specific heat capacity: definition, experiment, problem solving, applications

1. MUATAN HABA TENTU
SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY

2. Air dalam baldi / water in the pail
Air dalam baldi / water in the pail

3. Air dalam baldi / water in the pail

4. Inference:
• A body with a ____________ mass
requires more heat to raise its
temperature by 1 C.
• The water in the _______
needs to be exposed to the
sunlight in a shorter time in
order to raise its
temperature by 1 ºC.
pail
larger

5. Haba yang diperlukan untuk
menaikkan suhu bahan sebanyak 1 °C
Heat required to increase temperature
of a substance by 1 °C
Air dalam kolam / water in the swimming pool

6. Haba yang diperlukan untuk
menaikkan suhu bahan sebanyak 1 °C
Heat required to increase temperature
of a substance by 1 °C
Air panas/ hot water
Semakin tinggi suhu, semakin besar muatan haba/
the higher the temperature, the more the heat capacity

7. Haba yang diperlukan untuk
menaikkan suhu bahan sebanyak 1 °C
Heat required to increase temperature
of a substance by 1 °C
Air panas di dalam cerek/ hot water in a kettle
Semakin besar jisim, semakin besar muatan haba/
the higher the mass, the more the heat capacity

8. THE IDEA OF HEAT CAPACITY
• With the same temperature a cup
of hot coffee cause more injury on
a body compare than a drop of hot
coffee.
Why?
The larger the mass of an object,
the larger amount of heat it can
store.
A CUP OF COFFEE HAS MORE HEAT
CAPACITY

9. Why do the metal parts of the car gets really
hot while the plastic and other materials stay
at more bearable temperature?
• The metal and plastic
have different specific
heat capacities.

10. Why Hot Apple Pies Burn?
•The crust and the
apple jam have
different heat capacity
We can touch the crust
Apple jam is very hot

11. Kubus B/ cube B

12. jisim/ mass
Jenis bahan/ type of substances
suhu/ temperature

13. Haba yang diperlukan bagi 1 kg bahan
untuk menaikkan suhu sebanyak 1 °C/
heat required for 1 kg substance to
increase the temperature by 1 °C
haba/energy
jisim/ mass
Kenaikan suhu/
Increase in temperature
Muatan haba tentu/
specific heat capacity
J
kg
°CJ kg-1°C-1

14. Kuantiti haba
Amount of heat, J
Jisim / Mass, kg
Muatan haba tentu
Specific heat capacity
Kenaikan suhu/
Temperature difference

15. 900 J haba diperlukan untuk menaikkan suhu
sebanyak 1 °C bagi 1 kg aluminium/
900 J of heat is required to increase the
temperature by 1 °C for 1 kg aluminium.

16. 4 200 J haba diperlukan untuk menaikkan suhu
sebanyak 1 °C bagi 1 kg air
4 200 J of heat is required to increase the
temperature by 1 °C for 1 kg water.

17. m = 2 θ = 70-30 = 40 c = 500
Q = mcθ = (2)(500)(70 – 30) = 40,000 J

18. m = 0.1 θ = 100-20 = 40 c = 129
Q = mcθ = (0.1)(129)(80) = 1 032 J

21. Mengurangkan haba hilang ke persekitaran
To reduce heat from the heater lost to surrounding

22. Nilai c lebih besar/The value of c from experiment is larger.
Terdapat kehilangan haba, there is heat lost,
θ rendah dari nilai sepatutnya /so the value of θ is lower
than the expected value
Formula c=Q/mθ,
jadi c besar jika θ kecil/ c will be higher if θ is lower.

23. • Heat energy cannot be created.
• However, electrical energy, potential energy and
kinetic energy can be converted to heat energy.
Electrical energy
Heat energy
Pt = mcө
Potential energy Heat energy
mgh = mcө
Kinetic energy Heat energy
½ mv2 = mcө
heater
Power = P
Object falls from
a high position
Moving object
stopped
due to friction

26. Heat absorbed = heat released
0.2 x c x (ϴ- 40) = 0.8 x c x (100 - ϴ)
0.2ϴ - 8 = 80 - 0.8ϴ
ϴ = 80 + 8 = 88 ⁰C

29. Potential energy = heat
mgh = mcθ → 10 x 12 = 128 x ϴ
ϴ = 0.9375 ⁰C

30. APPLICATIONSOF SPECIFICHEAT CAPACITY

31. Cepat panas &
cepat sejuk
Fast heated up &
Fast cooled down
Peka pada perubahan
suhu.
Sensitive to
temperature change

