SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  4
Télécharger pour lire hors ligne
Autism Gluten Free Diet News & The Casein Free Diet
Dysfunctions in the autism spectrum are categorized as
developmental disorders which affect children by impacting their
communication and social interaction skills. In their fight against
these symptoms, parents often resort to alternative treatments,
such as specialized diets.
Nutrition has a great impact on physical and mental development, and convincing
clinical studies support the idea that an unbalanced diet influences autism in children.
Over the past years, the autism gluten free and casein free diet gained popularity
claiming to help relieve or even eliminate the symptoms completely.
What Is An Autism Gluten Free Diet?
Gluten is a protein found in wheat, oat, rye, barley, and all foods that use these cereals.
Gluten is also present in semi-prepared foods, products containing artificial colors, soy
sauce, bread, and pastry. Make sure you always read the label carefully to identify the
presence of gluten.
Gluten sticks to the walls of the intestines, thus preventing optimal nutrient absorption at
an intestinal level. The worst case scenario is when the body cannot receive vital
nutrientsanymore and becomes incredibly weak. This is known as the Celiac disease.
Gluten intolerance symptoms:
abdominal cramps and constant bloating;
diarrhea;
out of control weight loss and developmental disorders;
nausea;
constipation;
iron deficiency;
fatigue, due to the lack of nutrients;
ulcers;
osteoporosis
What is casein?
Beta-CM7, the protein in milk and dairy products, also known as casein, is considered
one of the main promoters of autism symptoms together with gluten. Read the labels
carefully to see whether the product contains casein or not. Casein intolerance is more
violent and easier to recognize.
Casein intolerance symptoms:
skin reactions, such as rashes or itches;
tongue, face, or throat swelling, which can cause breathing difficulties;
vomiting.
In order to have a clearer picture of how your kid reacts to certain foods, keep a diary.
Write down the meal and reactions within two hours after eating.
What is metallothionein?
William J. Walsch M.D., biochemistry professor and researcher at the Pfeiffer Treatment
Center in Illinois, conducted a research that showed that a congenital defect in
metallothionein production may be the primary cause of autism. In his opinion, all
autims problems, both immunological and mental, can be explained by the poor
functioning of metallothionein.
Metallothionein is a protein that regulates the body’s vital functions. Large
concentrations are found in the intestinal mucose membrane, where it serves as a
contact agent between zinc and heavy metals. When living in such a polluted
environment, ingesting mercury, lead, aluminium, and platinum is almost inevitable,
hence the essential role of metallothionein. This is why a metallothionein deficiency can
cause a series of problems in children’s development.
In most cases, autism is a genetic disease, lurking inside the body, triggered when the
system is overbusy. The determining factor might be a vaccine, a bacteria, or a viral
infection assisted by antibiotics. Autism has a growth rate that is simply too high for a
genetic disease. In the United States alone, incidence grew from 1:180,000 to 1:180,
even 1:150 in certain states. Thankfully, “genetic” is not a synonym for “incurable” or
“hopeless.”
What is the link between autism and gluten and casein intolerance?
Approximately 85 % of children suffering from autism present intestinal and digestive
disorders, mainly due to excessive fungal growth, food allergies, and hypersensitivity. If
there’s not enough metallothionein in the intestines, heavy metals like lead and mercury
will bind to the sulfhydryl groups. Inside enzymes, sulfhydryl groups are responsible for
breaking casein and gluten apart. Therefore, a metallothionein deficiency will cause an
enzyme deficiency and a gluten and casein allergy. More than 85% of children suffering
from autism are gluten and casein intolerant and such an allergy may be the triggering
factor for the autism lurking inside.
What is the autism gluten-free casein-free diet?
It is believed that all those suffering from hyperactivity, destructive behavior, inflamed
bowels, constipation, lack of attention, violence and sleep disorders can find relief in a
gluten-free casein-free diet. All these symptoms are frequently encountered in patients
suffering from autism. Studies linking autism to gluten-free and casein-free diets began
in the 1990s, when it was proved that when eliminating these proteins from their diet,
behavior of patients suffering from autism was much improved. Cognitive functions,
general behavior, speech patterns, and well-being in children with autism also showed
great improvement.
The diet eliminates casein and gluten sources one by one. Results begin to show three
weeks after interrupting casein intake and three months after eliminating gluten. It is
recommended to eliminate products containing casein first, and eliminate gluten
afterward. The body flushes casein out easier and faster. One month after completely
removing casein from the diet, begin to cut out gluten, too. It takes longer or the body to
eliminate gluten.

