the King.
  • 25. The highest court in THE ROYAL AUDENCIA the land Served as an advisory body to the Governor General Had the power to check and report on his abuses The Audiencia also audited the expenditures of the colonial government Sent a yearly report to Spain The Archbishop and other government officials
  • 26. THE ROYAL AUDENCIA Despite all these checks, however, an abusive governor general often managed to escape stiff fines, suspension, or dismissal by simply bribing the Visitador and other investigators.
  • 27. THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT The Spaniards created Local Government Units (LGU) for the provinces There were two types of local government units: ALCALDIA CORRIGIMIENTO Alcalde Corregidor Mayor
  • 28. THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT The ALCADIA, led by the Alcalde Mayor governed the provinces that had been fully subjugated: UNDER SPANISH CONTROL ALREADY SALARY: P300 A MONTH
  • 29. THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT DUTIES OF THE ALCALDE MAYOR: They represented the Spanish king and the Governor-General They managed the day-to-day operations of the provincial government Implemented laws and supervised the collection of taxes
  • 30. THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT The CORREGIMIENTO, headed by Corregidor
  • 31. THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT The ALCADIA and the CORREGIMIENTO Though they were paid a small salary, they enjoyed privileges such as the INDULTO DE COMERCIO or the right to participate in the GALLEON TRADE.
  • 32. THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT Each province was divided into several towns or pueblos headed by GOBERNADORDCILLOS (Little Governor) MAIN DUTIES: Efficient governance and tax collection. Four lieutenants aided the Governardorcillo: the Teniente Mayor (chief lieutenant), the Teniente de Policia (police lieutenant), the Teniente de Sementeras (lieutenant of the fields)
  • 33. THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT GOBERNADORDCILLOS They had SMALL SALARIES but were exempted from PAYING TAXES QUALIFICATIONS: Any NATIVE or CHINESE MEZTIZO 25 years old Literate in ORAL or WRITTEN SPANISH Cabeza de Barangay for 4 years Ex: Emilio Aguinaldo
  • 34. THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT CABEZA DE BARANGAY OR (Barrio Administrator or Barangay Captain) -Responsible for the peace and order of the barrio -Recruited men for public works QUALIFICATIONS: Cabezas should be literate in Spanish Have good moral character and property Cabezas who served for 25 years were
  • 35. THE CITY GOVERNMENT Larger towns became cities called: AYUNTAMIENTO It became the center of trade and industry. The ayuntamiento had a city council called the CABILDO CABILDO is composed of: ALCALDE (MAYOR) REGIDORES (COUNCILLORS) ALGUACIL MAYOR (POLICE CHIEF) ESCRIBANDO (SECRETARY)