Was asked to prepare a presentation on the development of fuel cell vehicles in Europe to date and what the likely future holds.
On top of this I was also asked to look into BMW's activities into low carbon vehicles (spoiler: very little)
3. Toyota Prius sales
3rd gen model
1% launched
EU % sales UK % sales World % sales
New vehicle sales percentage
0.75%
2nd gen model
0.5% launched
0.25%
0%
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Source: Toyota, OICA
4. Annual UK sales
30,000 1.5%
Hybrid EV % of total sales
22,500 1.125%
15,000 0.75%
7,500 0.375%
0 0%
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: SMMT
6. 2050 projections
Petrol / Diesel PHEV EV FCEV
5% 5%
10%
26%
35%
25%
60%
35%
Source: McKinsey & Co
7. “By 2015, three of the world’s
major automakers could produce
twenty to thirty thousand fuel cell
vehicles”
Fuel Cell Today
8. 2050 projections
Petrol / Diesel PHEV EV FCEV
13.7m 13.7m
27.3m 68.3m
95.6m
68.3m
163.8m
95.6m
Source: McKinsey & Co
9. Drivers for FCEVs
• EU emissions policy
• MoU between 8 major OEMs to commercialise
FCEVs by 2015
• Range anxiety amongst consumers - hindering BEV
uptake. Additionally BEVs are not suitable for long
distance or high motive power applications (e.g.
haulage)
• Experience delivered in LCVs reducing costs for
consumer vehicles
11. Return-to-base fleets
• Until a wide-scale hydrogen network is available only return-to-base
operations will make sense.
• Already uptake for forklifts in factories replacing electric lifters.
• Recent study for Heathrow exploring potential for H2 base. Forklifts,
baggage trollies, buses and taxis all take advantage of such a base and are
suited to FCs. Considerable environmental impact reductions from
implementation of H2 (sound, particulates, emissions etc.). Hamburg already
has baggage trollies in operation & public hydrogen refuelling station.
• Taxis are highly visible and will drive refuelling stations in city centres too.
IE’s partnership with LTI and Peugeot-Citreon help drive this.
12. Fuel cell buses
• Clean Urban Transport for Europe trial
• Fuel cell buses in 11 European cities
• Extended by 1 year in 5 cities
• London RV1 route has 8 H buses in
2
operation
• Also in Oslo, Milan, Bolzano, Aargau
14. Development focus
• Near term focus on Hybrids and BEVs
• Development of ConnectedDrive technology
• User interface and smart transport applications
to improve urban transport efficiency
• Long term focus on H2 in ICE
• Ancillary fuel cell for car electrics
• Launch of sustainability-focused BMWi brand
15. Hybrids
• 2 hybrid vehicles for consumers today
• ActiveHybrid X6 and ActiveHybrid 7
• X6 to be discontinued due to poor
consumer uptake
• Collaborating with PSA Peugeot Citroen to
develop hybrid drivetrains. First products
with new technology likely to be on market
by 2014
16. Electric Vehicles
MINI E - first BMW Group BEV
95 mile range (real world)
Trials began in 2009
Followed by ActiveE with 200 mile range
Development towards BMW i3 & i8
Targeted launch in 2013
To be first series production consumer BEVs
Image source: BMW and
(Creative Commons)
17. Hydrogen
• 745i Turbo
• First H2 vehicle BMW developed
• 1984 launch
• Based on ICE
• Hyrdrogen 7
• 2006 launch
• Bivalent ICE system
• Liquid H2 cryo-storage
• Range on H2 of approximately 200km
• 100 vehicles leased
• Development stopped in 2009
• To date, no commercial vehicles have been
released for sale
• Future R&D focus on cryogenic storage of H2
Image source: Ori Neidich (Creative
Commons)
18. BMW & fuel cells
• Development of PEM fuel cells since 1997 with UTC Power
• Fuel cell hybrid 1 Series: 2 drive trains, ICE powering front wheel base, FC
powering rear wheel base
• Using stationary fuel cells to power plants in USA
• Also using fuel cells in material handling equipment (forklifts etc.)
• Provided by Plug Power