Click here for more autism diet tips.

Contenu connexe

Dernier

Call Girl In Indore 📞9235973566📞 Just📲 Call Inaaya Indore Call Girls Service ...
Call Girl In Indore 📞9235973566📞 Just📲 Call Inaaya Indore Call Girls Service ...Call Girl In Indore 📞9235973566📞 Just📲 Call Inaaya Indore Call Girls Service ...
Call Girl In Indore 📞9235973566📞 Just📲 Call Inaaya Indore Call Girls Service ...
Sheetaleventcompany
 
❤️Amritsar Escorts Service☎️9815674956☎️ Call Girl service in Amritsar☎️ Amri...
❤️Amritsar Escorts Service☎️9815674956☎️ Call Girl service in Amritsar☎️ Amri...❤️Amritsar Escorts Service☎️9815674956☎️ Call Girl service in Amritsar☎️ Amri...
❤️Amritsar Escorts Service☎️9815674956☎️ Call Girl service in Amritsar☎️ Amri...
Sheetaleventcompany
 
Ahmedabad Call Girls Book Now 8980367676 Top Class Ahmedabad Escort Service A...
Ahmedabad Call Girls Book Now 8980367676 Top Class Ahmedabad Escort Service A...Ahmedabad Call Girls Book Now 8980367676 Top Class Ahmedabad Escort Service A...
Ahmedabad Call Girls Book Now 8980367676 Top Class Ahmedabad Escort Service A...
Genuine Call Girls
 
Dehradun Call Girls Service {8854095900} ❤️VVIP ROCKY Call Girl in Dehradun U...
Dehradun Call Girls Service {8854095900} ❤️VVIP ROCKY Call Girl in Dehradun U...Dehradun Call Girls Service {8854095900} ❤️VVIP ROCKY Call Girl in Dehradun U...
Dehradun Call Girls Service {8854095900} ❤️VVIP ROCKY Call Girl in Dehradun U...
Sheetaleventcompany
 
👉 Chennai Sexy Aunty’s WhatsApp Number 👉📞 7427069034 👉📞 Just📲 Call Ruhi Colle...
👉 Chennai Sexy Aunty’s WhatsApp Number 👉📞 7427069034 👉📞 Just📲 Call Ruhi Colle...👉 Chennai Sexy Aunty’s WhatsApp Number 👉📞 7427069034 👉📞 Just📲 Call Ruhi Colle...
👉 Chennai Sexy Aunty’s WhatsApp Number 👉📞 7427069034 👉📞 Just📲 Call Ruhi Colle...
rajnisinghkjn
 
Gorgeous Call Girls Dehradun {8854095900} ❤️VVIP ROCKY Call Girls in Dehradun...
Gorgeous Call Girls Dehradun {8854095900} ❤️VVIP ROCKY Call Girls in Dehradun...Gorgeous Call Girls Dehradun {8854095900} ❤️VVIP ROCKY Call Girls in Dehradun...
Gorgeous Call Girls Dehradun {8854095900} ❤️VVIP ROCKY Call Girls in Dehradun...
Sheetaleventcompany
 
💚Chandigarh Call Girls Service 💯Piya 📲🔝8868886958🔝Call Girls In Chandigarh No...
💚Chandigarh Call Girls Service 💯Piya 📲🔝8868886958🔝Call Girls In Chandigarh No...💚Chandigarh Call Girls Service 💯Piya 📲🔝8868886958🔝Call Girls In Chandigarh No...
💚Chandigarh Call Girls Service 💯Piya 📲🔝8868886958🔝Call Girls In Chandigarh No...
Sheetaleventcompany
 

Dernier (20)

💚Reliable Call Girls Chandigarh 💯Niamh 📲🔝8868886958🔝Call Girl In Chandigarh N...
💚Reliable Call Girls Chandigarh 💯Niamh 📲🔝8868886958🔝Call Girl In Chandigarh N...💚Reliable Call Girls Chandigarh 💯Niamh 📲🔝8868886958🔝Call Girl In Chandigarh N...
💚Reliable Call Girls Chandigarh 💯Niamh 📲🔝8868886958🔝Call Girl In Chandigarh N...
 
