Rise of the Machines: PHP and IoT - ZendCon 2017

Rise of the Machines:
PHP & IoT
@colinodell

Colin O’Dell
• Lead Web Developer at Unleashed Technologies
• PHP League Leadership Team
• Baltimore PHP Co-Organizer
• Arduino & Raspberry Pi Enthusiast
@colinodell

Goals
• Introduce the basics of building custom IoT devices
• Understand where web technologies fit in
• Four real-world example projects
@colinodell

Internet of Things
The Internet of Things is the internetworking of physical devices,
vehicles, buildings and other items—embedded with electronics,
software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity that enable
these objects to collect and exchange data.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things
@colinodell

Connectivity
• Ethernet / WiFi
• NFC / RFID
• Bluetooth LE
• Zigbee / Z-Wave
• Cellular (LTE / CDMA / GSM)
• …and many others
@colinodell

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2003 2010 2015 2020
(Billions) Population vs Connected Devices
People Connected Devices
@colinodellSource: https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en_us/about/ac79/docs/innov/IoT_IBSG_0411FINAL.pdf

What We’ll Cover
• Device overview
• Four examples of combining IoT with PHP
 Project Goals
 Hardware & Platform Choice
 Building the device
 Demo*
• Q&A
@colinodell

DIY IoT Devices
For the software or hardware enthusiast
@colinodell

How to choose?
• Identify required features
• Ideal programming language
• Consider power requirements
• Size / footprint
@colinodell

Four Examples Using PHP
@colinodell

Uptime Monitor
Use Raspberry Pi to monitor if site is up; change LED color accordingly
@colinodell

Why Raspberry Pi?
• Internet connectivity
 Handles HTTPs out-of-the-box
• Runs Linux (Raspian – a derivative of Debian)
 PHP easily installed
• Has GPIO pins
• Raspberry Pi Zero only $5
• Why not?
@colinodell

Hardware
@colinodell
• Raspberry Pi (any variant)
• Micro USB cable (power)
• USB WiFi dongle
• Micro SD card
• RGB LED
• Two resistors
• Wires

@colinodell
$ composer require piphp/gpio

@colinodell
<?php
const URL = 'https://www.colinodell.com';
const GPIO_PIN_GREEN = 12;
const GPIO_PIN_RED = 16;
require_once 'vendor/autoload.php';
$gpio = new PiPHPGPIOGPIO();
$greenLed = $gpio->getOutputPin(GPIO_PIN_GREEN);
$redLed = $gpio->getOutputPin(GPIO_PIN_RED);
$httpClient = new GuzzleHttpClient();
while (true) {
try {
$response = $httpClient->head(URL, [
'connect_timeout' => 3,
'timeout' => 3,
]);
echo URL . " is onlinen";
$greenLed->setValue(1);
$redLed->setValue(0);
} catch (RuntimeException $ex) {
echo URL . " is OFFLINE!n";
$greenLed->setValue(0);
$redLed->setValue(1);
}
sleep(3);
}

@colinodell
HTTP Server for
colinodell.com
Raspberry Pi
Terminal (SSH)
Live view of
colinodell.com

Recap
• PHP on a Raspberry Pi
• PHP checks if site is up
• PiPHP/GPIO library used to control output pins (LEDs)
Other uses for output pins:
• Control motors/servos
• Control relays (turn higher-voltage things on/off)
• Drive digital displays (LCD screens, LED number displays, etc.)
@colinodell

Conference Room
Occupancy Sensor
Raspberry Pi detects movement in room; sends room status to Slack
@colinodell

Why Raspberry Pi?
• Runs Linux (Raspian – a derivative of Debian)
• Has GPIO pins
• PHP easily installed
• Raspberry Pi Zero only $5
• Handles HTTPs out-of-the-box
• Why not?
@colinodell
TL;DR: Same reasons as before!

