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eBooks 2012: Where Are We?
- 1. E-Books 2012: What’s on the Catwalk?
- 2. E-Books 2012: What’s on the Catwalk? WLA Conference 2012 Colleen Major Electronic Resources Librarian Columbia University Libraries Jeff Carroll Acting Director for Collection Development Columbia University Libraries
- 3. Publishers vs. Libraries: An E-Book Tug of War The New York Times: Stross, Randall; 12/24/2011
- 4. HarperCollins puts new limits on library e-books The Los Angeles Times: Glanton, Dahleen; 3/7/2011 Publishers vs. Libraries: An E-Book Tug of War The New York Times: Stross, Randall; 12/24/2011
- 5. U.S. sues Apple, publishers in e-book price scheme The Chicago Tribune: Bartz, Diane and Gupta, Poornima; 4/11/2012 Publishers vs. Libraries: An E-Book Tug of War The New York Times: Stross, Randall; 12/24/2011 HarperCollins puts new limits on library e-books The Los Angeles Times: Glanton, Dahleen; 3/7/2011
- 6. E-books sales surge after holidays USA Today: Minzesheimer, Bob; 1/9/2012 Publishers vs. Libraries: An E-Book Tug of War The New York Times: Stross, Randall; 12/24/2011 HarperCollins puts new limits on library e-books The Los Angeles Times: Glanton, Dahleen; 3/7/2011 U.S. sues Apple, publishers in e-book price scheme The Chicago Tribune: Bartz, Diane and Gupta, Poornima; 4/11/2012
- 7. E-books spark battle inside the publishing industry The Washington Post: Maneker, Marion; 12/27/2009 Publishers vs. Libraries: An E-Book Tug of War The New York Times: Stross, Randall; 12/24/2011 HarperCollins puts new limits on library e-books The Los Angeles Times: Glanton, Dahleen; 3/7/2011 U.S. sues Apple, publishers in e-book price scheme The Chicago Tribune: Bartz, Diane and Gupta, Poornima; 4/11/2012 E-books sales surge after holidays USA Today: Minzesheimer, Bob; 1/9/2012
- 8. EBooks Unbound! …now what? E-Books in CLIO (total bib. Records.) 0 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 1,000,000 1,200,000 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 Total E-Book Expenditures $0 $200,000 $400,000 $600,000 $800,000 $1,000,000 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 Library Based Springer/Wiley HathiTrust Project Gutenberg Ebrary/EBSCOhost EBooks JSTOR Project Muse UniversityPress Scholarship Online Consumer Based Kindle/Nook, etc. Device oriented App-oriented Overdrive Google Books Future epub format/standards Tablets v. e-readers More flexible EBook collections Functionality DRM Checkout/downloads Discoverability/Searchability Jeff Carroll jc677@columbia.edu Cris Ergunay cmm64@columbia.edu Colleen Major cmm2169@columbia.eduColumbia University Libraries
- 9. • How we got here
- 10. • How we got here • Trends and Data
- 11. • How we got here • Trends and Data • Publisher motivation
- 12. • How we got here • Trends and Data • Publisher motivation • E-books on the catwalk
- 13. • How we got here
- 14. Life Magazine images from Google Books: http://books.google.com/books/about/LIFE.html?id=3z8EAAAAMBAJ Accessed on 5/5/2012
- 15. Life Magazine images from Google Books: http://books.google.com/books/about/LIFE.html?id=3z8EAAAAMBAJ Accessed on 5/5/2012
- 16. Life Magazine images from Google Books: http://books.google.com/books/about/LIFE.html?id=3z8EAAAAMBAJ Accessed on 5/5/2012
- 17. Life Magazine images from Google Books: http://books.google.com/books/about/LIFE.html?id=3z8EAAAAMBAJ Accessed on 5/5/2012
- 18. Life Magazine images from Google Books: http://books.google.com/books/about/LIFE.html?id=3z8EAAAAMBAJ Accessed on 5/5/2012
- 19. Life Magazine images from Google Books: http://books.google.com/books/about/LIFE.html?id=3z8EAAAAMBAJ Accessed on 5/5/2012
- 20. Life Magazine images from Google Books: http://books.google.com/books/about/LIFE.html?id=3z8EAAAAMBAJ Accessed on 5/5/2012
- 21. Life Magazine images from Google Books: http://books.google.com/books/about/LIFE.html?id=3z8EAAAAMBAJ Accessed on 5/5/2012
- 22. • 1971
- 23. • 1971 • Michael Hart starts Project Gutenberg by digitizing the Declaration of Independence on Xerox Sigma V Mainframe computer in Materials Research Lab at Univ. of Illinois
- 24. • 1971 • Michael Hart starts Project Gutenberg by digitizing the Declaration of Independence on Xerox Sigma V Mainframe computer in Materials Research Lab at Univ. of Illinois • Mainframe was one of 15 nodes making up ARPANET