Call Girls in Lucknow Just Call 👉👉8630512678 Top Class Call Girl Service Avai...
Call Girls in Lucknow Just Call 👉👉8630512678 Top Class Call Girl Service Avai...Call Girls in Lucknow Just Call 👉👉8630512678 Top Class Call Girl Service Avai...
Call Girls in Lucknow Just Call 👉👉8630512678 Top Class Call Girl Service Avai...
 
Call Girl In Indore 📞9235973566📞 Just📲 Call Inaaya Indore Call Girls Service ...
Call Girl In Indore 📞9235973566📞 Just📲 Call Inaaya Indore Call Girls Service ...Call Girl In Indore 📞9235973566📞 Just📲 Call Inaaya Indore Call Girls Service ...
Call Girl In Indore 📞9235973566📞 Just📲 Call Inaaya Indore Call Girls Service ...
 
Race Course Road } Book Call Girls in Bangalore | Whatsapp No 6378878445 VIP ...
Race Course Road } Book Call Girls in Bangalore | Whatsapp No 6378878445 VIP ...Race Course Road } Book Call Girls in Bangalore | Whatsapp No 6378878445 VIP ...
Race Course Road } Book Call Girls in Bangalore | Whatsapp No 6378878445 VIP ...
 
❤️Amritsar Escorts Service☎️9815674956☎️ Call Girl service in Amritsar☎️ Amri...
❤️Amritsar Escorts Service☎️9815674956☎️ Call Girl service in Amritsar☎️ Amri...❤️Amritsar Escorts Service☎️9815674956☎️ Call Girl service in Amritsar☎️ Amri...
❤️Amritsar Escorts Service☎️9815674956☎️ Call Girl service in Amritsar☎️ Amri...
 
Call Girls Mussoorie Just Call 8854095900 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Mussoorie Just Call 8854095900 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Mussoorie Just Call 8854095900 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Mussoorie Just Call 8854095900 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Ahmedabad Call Girls Book Now 8980367676 Top Class Ahmedabad Escort Service A...
Ahmedabad Call Girls Book Now 8980367676 Top Class Ahmedabad Escort Service A...Ahmedabad Call Girls Book Now 8980367676 Top Class Ahmedabad Escort Service A...
Ahmedabad Call Girls Book Now 8980367676 Top Class Ahmedabad Escort Service A...
 
Dehradun Call Girls Service {8854095900} ❤️VVIP ROCKY Call Girl in Dehradun U...
Dehradun Call Girls Service {8854095900} ❤️VVIP ROCKY Call Girl in Dehradun U...Dehradun Call Girls Service {8854095900} ❤️VVIP ROCKY Call Girl in Dehradun U...
Dehradun Call Girls Service {8854095900} ❤️VVIP ROCKY Call Girl in Dehradun U...
 
Cardiac Output, Venous Return, and Their Regulation
Cardiac Output, Venous Return, and Their RegulationCardiac Output, Venous Return, and Their Regulation
Cardiac Output, Venous Return, and Their Regulation
 
👉 Chennai Sexy Aunty’s WhatsApp Number 👉📞 7427069034 👉📞 Just📲 Call Ruhi Colle...
👉 Chennai Sexy Aunty’s WhatsApp Number 👉📞 7427069034 👉📞 Just📲 Call Ruhi Colle...👉 Chennai Sexy Aunty’s WhatsApp Number 👉📞 7427069034 👉📞 Just📲 Call Ruhi Colle...
👉 Chennai Sexy Aunty’s WhatsApp Number 👉📞 7427069034 👉📞 Just📲 Call Ruhi Colle...
 
