Engl1101 Spring 2013-- Nagel

Information Literacy Outcomes
Efficiently access information relevant to the
identified need
Search strategy and methods

Critically evaluate information using applicable
criteria
Evaluating internet sources

Appropriately use information to fulfill the
identified need
Avoiding plagiarism

Develop a search strategy
Identify main topic

Brainstorm for related concepts

Come up with synonyms
Use a thesaurus

Search strategy
 Use “ “ or ( ) to keep words together & in
order, i.e., “senior citizens” or (senior
citizens)
 Connect with Boolean operators
AND is
AND = narrow automatically
used by Google
and other search
engines to
combine terms.
OR = expand
Sometimes a
program will use a
+ or – to
NOT = exclude substitute for
AND or NOT

PUT IT INTO PRACTICE
Developing search terms

Search terms
 Use these anywhere

CONCEPT 1 CONCEPT 2 CONCEPT 3

OR AN OR OR
AND
D
OR OR OR

• (Concept1 OR Synonym1A) AND Concept 2
• Concept 1 AND (Concept2 OR Synonym2B) AND Concept3
• (Concept1 OR Synonym1A OR Synonym1B) AND Synonym3A

Search methods
 Keyword
 Everyday language
 Searches everywhere in an item’s record
 MORE results, but may be LESS accurate

 Subject
 Formal language
 Specific, predetermined terms
 FEWER results, but may be MORE accurate

 Other fields
 Search in specific fields like Title or Author
 Options vary by database

KNOW WHERE TO LOOK
Books
Articles
Online resources

Use your search strategy anywhere
To find… Look in…
Books  CSU Catalog
 GIL Express Catalog
Articles  Online database
 GALILEO
Online  Internet search engine
resources  Subject directory
 Digital library

EVALUATING
INFORMATION
 Critically evaluate information using applicable
criteria

Evaluating Information
 Authority
 Currency
 Content
 Audience
 Purpose/Scope
 Objectivity/Bias
 Accuracy
 Quality

TIP: Trust no one!

PUT IT INTO PRACTICE
Evaluating websites

Step 1: Look at the URL
 The URL gives you clues about the author, owner, and/or
publisher of the information
 Is it a personal webpage?
 Look for symbols like ~ or %, names, or words like users or
members
 What type of domain?
 .org, .com, .edu, etc.
 What else does the domain name tell you?
 Does it make sense with your topic?

protocol://subdomain.domain.topleveldomain/folder/file.type

protocol://subdomain.domain.topleveldomain/folder/page#anchor

URL domains
Extension Type
.edu Educational institution
.com Commercial organization
.gov Government agency
.mil Military entities
.net Internet service providers
.org Non-profit, religious, charity
.aero Air transportation industry
.biz Businesses
.coop Cooperatives
.info Information
.museum Museums
~ Personal Web page
2-letter country Web server in specified country
code

Your turn!
Topic: Alvin Ailey Topic: Birds
• http://www.pbs.org/wnet • http://www.members
/freetodance/biographie .tripod.com/~DAdam
s/ailey.html
• Great Performances: Free To
s/qkbrdinf.html
Dance - Biographies - Alvin • Dani's Pet Bird Care and
Ailey Safety Tips and
Information
• http://movingthroughsp
ace.wordpress.com/201 • http://www.birdso
0/10/22/alvin-aileys-
urce.org/gbbc/
revelations/
• Alvin Ailey's Revelations « • The Great Backyard
Move Through Space Bird Count

Step 2: Skim for basic info
 Who is the author? Is contact information
provided?
 Look for “Contact us” link, email address, etc.

 What are the author’s/producer’s values?
 What are the author’s credentials? Why should
you believe him/her?
 Look for “About” link

 How current is the information?
 Look for copyright or update date (usually at the bottom)

Step 3: Assess the content
 Are sources provided?
 Are there links to suggested resources or further reading?
 If bias is present, are there links to other points of view?
 Look for footnotes or web links to sources cited. Look for “See also” or
“Related links”
 Do the links work?
 What is the page’s purpose?
 Inform, sell, entertain, rant, parody, persuade?
 Is the information complete?
 Do the conclusions seem logical?
 Is it professional?
 Look for grammar errors and typos. How does the page “feel”?

Step 4: See what others say
 Who else uses the page?
 Enter the URL into http://alexa.com
 Try a Google search with
“link:www.pagename.com/file/path.htm”
 What else is known about the
author/creator/publisher?
 Enter the URL into http://whois.net
 Perform an internet search

Step 5: Final decision
 Is it good enough?
 Would you find information of a similar quality in
a printed or subscription resource?
 Is it right for your assignment based on your
answers in the previous steps?