Hardware
@colinodell
• Raspberry Pi (any variant)
• USB WiFi dongle
• PIR Sensor
• Wires

PIR Sensors
@colinodellImages from https://learn.adafruit.com/pir-passive-infrared-proximity-motion-sensor/overview

Signal
@colinodell
Motion Detected
Occupied Vacant Occupied

@colinodell
<?php
namespace ColinODellPHPIoTExamplesPHPPIRSensor;
class Room
{
/**
* @var bool
*/
private $occupied = false;
/**
* @var int
*/
private $lastMovement;
/**
* @var callable
*/
private $onRoomStateChange;
/**
* @var int
*/
private $roomEmptyTimeout;
/**

@colinodell
<?php
// Configuration:
const GPIO_PIN = 17;
const DECLARE_ROOM_EMPTY_AFTER = 60*5; // 5 minutes
const SLACK_INCOMING_WEBHOOK_URL = 'https://hooks.slack.com/services/xxxx/xxxx/xxxx';
// End configuration
require_once 'vendor/autoload.php';
use ColinODellPHPIoTExamplesPHPPIRSensorRoom;
use PiPHPGPIOGPIO;
use PiPHPGPIOPinInputPinInterface;
// HTTP client for communicating with Slack
$http = new GuzzleHttpClient();
// Instantiate a new room object to keep track of its state
$room = new Room();
$room->setRoomEmptyTimeout(DECLARE_ROOM_EMPTY_AFTER);
$room->setOnRoomChangeCallback(function($isOccupied) use ($http) {
$message = 'The conference room is now ' . ($isOccupied ? 'occupied.' : 'vacant.');
$http->postAsync(SLACK_INCOMING_WEBHOOK_URL, [

Recap
• PHP on a Raspberry Pi
• PiPHP/GPIO library monitors GPIO pin for signal changes
• PHP tracks duration between rising edges (low-to-high signal changes)
• Notifications pushed to Slack via webhook
Other uses for input pins:
• Switches & buttons
• Sensors (temperature, humidity, motion, accelerometer, GPS)
• Receiving data from other devices
@colinodell

Alexa Custom Skill
Use PHP + Laravel to handle request for ZendCon session information
@colinodell

Why Alexa / Amazon Echo?
• Amazon handles voice recognition
• Parsed request passed from Amazon to our API endpoint
• We handle accordingly; send formatted response for Alexa to read aloud
• Published skills easily installable
@colinodell

User Interaction Flow
@colinodellDiagram from https://developer.amazon.com/public/solutions/alexa/alexa-skills-kit/overviews/understanding-custom-skills

Invoking Custom Skills
• Ask [skill name] [action] Ask ZendCon which sessions are next
• Tell [skill name] [action] Tell ZendCon this talk is great
• [action] using [skill name] Rate this talk 5 stars using ZendCon
@colinodell

Actions
• What sessions are next?
• What session is next in {room}?
• What sessions are at {time} in {room}?
• Who is speaking in {room} {day} at {time}?
@colinodell

Defining Actions
GetSessions what sessions are next
GetSessions what talks are next
GetSessions who is talking next
GetSessions who is speaking next
GetSessions which sessions are next
GetSessions which talks are next
GetSessions what session is next in {room}
GetSessions what talk is next in {room}
GetSessions who is talking next in {room}
GetSessions who is speaking next in {room}
GetSessions which session is next in {room}
GetSessions which talk is next in {room}
GetSessions what sessions are at {time}
GetSessions what talks are at {time}
GetSessions who is talking at {time}
GetSessions who is speaking at {time}
GetSessions which sessions are at {time}
GetSessions which talks are at {time}
GetSessions what sessions are at {time} {day}
GetSessions what talks are at {time} {day}
GetSessions who is talking at {time} {day}
GetSessions who is speaking at {time} {day}
GetSessions which sessions are at {time} {day}
GetSessions which talks are at {time} {day}
GetSessions what session is in {room} at {time}
GetSessions what talk is in {room} at {time}
GetSessions who is talking in {room} at {time}
GetSessions who is speaking in {room} at {time}
GetSessions which session is in {room} at {time}
GetSessions which talk is in {room} at {time}
GetSessions what session is in {room} at {time} {day}
GetSessions what talk is in {room} at {time} {day}
GetSessions who is talking in {room} at {time} {day}
GetSessions who is speaking in {room} at {time} {day}
GetSessions which session is in {room} at {time} {day}
GetSessions which talk is in {room} at {time} {day}
GetSessions what session is {day} in {room} at {time}
GetSessions what talk is {day} in {room} at {time}
GetSessions who is talking {day} in {room} at {time}
GetSessions who is speaking {day} in {room} at {time}
GetSessions which session {day} is in {room} at {time}
GetSessions which talk {day} is in {room} at {time}
@colinodell

