1. Greek and Roman Mythology A Review of The Principal Gods and Goddesses

2. What is a myth? A traditional story rooted in primitive folk beliefs of cultures Uses the supernatural to interpret natural events Explains the culture’s view of the universe and the nature of humanity

3. In the beginning... …was Chaos (shapeless nothingness) Chaos had two children: Night (darkness) Erebus (death) “All was black, empty, silent, endless.” Mysteriously, Love was born of darkness and death.

4. And then... When Love was born, order and beauty began to flourish. Love created Light and Day. Earth was created. She was the solid ground, but also a personality. The Earth bore Heaven to cover her and be a home for the gods.

5. The First Parents Mother Earth = Gaea (Gaia) Father Heaven = Ouranos (Uranus) They had three kinds of children: Three monsters with 100 hands and 50 heads Three cyclopes The titans These were the first characters that had the appearance of life, although it was unlike any life known to man.

6. The Titans (The Elder Gods) There were many of them. Enormous size, incredible strength Cronos (Saturn): Ruler of the titans Rhea: Wife of Cronos Ocean: River that encircled the world Iapetus: Father of Prometheus, Epimetheus, and Atlas (also titans)

7. The Principal Gods Cronos and Rhea were parents of Zeus (Jupiter, Jove) Poseidon (Neptune) Hades (Pluto) Hera (Juno) Hestia (Vesta) Demeter (Ceres) Other Olympians include Athena (Minerva) Ares (Mars) Hebe (Juventas) Hephaestus (Vulcan) Apollo (Apollo) Artemis (Diana) Hermes (Mercury) Aphrodite (Venus) Dionysus (Bacchus) Persephone

8. The Olympians

9. Zeus Roman Name: Jupiter (also Jove) Supreme god of the Olympians. Fathered many characters in mythology

10. Zeus

11. Hera Roman Name: Juno Zeus’s sister and wife Jealous protector of marriage Punished the women Zeus fell in love with

12. Poseidon Roman Name: Neptune God of the Seas and Waters “The Earthshaker”

13. Hades Roman Name: Pluto God of the Underworld/ Dead Kidnapped Persephone

14. Hestia Roman Name: Vesta Goddess of Home Powerful Protector

15. Demeter Roman Name: Ceres Goddess of the Harvest A Goddess of the Earth

16. Athena Roman Name: Minerva Goddess of Wisdom and War Sprang from Zeus’s head

17. Ares Roman Name: Mars God of War Son of Zeus and Hera Bloodthirsty and merciless

18. Hephaestus Roman Name: Vulcan (Mulciber) God of Fire/Forge Son of Zeus and Hera Kind, unlike his brother

19. Apollo Roman Name: Apollo God of Light/Sun and Music Brother of Artemis

20. Artemis Roman Name: Diana Goddess of the Moon/ Hunt Sister to Apollo

21. Hermes Roman Name: Mercury Messenger of the Gods Appears in more myths than any other character

22. Aphrodite Roman Name: Venus Goddess of Love and Beauty Sprang from the ocean foam

23. Dionysus Roman Name: Bacchus God of Wine Patron god of the Greek stage A God of the Earth

24. Persephone Roman Name: Proserpina Goddess of the Underworld Daughter of Zeus and Demeter Abducted by Hades

25. Hebe Roman Name: Juventas Goddess of Youth Cupbearer to the Gods Restored youth to the aged

26. Eros Roman Name: Cupid Young God of Love Son of Aphrodite and Hephaestus

27. Iris Goddess of the Rainbow Messenger for Zeus and Hera Daughter of the titan Thaumus and the nymph Electra

28. The Muses Goddesses who presided over the arts and sciences “He is happy whom the muses love.” Nine daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne Inspired artists of all kinds Clio, Urania, Thalia, Melpomene, Erato, Calliope, Euterpe, Terpsichore, Polyhymnia

29. The Graces Three Goddesses of Grace and Beauty “They give life its bloom.” Aglaia (Splendor) Euphrosyne (Mirth) Thalia (Good Cheer)

30. The Erinnyes (The Furies) Roman Name: Furiae or Dirae (The Furies) Three Goddesses of Vengeance Tisiphone Alecto Megaera They punish evildoers.

31. The Fates Roman Name: Parcae, Moirae Three sisters Clotho (“The Spinner”) Lachesis (“The disposer of lots”) Atropos (“The cutter”) They weave, measure, and cut the thread of life for humans.

32. The Satyrs Gods of the woods and mountains “Shepherd gods” Goat men (like Pan) Companions of Dionysus They like to drink, dance, and chase nymphs.

33. The Gorgons Three snake-haired monsters Medusa is most well-known Their look turns men to stone.

34. The Centaurs Half man, half horse Savage creatures (except Chiron) Followers of Dionysus

35. Sources Graphics in this presentation were taken from the following web sites: http://www.bulfinch.org/fables/search.html http://www.pantheon.org/ http://www.messagenet.com/myths/ http://mythman.com/ http://web.uvic.ca/grs/bowman/myth/index.html http://www.paleothea.com/ http://www.entrenet.com/%7Egroedmed/greekm/myth.html This presentation is for educational purposes only; it has not been and should not be sold or used as a vehicle to make money.