Call Girls Rishikesh Just Call 9667172968 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Rishikesh Just Call 9667172968 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Rishikesh Just Call 9667172968 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Rishikesh Just Call 9667172968 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Cheap Rate Call Girls Bangalore {9179660964} ❤️VVIP BEBO Call Girls in Bangal...
Cheap Rate Call Girls Bangalore {9179660964} ❤️VVIP BEBO Call Girls in Bangal...Cheap Rate Call Girls Bangalore {9179660964} ❤️VVIP BEBO Call Girls in Bangal...
Cheap Rate Call Girls Bangalore {9179660964} ❤️VVIP BEBO Call Girls in Bangal...
 
Gorgeous Call Girls Dehradun {8854095900} ❤️VVIP ROCKY Call Girls in Dehradun...
Gorgeous Call Girls Dehradun {8854095900} ❤️VVIP ROCKY Call Girls in Dehradun...Gorgeous Call Girls Dehradun {8854095900} ❤️VVIP ROCKY Call Girls in Dehradun...
Gorgeous Call Girls Dehradun {8854095900} ❤️VVIP ROCKY Call Girls in Dehradun...
 
Chennai ❣️ Call Girl 6378878445 Call Girls in Chennai Escort service book now
Chennai ❣️ Call Girl 6378878445 Call Girls in Chennai Escort service book nowChennai ❣️ Call Girl 6378878445 Call Girls in Chennai Escort service book now
Chennai ❣️ Call Girl 6378878445 Call Girls in Chennai Escort service book now
 
7 steps How to prevent Thalassemia : Dr Sharda Jain & Vandana Gupta
7 steps How to prevent Thalassemia : Dr Sharda Jain & Vandana Gupta7 steps How to prevent Thalassemia : Dr Sharda Jain & Vandana Gupta
7 steps How to prevent Thalassemia : Dr Sharda Jain & Vandana Gupta
 
Call Girls in Lucknow Just Call 👉👉 8875999948 Top Class Call Girl Service Ava...
Call Girls in Lucknow Just Call 👉👉 8875999948 Top Class Call Girl Service Ava...Call Girls in Lucknow Just Call 👉👉 8875999948 Top Class Call Girl Service Ava...
Call Girls in Lucknow Just Call 👉👉 8875999948 Top Class Call Girl Service Ava...
 
Call Girls Kathua Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Kathua Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Kathua Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Kathua Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Circulatory Shock, types and stages, compensatory mechanisms
Circulatory Shock, types and stages, compensatory mechanismsCirculatory Shock, types and stages, compensatory mechanisms
Circulatory Shock, types and stages, compensatory mechanisms
 
💚Chandigarh Call Girls Service 💯Piya 📲🔝8868886958🔝Call Girls In Chandigarh No...
💚Chandigarh Call Girls Service 💯Piya 📲🔝8868886958🔝Call Girls In Chandigarh No...💚Chandigarh Call Girls Service 💯Piya 📲🔝8868886958🔝Call Girls In Chandigarh No...
💚Chandigarh Call Girls Service 💯Piya 📲🔝8868886958🔝Call Girls In Chandigarh No...
 
Call Girls Shahdol Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Shahdol Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Shahdol Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Shahdol Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 

En vedette

How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
ThinkNow
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Kurio // The Social Media Age(ncy)
 

En vedette (20)

How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
 
Skeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture CodeSkeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture Code
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
 
How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations
 
Introduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data ScienceIntroduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data Science
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project management
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
 
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
 
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
 
ChatGPT webinar slides
ChatGPT webinar slidesChatGPT webinar slides
ChatGPT webinar slides
 

