1. Comprehension
Narrative Text

2. Overview
Reading Comprehension
Scaffolding Readers’ Developing Readers’
Development of Skills & Awareness of Story
Strategies Structure
Active
Question-Answer Story Elements Building a
Comprehension
Relationship Schema for
(QAR) Stories
Reciprocal Questioning
Questions the Author
(QtA)
Guiding Readers’ Interactions With Texts
Directed Reading- KWL
Thinking Activity
(DR-TA)
Discussion Webs Story Impressions
Inferential Strategy

3. Comprehension Strategies
• Teachers engage students in
direct, explicit, researched-based
strategy instruction so that students
can in turn understand, respond
to, question, and even challenge the
author’s ideas.

4. • Students use cognitive and
metacognitive strategies plus prior
knowledge to construct meaning.
• “Comprehension refers to the ability to
actively construct appropriate meaning
from the text.”
(Rasinski,Padak, Fawcett, 2010)

5. Active Comprehension
• When students ask questions that
elicit questions in return, they are
involved in active comprehension.
• Instead of the teacher asking, “What is
the picture about?” the teacher should
ask, “What would you like to know
about the picture?”
• Scaffold the process.

6. • Reading is an active
process!

7. Lessons or mini lessons
• Before, During, After (BDA) format
• Reading involves connecting new text
to that which is already understood.
• BDA strategies are used to get
students to activate prior
knowledge, thereby creating a mental
framework to which new
text, terms, ideas, etc. can be
attached.

8. BDA’s continued
• This mental framework is done before
reading even begins, strengthened as
students interact with the text during
the reading, and reflected upon after
reading as students incorporate what
they have just read into their core
knowledge.

9. BDA activities (see attached hand-out for more activities as well as
Rasinski text pp. 168-185)
Before (pre-reading) During (reading & rereading)
• Word splash • Sticky notes
• Key words • Text rendering
• Prewrite questions • Chunking
• Story impression • Literature circles
• Pictures • KWL
• Think-pair-share After (post reading)
• KWL chart • Jigsaw
• Reflection
• Think-pair-share
• KWL

10. Balanced Literacy
• Strategy instruction is used in
Balanced Literacy
– Process is scaffolded in
• Shared reading
• Think aloud
• Guided reading (minilesson)
• Independent reading

11. Before Reading: During Reading: After Reading:
Comprehension Comprehension
strategies strategies:
Meaning
•Developing an making: Does •Connecting
it make sense?
overview of the •Inferring
text •Evaluating
•Connecting to the •Synthesizing
text Structural Visual
•Asking questions Cues: Cues:
•Connecting prior Does it Does it look
sound right? right?
knowledge
•Predicting
Integrating the cueing systems