The document summarizes the main parts and functions of the human brain. It discusses the forebrain which includes the cerebrum, hypothalamus, and thalamus. The midbrain contains the tectum and tegmentum. The hindbrain is made up of the cerebellum, medulla oblongata, and pons. The cerebrum is the largest part and is divided into four lobes (frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal) which are responsible for functions like reasoning, movement, vision, and memory. The cerebellum coordinates body movements and maintains balance. The brainstem controls basic functions and relays messages between the brain and body. The hypothalamus regulates

1. Organization of Brain
Learning Points –
1. Forebrain : Cerebrum , Hypothalamus & Thalamus.
2. Midbrain : Tectum and Tegmentum.
3. Hindbrain : Cerebellum, Medulla Oblongata , Pons.
Presented by
Mr. Gaurav Pandey

4. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain.
It is composed of two hemispheres that are joined together by
heavy, dense bands of fibre called the corpus callosum.
The cerebrum is further divided into four sections or lobes:
Frontal lobe: It is associated with parts of speech, planning,
reasoning, problem-solving and movements.
Parietal lobe: Help in movements, the perception of stimuli and
orientation.
Occipital lobe: It is related to visual processing.
Temporal lobe: This region is related to perception and
recognition of memory, auditory stimuli, and speech.
Cerebrum

5. Cerebrum Function
i. Thinking,
ii. Intelligence
iii. Consciousness and memory.
iv. It is also responsible for interpreting
touch, hearing and vision.

7. The cerebellum is the second largest part of the brain, located
in the posterior portion of the medulla and pons.
The cerebellum and cerebrum are separated by tentorium
cerebelli and transverse fissure.
Cortex is the outer surface of the cerebellum, and its parallel
ridges are called the foila.
The cerebellum consists of two hemispheres, the outer grey
cortex and the inner white medulla.
It is mainly responsible for coordinating and maintaining the
body balance during walking, running, riding, swimming, and
precision control of the voluntary movements. The main
functions of the cerebellum include:

8. Cerebellum is associated with regulation
and coordination.
i. It senses equilibrium.
ii. Transfers information.
iii. Coordinates eye movement.
iv. it enables precision control of the
voluntary body movements.
v. Predicts the future position of the body
during a particular movement.
.

10. The brain stem controls the flow of
messages between the brain and the rest of
the body, and it also controls basic body
functions such as breathing, swallowing,
heart rate, blood pressure, consciousness,
and whether one is awake or sleepy.
The brain stem consists of the midbrain,
pons, and medulla oblongata.

12. The hypothalamus is a small and essential part of the brain,
located precisely below the thalamus and has following
functions:
Receives impulses.
Regulates body temperature
Controls the mood and emotions
Controls the sense of taste and smell
Synthesises the body’s essential hormones
Coordinates the messages from the autonomous nervous
system
Controls appetite, peristalsis, the rate of heartbeat, and blood
pressure
Forms an axis with the pituitary gland which is the main link
between the nervous and the endocrine systems

14. The thalamus is a small structure within the
brain located just above the brain stem
between the cerebral cortex and the
midbrain and has extensive nerve
connections to both. The main function of
the thalamus is to relay motor and sensory
signals to the cerebral cortex.

15. Besides the medulla oblongata, your brainstem also
has a structure called the pons.
The pons is a major structure in the upper part of
your brainstem.
It is involved in the control of breathing,
communication between different parts of
the brain, and sensations such as hearing, taste,
and balance.
PONS

16. Exercise for you all
1. What is Tectum and Tegmentum and associated with
which part of the brain ?
2. The brain is enclosed within the skull, where it is
suspended in a layer of fluid, what is that fluid ?
3. What is the mystery of Pineal Gland?
4. As we grow older, does our brain become smaller ?