Intent Schema
@colinodell
{
"intents": [
{
"intent": "GetSessions",
"slots": [
{
"name": "day",
"type": "AMAZON.DATE"
},
{
"name": "time",
"type": "AMAZON.TIME"
},
{
"name": "room",
"type": "ROOM"
}
]
},
{
"intent": "AMAZON.HelpIntent"
}
]
}
The Joint
Artist C
Artist D
Artist E
Artist F
Artist G
Artist H

@colinodell
$ composer require develpr/alexa-app
AlexaRoute::intent('/alexa-end-point', 'GetDeveloperJoke', function(){
Alexa::say("A SQL query goes into a bar, walks up to two tables and asks, "Can I join you?"");
});

@colinodell
// TODO: Import schedule to MySQL database

@colinodell
<?php
namespace AppHttpControllers;
use CarbonCarbon;
use DevelprAlexaAppFacadesAlexa;
use DevelprAlexaAppRequestAlexaRequest;
use IlluminateDatabaseQueryBuilder;
use IlluminateSupportFacadesDB;
class SessionController extends Controller
{
public function getSessions(AlexaRequest $request)
{
$request->getIntent();
$time = $request->slot('time') ?: Carbon::now()->format('G:i');
$day = $request->slot('day') ?: Carbon::now()->format('Y-m-d');
$room = $request->slot('room');
try {
$sessions = $this->findSessions($time, $day, $room);
if (count($sessions) === 0) {
// No sessions found
return Alexa::say('Sorry, I couldn't find any sessions on ' . $day . ' at ' . $time)->endSession();
} elseif (count($sessions) === 1) {
return Alexa::say($this->getSessionText(reset($sessions)))->endSession();;
} else {
$text = 'I found ' . count($sessions) . ' sessions. ';
foreach ($sessions as $session) {

@colinodell
<?php
// app/Http/routes.php
AlexaRoute::intent('/alexa', 'GetSessions', 'AppHttpControllersSessionController@getSessions');

Recap
• Alexa parses voice request; passes to PHP
• Laravel application handles requests; returns response
• Alexa renders responses as voice and/or cards
Other uses for Alexa:
• Querying for information
• Interactive sessions (online ordering, games, etc.)
• Home automation
@colinodell

Packagist Download Counter
Displaying downloads counts from the Packagist API with Particle Photon
@colinodell

Particle Photon
@colinodell
• WiFi built in
• Small footprint
• Can be powered via MicroUSB
• Enough digital GPIO pins
• Programmable via web-based IDE
• OTA flashing
• Built-in webhook support

Hardware
@colinodell
• Particle Photon
• MAX7219 8-Digit Red LED Display Module
• Wires

MAX7219 8-Digit Red LED Display Module
@colinodellImages from https://learn.adafruit.com/pir-passive-infrared-proximity-motion-sensor/overview

Problem!
• JSON document is 32.5 KB
• Photon webhook responses are 512-byte chunks spaced 250ms apart
@colinodell

Problem!
@colinodell
Solution!
• Use Yahoo YQL to reduce response size

Problem!
@colinodell
Solution!
• Use Yahoo YQL to reduce response size
• Use PHP to parse JSON, return just one number

packagist-counter.php
@colinodell
<?php
const URL = 'https://packagist.org/packages/league/commonmark.json';
$json = json_decode(file_get_contents(URL), true);
header('Content-Type: text/plain');
echo $json['package']['downloads']['total'];

Recap
• Particle Photon + 8 digit LED display
• Particle webhook fetches data from packagist-counter.php
• packagist-counter.php fetches from packagist.org; trims out the fat
@colinodell

Summary
• IoT is everywhere!
• PHP can bridge the gap
• Run PHP:
 On the device (RasPi examples)
 In “the cloud” (Alexa; Particle Photon)
 Or both!
• Anyone can build web-connected devices
@colinodell
Please leave feedback on Joind.in!

Questions?
Project Source Code / Documentation:
https://github.com/colinodell/php-iot-examples
Even More Projects:
https://www.hackster.io
Building Robots with PHP:
Christopher Pitt @ The Joint (next session)
@colinodell
Please leave feedback on Joind.in!

Rise of the Machines: PHP and IoT - ZendCon 2017

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Rise of the Machines: PHP and IoT - ZendCon 2017