32. Lambat panas dan
lambat sejuk.
Heats up and cools
down at a slower rate.
Boleh serap haba
dengan kuantiti banyak.
Can absorb a great
amount of heat

34. DESIGNING A COOKING POT
HANDLE :
Plastic
High specific
heat capacity.
Poor heat
conductor
BASE :
Copper
Low specific heat
capacity.
Heats up very
quickly.
BODY :
Aluminium
Low specific heat
capacity.
Heats up quickly

35. • Tapak kuprum/Copper base :
• Muatan haba tentu rendah. Periuk menjadi panas
dengan cepat. Ini membolehkan makanan dimasak
dalam periuk dengan cepat.
• low specific heat capacity. The pot becomes hot very
quickly. This enables quick cooking of the food in
the pot.
• Ketumpatan tinggi: Tapak yang berat memastikan
periuk stabil dan tidak mudah terbalik
• High density. The heavier base ensures that the pot
is stable and will not topple over easily.

36. • Pemegang kayu/Wooden handle: :
• Muatan haba tentu tinggi. Pemegang tidak mudah
panas apabila haba diserap. Konduktor haba lemah.
• High specific heat capacity. The handle will not
become too hot when heat is absorbed. Poor
conductor of heat.
• Badan Aluminium/Alumni body:
• Muatan haba tentu rendah. Periuk cepat panas.
Ketumpatan rendah supaya ia ringan.
• Low specific heat capacity. The pot becomes hot
quickly. Low density so it will be lighter

37. Bayu laut1. Waktu siang,
haba diserap
oleh darat dan
air.
2. Muatan haba tentu
laut besar, lambat
panas.
3. Muatan haba tentu darat
rendah. Darat lebih cepat
panas.
4. Udara panas
di atas darat
naik. Tekanan
rendah
5. Udara sejuk
dari laut
(tekanan tinggi)
bergerak ke
darat.
Pergerakan udara sejuk
dari laut ke darat

38. Sea Breeze1. During the
day, heat is
absorbed by the
land and sea
2. Sea has a high
specific heat capacity
which temperature
increases slower.
3. Land has a low specific heat
capacity which temperature
increases faster. Land is
warmer than sea.
4. Warm air
above the land
rises. Becomes
low pressure
5. Cool air from
the sea (high
pressure) moves
towards the
land as sea
breeze.
The movement of cool
air from sea to land

39. Bayu Darat3. Udara panas di
atas laut naik ke atas.
Tekanan menjadi
rendah
2. Laut lebih panas
dari darat. Lambat
hilang haba.
1. Darat cepat hilang haba dari
laut sebab muatan haba
tentunya rendah.
4. Udara sejuk
dari darat
(tekanan tinggi)
bergerak ke laut.
Pergerakan udara sejuk
dari darat ke laut

40. Land Breeze3. Hot air
above the sea
rises. Low
pressure
2. Sea is hotter than
the land which loses
heat slower.
1. Land loses heat faster than
sea at night due to its low
specific heat capacity
4. Cool air from
the land (high
pressure) moves
towards the sea
to replace the
rising air
The movement of cool
air from land to sea

41. Sistem penyejukan enjin kereta
Cooling system of a car
engine
Air digunakan sebagai penyejuk / Water is used as coolant:
• Takat didih tinggi – tidak mudah menjadi gas
High boiling point – not change to gas easily
• Muatan haba tentu tinggi supaya menyerap haba dengan
banyak /High specific heat capacity so can absorb a lot of
heat.
• Banyak / mudah didapati – murah dan kos rendah
Abundant, Economical –so cheaper & save cost

42. Air dipam ke enjin
Water pump
Pumps the water into
the engine block
Haba dari enjin
diserap oleh air.
Heat produced by the
engine is absorbed
by the water
Air panas mengalir
ke radiator The hot
water flows to the
radiator
Haba dibebaskan ke udara
sejuk yang mengalir melalui
kipas penyejuk. Heat is
released to the cooler air that
flows through the cooling fans.