Designing a SAN for the Next Decade
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Like a tsunami, the proliferation of data threatens to overwhelm the capacity of the average storage area network (SAN). According to a 2014 IDC study, worldwide data will grow from 4.4 zettabytes today to a whopping 44 zettabytes by 2020. How do you create a SAN that can efficiently handle a 10-fold increase in data in just 5 years without breaking your IT budget?
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Designing a SAN for the Next Decade
- 1. Designing and Deploying Converged Storage Area NetworksBhavin Yadav, Technical Marketing Engineer Storage Networking Technical Marketing Team April 2015
- 2. Data Center Challenges Storage Scalability Management Applications Multi PathPerformance
- 3. • Share Data • Manage Data • Protect Data • Reducing Deployment • Simplifying Management • Maintaining Security Network Convergence
- 4. Storage Protocol Technologies FCoE 1, 2, 4, 8, 10, 16 Gbps 1, 10, 40, 100 Gbps 10, 20 Gbps FC
- 5. Performs encapsulation of FC frames for FCoE transport and de-encapsulation of FCoE frames for FC transport. What Is FCoE? It’s Fibre Channel • From a Fibre Channel standpoint it’s • FC connectivity over a new type of cable called… Ethernet • From an Ethernet standpoint it’s • Yet another ULP (Upper Layer Protocol) to be transported FC-0 Physical Interface FC-1 Encoding FC-2 Framing & Flow Control FC-3 Generic Services FC-4 ULP Mapping Ethernet Media Access Control Ethernet Physical Layer FC-2 Framing & Flow Control FC-3 Generic Services FC-4 ULP Mapping FCoE Logical End Point FCP EthernetFC FCP FCoE
- 6. Frame Format SOF Frame Header Data Field CRC EOF Standard FC Frame Standard FCoE Frame FCoE Header Frame Header Data Field CRC EOFEth Header FCS Standard FC Frame
- 7. 7 Standards for FCoE FCoE is fully defined in FC-BB-5 standard FCoE works alongside additional technologies to make I/O Consolidation a reality T11 IEEE 802.1 FCoE FC on other network media FC on Other Network Media FC-BB-5 PFC ETS DCBX 802.1Qbb DCB 802.1Qaz 802.1Qaz Lossless Ethernet Priority Grouping Configuration Verification Published in May, 2010 Published in Fall 2011FCOE is finalized in all standard Bodies
- 9. Key Design Aspects • Multi-Tenancy and Virtualization: VSAN • High Availability / Redundancy: Port Channels • Scalability: Over-Subscription, NPV vs. Switch mode, Smart Zoning • Flexibility and Performance: ISLs and Uplinks using 10G FCoE and 8G/10G FC
- 10. • Virtualization • Multi-Tenancy • High Availability • Redundancy and Resiliency Multi Tenancy using VSANs
- 11. Port Channels are a link aggregation technology that provide increased ISL/Uplink scalability while providing increased HA • Up to 16 ISLs/Uplinks per Port Channel • Port Channel remains active until all links fail • Load balancing using SID, DID and OXID • Port Channel members can span ASICs, port groups and line cards • Port Channels can carry multiple VSANs (i.e. Trunking) HA / Fault Tolerance using Port Channels
- 12. Understanding Over-Subscription • Fan-In Ratio / Fan-Out Ratio • Port Over-Subscription • Bandwidth Over-Subscription • Host to Edge • Edge to Core • Core to Storage • Depends on • Application Type • Application IOPs
- 13. • Has “members” • Recommendation: 1-1 zoning • Any one can talk to any other member • Each pair consumes an ACL entry in TCAM • Result: n*(n-1) entries • Inefficient Management • Wasted Resources Zoning for Scalability i2 t2 i1 t1 Many to Many i2 t2 i1 t1 One to One
- 14. • Intelligent: • Uses Device Types to Create only I-T ACLs • Resource Efficiency • Optimized TCAMs • Reduced Zone DB size • Easy Management • One Zone, One Change • Cross-talk elimination • Increased Fabric Scalability How does Smart-Zoning help? i2 t2 i1 t1 X
- 15. • Scalability • Each fabric/blade Switch uses a single Domain ID • Theoretical maximum Domain IDs per fabric is 239 • Supported number of domains is typically smaller ~ 40-80 • Manageability • More FC domains / switches to manage • Shared management of blade switches between storage and server administrators Fabric Scalability Challenges Explosion with Fabric, Blade and TOR Switches
- 16. • NPV switch does not require Domain ID and does not participate in FC Control plane • NPV switch acts as a host aggregator to upstream NPIV FC or FCoE switch • Supported on MDS Fabric and Nexus switches (MDS 9148S, Nexus 5500, 5600) • Transparent Interoperability with other vendors • Reduces number of switches to manage Scalability using NPV mode
