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Application optimization with POWER 7
1.
IBM Power Systems
IBM i Application Optimization with POWER7 Gottfried Schimunek 3605 Highway 52 North Senior Architect Rochester, MN 55901 Application Design IBM STG Software Tel 507-253-2367 Development Fax 845-491-2347 Lab Services Gottfried@us.ibm.com IBM ISV Enablement © 2012 IBM Corporation IBM Power Systems Acknowledgements Many thanks to: – Helen Olson-Williams - Lab Services Performance and Scalability Services – Anil Madan - Consulting IT Specialist, Lab Services Performance – Charles Farrell - Lab Services Performance and Scalability Services – Mark Funk - Software Performance Analyst, Systems HW Development 2 © 2012 IBM Corporation 1
2.
IBM Power Systems
Agenda POWER7 Architecture and Performance Features Application Performance Characteristics Performance data collection and analysis Tuning applications and system for best performance Hardware configuration optimization 3 © 2012 IBM Corporation IBM Power Systems Comparative Anatomy … POWER6 vs. POWER7 More on Cache: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_cache Memory DIMM Memory DIMM Memory DIMM Memory DIMM Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Memory DIMM Memory DIMM Memory DIMM Memory DIMM L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB Memory DIMM L2 L2 Memory DIMM Cache Memory DIMM 4MB 4MB Memory DIMM Memory DIMM Cache Memory DIMM L3 4MB L3 4MB L3 4MB L3 4MB L3 4MB L3 4MB L3 4MB L3 4MB Memory DIMM POWER6 Chip Memory DIMM POWER7 Chip Important points: L3 32MB shared “Multi-core” is not new. Cache – Fewer chips for same core count. POWER7 has 4x more cores per chip 32 2 2 32 MB Cores Cores MB Cache topology is very different. 8-core POWER6 – The latencies have improved with POWER7. (128 MB L3) Cache 32 2 2 32 – L3 data laterally cast out into neighbor L3. MB Cores Cores MB POWER7 has fewer memory DIMMs per core. 4 © 2012 IBM Corporation 2
3.
IBM Power Systems Systems
Made From Multiple Chips All memory and contents of all active cache 750 accessible to all processors. • 1 – 4 Chips (Cache-Coherent SMP) • 8 or 6 physical cores per chip • 8 DIMM slots per chip All chiplets (cores and cache) are active (i.e., no CUOD) OS license count defines cores which execute instructions (i.e., a subset of active/physical cores). • Single partition … Cores packaged densely. • Multiple partitions … Each partition packaged densely if possible, partitions on separate chip’s cores per memory. • Cache Active only on OS-licensed chiplets … Energy Savings. Active chiplet count based on CUoD … 4, 8, 16, 32, 48, 64 (and 24 in “TurboCore”) A 770/780 drawer always has 2 chips … 16 physical cores if 8-core chips. OS licensed core count placed onto active chiplets. 770 and 780 • 1 to 4 drawers 16-core Systems: • 2 Chips per drawer • POWER6 … 4 drawers and 8 chips • 6 or 8 cores per chip • POWER7 770 … 1 drawer and 2 chips. • 8 DIMM slots per chip • POWER7 780 … 2 drawers and 4 chips. 5 © 2012 IBM Corporation IBM Power Systems Simultaneous Multi-Threading (SMT) – POWER Systems Time (cycles) SMT=OFF 11 cycles 11 cycles Thread 1 Thread 2 SMT=ON ... in this trivial example -With SMT: •Thread 1: 18% longer •Thread 2: 9% longer 13 cycles •69% throughput increase 12 cycles Amount of overlap/contention is environment dependent. Capacity is increased but individual thread execution time in CPU is slightly more when running concurrently – because of possible contention. 6 © 2012 IBM Corporation 3
4.