- 25. • 1971 • Michael Hart starts Project Gutenberg by digitizing the Declaration of Independence on Xerox Sigma V Mainframe computer in Materials Research Lab at Univ. of Illinois • Mainframe was one of 15 nodes making up ARPANET • Goal: to digitize 10,000 of the most consulted books by end of 20th Century
- 26. Project Gutenberg number of e-books Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Project_Gutenberg_total_books.svg
- 27. • 1971 • Michael Hart starts Project Gutenberg by digitizing the Declaration of Independence on Xerox Sigma V Mainframe computer in Materials Research Lab at Univ. of Illinois • Mainframe was one of 15 nodes making up ARPANET • Goal: to digitize 10,000 of the most consulted books by end of 20th Century • More than 38,000 publicly available e-books as of 2012
- 28. • 1971 • Project Gutenberg • 1998
- 29. • 1971 • Project Gutenberg • 1998 • NetLibrary
- 30. • 1971 • Project Gutenberg • 1998 • NetLibrary • 1999
- 31. • 1971 • Project Gutenberg • 1998 • NetLibrary • 1999 • Ebrary
- 32. • 1971 • Project Gutenberg • 1998 • NetLibrary • 1999 • Ebrary • 2000
- 33. • 1971 • Project Gutenberg • 1998 • NetLibrary • 1999 • Ebrary • 2000 • Overdrive launches Content Reserve
- 34. • 1971 • Project Gutenberg • 1998 • NetLibrary • 1999 • Ebrary • 2000 • Overdrive launches Content Reserve • 2006
- 35. • 1971 • Project Gutenberg • 1998 • NetLibrary • 1999 • Ebrary • 2000 • Overdrive launches Content Reserve • 2006 • Sony introduces Sony e-reader
- 36. • 1971 • Project Gutenberg • 1998 • NetLibrary • 1999 • Ebrary • 2000 • Overdrive launches Content Reserve • 2006 • Sony introduces Sony e-reader • 2007
- 37. • 1971 • Project Gutenberg • 1998 • NetLibrary • 1999 • Ebrary • 2000 • Overdrive launches Content Reserve • 2006 • Sony introduces Sony e-reader • 2007 • Amazon introduces Kindle
- 38. • 1971 • Project Gutenberg • 1998 • NetLibrary • 1999 • Ebrary • 2000 • Overdrive launches Content Reserve • 2006 • Sony introduces Sony e-reader • 2007 • Amazon introduces Kindle • 2009
- 39. • 1971 • Project Gutenberg • 1998 • NetLibrary • 1999 • Ebrary • 2000 • Overdrive launches Content Reserve • 2006 • Sony introduces Sony e-reader • 2007 • Amazon introduces Kindle • 2009 • Barnes & Noble introduces Nook
- 40. • 1971 • Project Gutenberg • 1998 • NetLibrary • 1999 • Ebrary • 2000 • Overdrive launches Content Reserve • 2006 • Sony introduces Sony e-reader • 2007 • Amazon introduces Kindle • 2009 • Barnes & Noble introduces Nook • 2011
- 41. • 1971 • Project Gutenberg • 1998 • NetLibrary • 1999 • Ebrary • 2000 • Overdrive launches Content Reserve • 2006 • Sony introduces Sony e-reader • 2007 • Amazon introduces Kindle • 2009 • Barnes & Noble introduces Nook • 2011 • In April, Amazon announces it’s selling more e-books than print books
- 43. • Models • Aggregators • Offer e-book collections for subscription
- 44. • Models • Aggregators • Offer e-book collections for subscription • Content often backlist
- 45. • Models • Aggregators • Offer e-book collections for subscription • Content often backlist • Publishers can pull titles out of collection
- 46. • Models • Aggregators • Purchase
- 47. • Models • Aggregators • Purchase • Usually includes “perpetual access” and archival rights
- 48. • Models • Aggregators • Purchase • Usually includes “perpetual access” and archival rights • Not really “ownership”
- 49. • Models • Aggregators • Purchase • PDA/DDA
- 50. • Models • Aggregators • Purchase • PDA/DDA • Patron-Driven, or Demand-Driven Acquisitions
- 51. • Models • Aggregators • Purchase • PDA/DDA • Patron-Driven, or Demand-Driven Acquisitions • Makes broad universe of titles available to patrons
- 52. • Models • Aggregators • Purchase • PDA/DDA • Patron-Driven, or Demand-Driven Acquisitions • Makes broad universe of titles available to patrons • Library purchases after x number of uses
- 53. • Models • Aggregators • Purchase • PDA/DDA • Patron-Driven, or Demand-Driven Acquisitions • Makes broad universe of titles available to patrons • Library purchases after x number of uses • No guarantee of long-term availability for titles not purchased
- 54. Year Net Dollar Sales Overall (in billions) Net Dollar Sales for E- Books* (in billions) 2008 26.5 0.2 2009 27.1 2010 27.9 0.9 Size of U.S. Total Publishing Industry: 2008-2010 * Estimated based on available data. Source: Association of American Publishers http://www.publishers.org/bookstats/highlights/ Libraries in the aggregate represent an estimated 6.8% of these totals.
