Updated!

1. 180 units to graduate at Stanford University means that on average a student must take 15 units per quarter 1 hour of class time per unit means students must be in class for 15 hours per week .

2. division I student athletes devote over 40 hours to their sport per week 1 , leading many to squeeze most of of their class time into the morning hours!

3. An analysis of the Stanford student athlete’s utilization of time between lectures for stress reduction Researched and created by Coulton Bunney Stanford University Class of 2013 Human Biology

4. A typical day in the shoes of a student athlete: 1. Wake up at 7am. 2. Attend mandatory practice until 9am. 3. Attend classes from 10am – 2pm with lunch break. 4. Attend afternoon practice from 3pm – 7pm. 5. Shower and eat dinner. 6. Do homework from 8:30pm – 11pm. 7. Go to bed. LITTLE SLEEP + INTENSE PRESSURE TO PERFORM + SUFFOCATINGLY TIGHT SCHEDULE = STRESS

6. All of these practices lead to stress! texting “ is beginning to worry physicians and psychologists, who say it is leading to anxiety […] falling grades, repetitive stress injury […]” 2 cell phone use “ Aside from becoming an intrusion and consequently resulting in perceived stress, [Information and Communication Technology, which includes cell phones] use can itself be a source of stress.” 3 worrying about lecture “ Academic concerns like school work and grades, with 77 percent and 74 percent respectively, maintain their positions as the top drivers of student stress” 4 rushing in between classes “ [Hurry sickness then is] expressed as heart disease, high blood pressure, or depression of our immune function” 5

7. what if we can take this time that all students waste in between lectures and utilize it to slow down the intense day of a Stanford athlete…? My analysis of current solutions in this field all point To focusing on the act of walking itself.

11. SUMMARY Mind based solutions: (+) Increases resilience to stress, decreases mind wandering, and gives users reason to engage in a proven stress reduction method (--) No good methods to trigger this behavior without strict self- discipline, and also need initial time to learn practice Tempo focused solutions: (+) Increases adherence to focused walking, prevents mind wandering, and gives concrete feedback on pace (--) Calming properties too dependent on genre, leading to subjective stress reduction from user to user Goal oriented solutions: (+) Gives incentive to users to engage in continued practice from both a data and fun driven perspective (--) Does not actively require user attention whilst walking, thus failing to defeat the stress causing properties such as texting, worrying, etc

12. THUS! Mind based solutions seems to have the largest efficacy in reducing stress without external controls, but tempo and goal solutions seem to be more accessible. If controlled for genre, tempo based solutions would be most effective method for stress reduction in Stanford athletes.

13. CONCLUSION INSERT STRESS RELIEF INTO AN ATHLETE’S DAY 12pm 10am 11am 1pm Lecture Lecture Lecture Lunch genre controlled tempo based solution

14. CITATIONS 1 http://www.usatoday.com/sports/college/2011-01-14-ncaa-survey_N.htm 2 http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/26/health/26teen.html 3 Massimini, M., & Peterson, M. (2009). Information and Communication Technology: Affects on U.S. College Students. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 3(1), article 3. 4 http://www.campuscalm.com/did_you_know.html 5 http://www.amca.com/articles/article-hurrysickness.html 6 http://www.webmd.com/mental-health/news/20031022/music-improves-mood 7 http://psychcentral.com/lib/2007/the-power-of-music-to-reduce-stress/ 8 Research:Interventions to promote walking: systematic review David Ogilvie, Charles E Foster, Helen Rothnie, Nick Cavill, Val Hamilton, Claire F Fitzsimons, Nanette Mutrie , on behalf of the Scottish Physical Activity Research Collaboration (SPARColl)BMJ 2007;334:1204 doi:10.1136/bmj.39198.722720.BE (Published 31 May 2007) 9 http://www.sixwise.com/newsletters/05/10/12/new-study-confirms-it-music-is-a-must- for-your-good-health--and-your-brain.htm 10 http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-science-willpower/201009/walking- meditation-the-perfect-10-minute-willpower-boost 11 Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., and Walach, H. (2004). "Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis", Journal of Psychosomatic Research 57:35–43

15. CITATIONS (CONTINUED) 12 http://www.kundaliniresearchinstitute.org/breathwalk/whatisbw/science.html