- 17. ISLs to meet High Performance Building High Performance ISLs using 8G / 10G FC and 10G FCoE Protocol Clocking (Gbps) Encoding (data/sent) Data Rate Gbps MB/s 8G FC 8.500 8b/10b 6.8 850 10G FC 10.51875 64b/66b 10.2 1275 10G FCoE 10.3125 64b/66b 10.0 1250
- 18. Fibre Channel (FC) Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) MDS NX-OS 6.2.5 & earlier MDS NX-OS 6.2.7 Phase-1 MDS NX-OS 6.2.9 Phase-2 N7x NX-OS 6.2(2) N7x NX-OS Gibraltar Flogi per line card 500 1,000 1,000 500 1,000 Flogi per switch 2,500 4,000 4,000 2,500 4,000 Zone members 16,000 30,000 30,000 16,000 30,000 Zones 8,000 16,000 16,000 8,000 16,000 Logins per fabric 10,000 20,000 20,000 10,000 20,000 FCNS entries per fabric 10,000 20,000 20,000 Not part of Matrix 20,000 No of Domains 60 60 80 60 80 NPV switches/ NPIV Core Switch 105 105 105 105 105 Device Alias 8,000 8,000 12,000 8,000 12,000 No. of VSANs per fabric 80 80 80 80 (VLAN) 80 (VLAN) No of Zone set per switch 500 500 500 500 500 Scale Numbers on MDS 9700 and Nexus 7x
- 20. • Fibre Channel Design • Edge - Core • Edge - Core - Edge • Hybrid Design • Top-of-Rack / End-of-Row FC with Core (FC / FCoE) • Top-of-Rack / End-of-Row FCoE with Core (FC / FCoE) • FCoE Design • Multi-hop FCoE • Dynamic FCoE Best Practice Designs
- 21. Network and Fabric SAN Design Two ‘or’ Three Tier Topology • “Edge-Core” or “Edge-Core- Edge” Topology • Servers connect to the edge switches • Storage devices connect to one or more core switches • HA achieved in two physically separate, but identical, redundant SAN fabric
- 22. • Switch Mode: All FC Control Plane features – VSAN, Zones, Domain ID, etc. • NPV Mode: • No FC Control plane participation • Limitation of NPV Switches (105) • Port pinning Top-of-Rack / End-of-Row Design
- 23. • Multi-Protocol Support • Future Proof • Similar to edge core design • Nexus switch in switch mode or npv mode (preferred) • Connectivity to MDS with either FC or FCoE FC Design: Hybrid (FC with FCoE)
- 24. • Edge-Core-Edge Design • Nexus 7K acting as core switches • LAN and SAN • Storage, Hosts (UCS) are FCoE • FCoE traverses from host to Storage Multi-hop FCoE Design
- 25. • Using Nexus 2000 as Top of Rack • Connected to N7K Core • Using FCoE UCS and Cisco SANs • Using Nexus FI as ToR • Connected to MDS or N5K/6K/7K Core • Using FC / FCoE
- 26. Dynamic FCoE over FabricPath Spine-Leaf Architecture
- 27. End-to-End FCoE Design Guide http://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en/us/products/collateral/s torage-networking/mds-9700-series-multilayer- directors/guide-c07-733622.pdf Fibre Channel over Ethernet Configuration and Troubleshooting Guide http://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en/us/products/collat eral/storage-networking/mds-9700-series- multilayer-directors/guide-c07-733622.pdf Ecosystem readiness
- 29. © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 29 Unified Fabric to transport both IP and FC storage traffic UCS 2.1 release unlocks multi-hop FCOE capability on UCS Fabric Interconnect Netapp “Wilbur” release Storage VDC LAN VDC UCS B Series Servers UCS Fabric Interconnect vPC 10 vPC 20 F1/F2/F2E LineCard Po1 Po1 NETAPP FAS Series HA Interconnect SAS link vPC FCOE link (dedicated) FCOE link (converged) CE port End-to-End FCoE using UCS FI + N7K SAN-A SAN-B
- 31. • Consistent design principles • Easily Scalable • Built-In Redundancy • Improved Performance • Simplified Management • Multi-Tenancy & Multi-Protocol Support Network Convergence using Cisco SANs
- 33. • Whitepapers: • 16G Platform: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/storage- networking/mds-9700-series-multilayer-directors/white-paper-listing.html • 8G Platform: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/storage- networking/mds-9500-series-multilayer-directors/white-paper-listing.html • Hyperlinks: • End-to-End FCoE Design Guide • Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) • Large SAN Design Best Practices Using Cisco MDS 9700 Series Multilayer Directors • Large SAN Design Best Practices Using Cisco MDS 9500 Series and 9710 Multilayer Directors Reference Material
- 34. • Customer Case Studies • Listing Page • MDS 9700: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/storage-networking/mds-9700- series-multilayer-directors/case-study-listing.html • MDS 9500: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/storage-networking/mds-9500- series-multilayer-directors/case-study-listing.html • Case Studies • Claims Management Company Makes 10-Year SAN Investment • Empowering Education and Advanced Research • Boeing Boosts Network Performance While Reducing Costs • Making NetApp Engineering Network Compatible with Future Systems • Health Care System Meets Storage Demands with Converged Infrastructure Reference Material