- 55. Size of U.S. Total Publishing Industry: 2008-2010 * Estimated based on available data. Source: Association of American Publishers http://www.publishers.org/bookstats/highlights/ Year Net Unit Sales Overall (in billions) Net Unit Sales for E- Books* (in billions) 2008 2.470 0.010 2009 2.510 2010 2.570 0.114
- 56. Year Net Dollar Sales Overall (in billions) Net Dollar Sales for E- Books* (in billions) 2008 26.5 0.2 2009 27.1 2010 27.9 0.9 Size of U.S. Total Publishing Industry: 2008-2010 * Estimated based on available data. Source: Association of American Publishers http://www.publishers.org/bookstats/highlights/ Libraries in the aggregate represent an estimated 6.8% of these totals.
- 57. Year Net Dollar Sales Overall (in billions) Net Dollar Sales for E- Books* (in billions) 2008 26.5 0.2 2009 27.1 2010 27.9 0.9 Size of U.S. Total Publishing Industry: 2008-2010 * Estimated based on available data. Source: Association of American Publishers http://www.publishers.org/bookstats/highlights/ Libraries in the aggregate represent an estimated 6.8% of these totals. E-Books and Libraries represent potential risk in disproportion to size.
- 59. Publisher motivation Efforts to protect revenue:
- 60. Publisher motivation Efforts to protect revenue: • Impose limits on usage (e.g., 1 user per copy)
- 61. Publisher motivation Efforts to protect revenue: • Impose limits on usage (e.g., 1 user per copy) • Not selling to libraries at all
- 62. Publisher motivation Efforts to protect revenue: • Impose limits on usage (e.g., 1 user per copy) • Not selling to libraries at all • Selling a “license to use content” rather than selling actual content.
- 63. Publisher motivation Efforts to protect revenue: • Impose limits on usage (e.g., 1 user per copy) • Not selling to libraries at all • Selling a “license to use content” rather than selling actual content. • Attempt to address “First-Sale Doctrine” under U.S. copyright law (U.S.C. 17, sec. 109 and 202.)
- 64. Publisher motivation Efforts to protect revenue: • Impose limits on usage (e.g., 1 user per copy) • Not selling to libraries at all • Selling a “license to use content” rather than selling actual content. • Attempt to address “First-Sale Doctrine” under U.S. copyright law (U.S.C. 17, sec. 109 and 202.) • U.S. sues Apple, publishers in e-book price scheme The Chicago Tribune: Bartz, Diane and Gupta, Poornima; 4/11/2012
- 65. Publisher motivation Efforts to protect revenue: • Impose limits on usage (e.g., 1 user per copy) • Not selling to libraries at all • Selling a “license to use content” rather than selling actual content. • Attempt to address “First-Sale Doctrine” under U.S. copyright law (U.S.C. 17, sec. 109 and 202.) • U.S. sues Apple, publishers in e-book price scheme The Chicago Tribune: Bartz, Diane and Gupta, Poornima; 4/11/2012 • Apple and 5 publishers accused of price collusion over e- books
- 66. E-Books 2012: What’s on the Catwalk?
- 67. What's happening at Columbia?
- 69. Columbia University - bibliographic records
- 71. Manhattan Research Library Initiative (MaRLI) • University Press Scholarship Online (UPSO) o NYU, NYPL, Columbia U o Fordham, Kentucky, Florida, Hong Kong, Cairo frontlist e-access, via Oxford and Ebrary print discount 1 print copy to NYPL
- 72. • Columbia and Cornell University Libraries • partnership that enables us to pool resources to provide content, expertise, and services that are impossible to accomplish acting alone 2CUL E-Books Task Force
- 73. E-Books Task Force • JSTOR/Project Muse • Bibliographic access • OpenURL linking • workflow analysis
- 75. OpenURL Linking
- 76. Cornell U Libraries •III: ERM, DBs, openURL •360: MARC, Summon •Ex Libris: ILS •Local CUL systems Columbia U Libraries •360: ERM, MARC, Summon,COUNTER, E-Journals, openURL •Ex Libris: ILS, Metalib •Local CUL systems: DBs
- 77. Columbia's E-Book firm ordering workflow
- 79. E-Book package workflow. - Columbia and Cornell
- 80. E-Book package workflow differences. - Columbia and Cornell
- 81. Usage Statistics • Electronic Resource Assessment Working Group - charged with recommending ways of employing use data effectively to assess e-resource collections, improve end-user access, and provide meaningful reports to library managers. e-Duke Books Scholarly Collection Columbia has purchased since 2009 • has purchased the discounted print add-on option o Reviewed 2011 use data of print and online titles
- 82. Provocative Statements • Discoverability should come through using utilities outside of the traditional catalog (Summon, Google) • Amazon lending model (Freading) will replace traditional lending models • The purchasing model for E-Books should be PDA/DDA for all but largest of research libraries. • Libraries should use student budget lines to fund on-demand purchases.
- 83. Key Resources • Pew Research Center • Report: The Rise of e-reading • Book Industry Study Group (BISG) • Consumer Attitudes towards E-Book Reading