Autism Gluten Free Diet Tips

  • 1. Autism Gluten Free Diet News & The Casein Free Diet Dysfunctions in the autism spectrum are categorized as developmental disorders which affect children by impacting their communication and social interaction skills. In their fight against these symptoms, parents often resort to alternative treatments, such as specialized diets. Nutrition has a great impact on physical and mental development, and convincing clinical studies support the idea that an unbalanced diet influences autism in children. Over the past years, the autism gluten free and casein free diet gained popularity claiming to help relieve or even eliminate the symptoms completely. What Is An Autism Gluten Free Diet? Gluten is a protein found in wheat, oat, rye, barley, and all foods that use these cereals. Gluten is also present in semi-prepared foods, products containing artificial colors, soy sauce, bread, and pastry. Make sure you always read the label carefully to identify the presence of gluten. Gluten sticks to the walls of the intestines, thus preventing optimal nutrient absorption at an intestinal level. The worst case scenario is when the body cannot receive vital nutrientsanymore and becomes incredibly weak. This is known as the Celiac disease. Gluten intolerance symptoms: abdominal cramps and constant bloating; diarrhea; out of control weight loss and developmental disorders; nausea;
  • 2. constipation; iron deficiency; fatigue, due to the lack of nutrients; ulcers; osteoporosis What is casein? Beta-CM7, the protein in milk and dairy products, also known as casein, is considered one of the main promoters of autism symptoms together with gluten. Read the labels carefully to see whether the product contains casein or not. Casein intolerance is more violent and easier to recognize. Casein intolerance symptoms: skin reactions, such as rashes or itches; tongue, face, or throat swelling, which can cause breathing difficulties; vomiting. In order to have a clearer picture of how your kid reacts to certain foods, keep a diary. Write down the meal and reactions within two hours after eating. What is metallothionein? William J. Walsch M.D., biochemistry professor and researcher at the Pfeiffer Treatment Center in Illinois, conducted a research that showed that a congenital defect in metallothionein production may be the primary cause of autism. In his opinion, all
  • 3. autims problems, both immunological and mental, can be explained by the poor functioning of metallothionein. Metallothionein is a protein that regulates the body’s vital functions. Large concentrations are found in the intestinal mucose membrane, where it serves as a contact agent between zinc and heavy metals. When living in such a polluted environment, ingesting mercury, lead, aluminium, and platinum is almost inevitable, hence the essential role of metallothionein. This is why a metallothionein deficiency can cause a series of problems in children’s development. In most cases, autism is a genetic disease, lurking inside the body, triggered when the system is overbusy. The determining factor might be a vaccine, a bacteria, or a viral infection assisted by antibiotics. Autism has a growth rate that is simply too high for a genetic disease. In the United States alone, incidence grew from 1:180,000 to 1:180, even 1:150 in certain states. Thankfully, “genetic” is not a synonym for “incurable” or “hopeless.” What is the link between autism and gluten and casein intolerance? Approximately 85 % of children suffering from autism present intestinal and digestive disorders, mainly due to excessive fungal growth, food allergies, and hypersensitivity. If there’s not enough metallothionein in the intestines, heavy metals like lead and mercury will bind to the sulfhydryl groups. Inside enzymes, sulfhydryl groups are responsible for breaking casein and gluten apart. Therefore, a metallothionein deficiency will cause an enzyme deficiency and a gluten and casein allergy. More than 85% of children suffering from autism are gluten and casein intolerant and such an allergy may be the triggering factor for the autism lurking inside. What is the autism gluten-free casein-free diet?
  • 4. It is believed that all those suffering from hyperactivity, destructive behavior, inflamed bowels, constipation, lack of attention, violence and sleep disorders can find relief in a gluten-free casein-free diet. All these symptoms are frequently encountered in patients suffering from autism. Studies linking autism to gluten-free and casein-free diets began in the 1990s, when it was proved that when eliminating these proteins from their diet, behavior of patients suffering from autism was much improved. Cognitive functions, general behavior, speech patterns, and well-being in children with autism also showed great improvement. The diet eliminates casein and gluten sources one by one. Results begin to show three weeks after interrupting casein intake and three months after eliminating gluten. It is recommended to eliminate products containing casein first, and eliminate gluten afterward. The body flushes casein out easier and faster. One month after completely removing casein from the diet, begin to cut out gluten, too. It takes longer or the body to eliminate gluten. Click here for more autism diet tips.