USING INFORMATION
 Appropriately use information to fulfill the identified
need

Information ethics
 Intellectual property- Anything created by a person’s
mind, including artwork, music, invention, ideas, literature,
etc.
 Copyright- Regulates the sale and reproduction of
intellectual property. Automatic!
 Plagiarism- Using another’s intellectual property without
acknowledgement
 Public domain- A work that is no longer under copyright
protection
 Fair use- Freedom to reproduce and distribute
copyrighted intellectual property for educational or
research purposes.
 Academic integrity- Moral and ethical code of academia.
Avoid cheating in all of its forms, maintain classroom
standards, and maintain honesty and rigor in scholarly

Is it ok to…
…use the ideas of another author
without providing a reference, even if
you write them in your own words?

Even if you do not directly copy the author's words you must
provide a reference when you talk about their ideas.

Adapted from: “Is it Plagiarism?” https://ilrb.cf.ac.uk/plagiarism/quiz/index.html Created by Cardiff University Information Services.

Is it ok to…
…submit all or part of one essay for
two separate assignments?

Although this may surprise you, self-plagiarism is a form
of plagiarism and is not permitted.


Is it ok to…
…include a fact or saying in your
assignment which is generally known
without providing a reference?

If a fact is generally well known or 'common knowledge' then
you don't need to reference it. Bear in mind that what you
consider to be common knowledge may not be well known to
others, if in doubt provide a reference

Is it ok to…
…incorporate text from another source,
changing one or two words and
providing a citation?

If you do not intend to quote directly from the source,
you must write about it in your own words. Using too
many words from the original source is plagiarism, even
if you provide a reference.

Is it ok to…
…use the ideas of another author
without providing a reference, even if
you write them in your own words?

Even if you do not directly copy the author's words you
must provide a reference when you talk about their
ideas.


Is it ok to…
…copy a diagram or data table from a
web site, providing a reference for the
source underneath?

You can include a table, diagram or image from another
source as long as you provide a reference.


Why is this important?
 Plagiarism is dishonest

Honesty is the first
chapter in the Book
of wisdom. Let it be
our endeavor to
merit the character

 Plagiarism is cheating

By Author's modification of original by Rob Qld on Flickr. [CC-BY-2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)], via Wikimedia
Commons; http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Acinonyx_jubatus_walking_edit.jpg

 Plagiarism is theft

CSU Student Code of Conduct
Plagiarism and Misrepresentation of Work

No student will represent the work of others as his
or her own. Themes, essays, term papers, tests,
presentations and other similar assignments must
be the work of the student submitting them. When
direct quotations are used, they must be indicated
and when the ideas of another are incorporated,
they must be appropriately cited.

1. No student will submit the same assignment for
two courses without the prior consent of the
instructor From CSU Student Code of Conduct 2012-13; “Conduct Regulations
I-E” p.2

Avoid plagiarism
 Take good notes
 Quote, paraphrase, summari
ze
 Cite!

Note-taking
 Use different color pens and highlighters to mark your
ideas and those of your sources
 Use symbols or abbreviations to indicate direct quotes
 Clearly label your sources in your notes.

Because libraries provide access to
copyrighted information and materials
they are affected by laws that govern the
sharing of these resources.

S1: Q- Libraries should stay informed
about copyright law and be mindful of
the risks associated with providing access

Quote Paraphrase Summarize
Exact wording of original Rephrase original text in Condense large amount
your own words. More of original text into
than rearranging words shorter passage
or replacing synonyms

Enclose text in quotation Read original, look away, Read original, look away,
marks and rewrite and condense

Indicate if you add your Do not change meaning. Do not change meaning.
own words to provide
context but DO NOT
change meaning

Include citation and note Include citation and text Include citation and text
page number reference to author, i.e., reference to author, i.e.,
“According to Nagel,….” “According to Nagel,….”

Cite your sources!
 Why?
 Citations refer readers to your original source(s)
 Provide evidence for your conclusions
 Prove you aren’t plagiarizing!
 When?
 Cite any ideas not your own
 When in doubt, CITE!
 How?
 Use citation managers to organize your sources
 Follow formats in appropriate style guides

Putting it all together
 Be flexible in your search
 Critically evaluate your resources
 Use information ethically

Next steps
See Library Research LibGuide for
more tips and resources to make your
research successful.
http://clayton.libguides.com/research
Find this presentation, handouts, and
recommended resources at my
LibGuide
http://clayton.libguides.com/ErinNagel

Engl1101 Spring 2013-- Nagel

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