The Evolution of High Productivity Vehicles in Australia and their Benefits

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1 International Convention 2018 Wroclaw | Poland
Linking CEE to the World | Impact of the Electric Car Revolution
Wroclaw | 3 – 6 June 2018
Associate Professor Kim Hassall
National Chair Education & Professional Development CILT-Australia
THE EVOLUTION OF HIGH
PRODUCTIVITY VEHICLES IN
AUSTRALIA AND THEIR BENEFITS

B-Double: 9 axle configuration
Length 25-26m, Width 2.5m Height max 4.3m
Weight 62.5 tonnes GVM (68 Tonnes with mass management accreditation)
6 Axle Single Articulated Combination (the work horse of the national fleet)
Length 19m, Width 2.5m Height max 4.3m: Weight 42.5 tonnes GVM (45.5 Tonnes with
mass management accreditation)

B-Doubles have proving safe
Semi Trailers
carry 16% of the freight
and contribute over 35% of
the major truck crashes
B Doubles
represent 43% of the
freight with 28% of
the major crashes

From cautious Start to an unstoppable tide:
27.5% per annum compounding growth
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
1986 1988 1996 1998 2002 2004 2010 2014 2016
Growth in Australian B-Doubles
1986 - 2016

Environmental Performance
(Minus 2 Pallets)
No of
trucks
2
3
7
11
Fuel
Syd-Bris
1.105 L
1.300 L
2.191 L
2.860 L
NOx
kg
22
26
44
57
PMg
390
460
770
1000
CO2
ton
3,0
3,5
5,9
7,7
Source: Volvo Trucks

3. The Next Step in Introducing
High Productivity Vehicles (PBS)
The Performance Based Standards Scheme
1998- 2006 (National Road Transport
Commission) - NTC
2006 – Current (national Heavy Vehicle
Regulator) NHVR

• National Transport Commission has developed a
number of tools that have underpinned efforts to
heighten freight productivity and make more
effective use of infrastructure. Re 1998
• Performance-based standards (PBS)
Access for these vehicles is through the new
National Heavy Vehicle Regulator
www.nhvr.gov.au

Performance Based Standards
(Vehicle Engineering Performance Criteria)
• Startability
• Gradability
• Acceleration
• Overtaking
• Tracking
ability
• Low speed
off tracking
• Frontal Swing
• Tail swing
• Steer tyre
friction
• Static Rollover
• Rearward
amplification
• Yaw Damping
• High Speed Transient
Off tracking
• Standard axle
repetition
• Horizontal Tyre forces
• Bridge weight limits
• Australian Design
Rules, and
• Australian Vehicle
standards.
https://www.nhvr.gov.au/road-access/performance-based-standards/pbs-
vehicle-standards

8 X 4 Twin Steer PBS Semitrailer

4 Axle Dog HPV/HML

8x4 Quad axle Axle Dog Tanker

5 Axle Dog HML/PBS

6 Axle Dog HML/HPV

Quad(Quad B-Double EBD) HPV

Super B-Double – Quad / Quad Configuration

A Double Bulk Grain HML/HPV

A Double container HML/HPV

A-Double – Side Tipper

B Triple Volumetric HPV

Container B-Triple

BA Triple

AAB-Quad

BAB QUAD (DOUBLE B DOUBLE)

AAB Quad Tanker HPV

AAB Quad Tipper HPV

Articulated Vehicles Only ? Long Distance Only?
Modular Truck and Multi Pig - Urban
Level 1 – Extended
Length Urban Rigid
New Dutch B Triple
( 3 containers 70 Tonnes
GVM)

Parcel 8x4 Extended length, 36 Mail Cages Rigid

Productivity Savings – Kilometres Saved
Comparison
Conventional vehicle
PBS
Vehicle Type
Fractional Km saving using
PBS vehicle 1
6 Axle semi 6/7AA Semi 0.168
HR3ATD Rigid HR3ATD 0.116
B-Double (articulated) Enhanced BD 0.234
B-Double (articulated) Super BD 0.343
B-Double (articulated) ADouble 0.334
B-Double (articulated) BTriple 0.312
B-Double (articulated) A Triple 0.307
B-Double (articulated) Quad Trailers 0.421

PBS Fleet Operators - Savings
| PRESENTATION TITLE | DATE31
Year 2034 2034 2034
Forecast Low Forecast Medium Forecast High
Rigid PBS 4221 4791 6221
Articulated PBS 5214 10744 13801
Total PBS Vehicles 9,435 15,534 20,022
Kilometre savings (B kms) 5.38 8.86 11.42
Savings to 2034 ($Aus m) $9,551 $17,259 $22,212
Forecast Growth% p.a. 4.0% 7.0% 8.5%
2015 Base fleet1 56,657 56,657 56,657
% of 2015 Base Fleet 16.6% 27.4% 35.3%
Forecast 2034 Base Fleet 113,610 113.610 113,610
% of 2034 Base Fleet 8.3% 13.6% 17.6%
Fuel Saving (Billion litres) 1.97 3.24 4.18
Fatalities Savings to 2034 70 115 149

Comparison
Conventional
Vehicle
Accident Rate
per 100m kms
Accident Rate
per 10K
Vehicles
PBS/HPV Vehicle
Configuration
PBS Accident Rate
per 100m kms
PBS Accident Rate per 10K
vehicles
HR with 3A Trailer
9.1 76.3
HR 3ATD 8.40 nsv3
HR with 3ATrailer HR 4ATD 8.43 nsv3
TOTAL Rigid Comb 9.1 76.3 TOTAL Rigid Comb 7.8 76.0
Semi-Trailer 20.7 148 6/7AA Semi 9.8 nsv3
B-Double
8.9 145.1
EB-Double 6.5 nsv3
B-Double B-Triple 4.2 nsv3
B-Double A-Double 13.75 nsv3
Road Train 1/2 22.5 335.9 AA, AB, BA Triple 4.2 nsv3
B-Double 8.9 145.1 AAB BAB Quad 13.7 nsv3
TOTAL Articulated 15.3 171.6 TOTAL PBS Artic 6.2 153.9
TOTAL Conventional
13.6 143.3 TOTAL PBS 7.3 113.94
PBS Accident Safety Comparisons – 2 Surveys 2009 - 2016

PBS Benefit Cost Analyses - Australia
2009 – National Transport Commission – 1st BCA
http://ntc.gov.au/Media/Reports/(68A974FA-8A94-E7BF-9A12-4387D5B191E6).pdf
Appendix 1:
2014 – Austroads FS 1805 – Major National Study
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278671965_Quantifying_the_Benefits_of_Au
stralian_High_Productivity_Vehicles
2017 – National Transport Commission – PBS MarketPlace Review
https://www.ntc.gov.au/Media/Reports/(A15A7B20-7B3F-A167-797D-
3FAA24B87B27).pdf

Thank You
Associate Professor – Kim Hassall
Director Industrial Logistics Institute
https://www.linkedin.com/in/kim-hassall-0506a17/
hassallk@unimelb.edu.au
Kim.Hassall@cilta.com.au

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