IBM Power Systems 4-WAY
SMT (Simultaneous Multi-Threading) POWER5/6 have 2-Way SMT SMT4 Provides Still More Capacity. Up to 4 thread’s instruction streams executing in parallel on one core. • 4 threads share the same cache(s) and “pipes”. • SMT4 Performance enabled via Faster L2 cache. 2 • 8-core chip can support 32 threads. • 2-core POWER6 chip supports only 4 threads. 2 SMT works because other thread’s instructions execute during • Another thread’s cache miss delays. • When pipe stage not already used by another. Cores have a lot more capacity than is used by a single task. • SMT4 common to have 1.5-2X more capacity over ST. However, when core executing multiple threads, each thread’s execution speed is slower. • SMT4’s 2X capacity increase also means ½ throughput for individual thread. Cores automatically switch between ST, SMT2, SMT4. 7 © 2012 IBM Corporation IBM Power Systems More on Cache: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_cache Cache Design Enhanced… Lateral Cast-out Core Core POWER6 (In preparation for explaining “TurboCore”) Memory DIMM Fast L2 for rapid cache fills of L1s. L2 4MB L2 4MB Memory DIMM More Cache means Memory DIMM • Better Single-Threaded Performance As data read into L2, other data stored out to L3. L3 Memory DIMM • More System Capacity Called a “Cast-Out”. 32 MB • Acts to offset lower frequency. POWER7 To make room for cache fills, Memory DIMM block in L2 is “Cast-Out” to L3. Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core (Data cast-out of L3 written to memory if changed.) Memory DIMM Memory DIMM In order to make room for block cast into L3, a block may be “Cast-Out” out to another L3. Memory DIMM L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB This is most useful when other cores on chip Memory DIMM are temporarily or permanently idle. Memory DIMM L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 Lateral Cast-Out exists on all chips by default, Memory DIMM 4MB 4MB 4MB 4MB 4MB 4MB 4MB 4MB but only amongst licensed/active chiplets. Memory DIMM (Now onto “TurboCore”.) “Lateral Cast-Out”” 8 © 2012 IBM Corporation 4
5.
IBM Power Systems
“TurboCore” More Cache And Higher Frequency. 16-way 770/780 Drawer A chip with 4 Active Cores can Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core more easily be cooled. L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB This, in turn, allows a higher frequency. L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 4MB 4MB 4MB 4MB 4MB 4MB 4MB 4MB 4MB 4MB 4MB 4MB 4MB 4MB 4MB 4MB ( 3.86 GHz 4.14 GHz ) 8-Chiplet chip has 8 L3 caches, so remaining 4 remain enabled. 8-way 780 TurboCore Drawer Best results expected in multi-partition Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 environment with partition’s packaged 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB within individual chips. L3 4MB L3 4MB L3 4MB L3 4MB L3 4MB L3 4MB L3 4MB L3 4MB L3 4MB L3 4MB L3 4MB L3 4MB L3 4MB L3 4MB L3 4MB L3 4MB 16-way 780 TurboCore System 8-way 780 TurboCore Drawer In some workloads and partition placements, Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core cross-chip traffic can offset benefits of TurboCore. L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB 256KB Example: L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 16-core CPW … 4-chip TurboCore has slightly less throughput. 4MB 4MB 4MB 4MB 4MB 4MB 4MB 4MB 4MB 4MB 4MB 4MB 4MB 4MB 4MB 4MB 8-core CPW … 2-chip TurboCore has slightly more throughput. 9 © 2012 IBM Corporation IBM Power Systems The Conclusion Chart … Think of POWER7 Performance as having … • Better Core-to-Core Capacity Producing Desired Growth • Massive improvement in “socket” capacity …. 8 cores per chip • A lot more capacity within a package (card, drawer). • A lower frequency (than POWER6), but still better • Capacity improvements result from other improvements • Many single-threaded workloads execute better than POWER6. • Lower energy consumption per core • Even more energy savings if you exploit IBM Systems Director Active Energy Manager. 10 © 2012 IBM Corporation 5
6.
IBM Power Systems Application
Performance Characteristics Batch performance characteristics; single vs multithread – Multithreaded applications can automatically take advantage of new POWER features Typically I/O bound – Single threaded applications will need some tuning Typically uses only a single core at a time (e.g. max 6% of a sixteen way) Typically I/O bound CPU or disk I/O bound? – Low overall CPU utilization, high disk utilization, lots of memory paging – Tuning techniques available to make an I/O bound job CPU bound Batch jobs waiting for something else? – Wait for I/Os, e.g. disk configuration # disk arms, disk speed, IOA, disk cache, etc. – Wait for processors, CPU queuing, higher priorities, virtualization, capping, etc. – Wait for record locks and seizes, DB design, application architecture – Wait for many other potential wait situations, hundreds of wait situations 11 © 2012 IBM Corporation IBM Power Systems Multithread vs single thread applications - Example Start of End-of-Day Process Job1 Job2 Job3 Job4 Job5 Single thread Job1 Job2 Job3 Job4 Job5 End of End-of-Day Process Backup Some applications cannot be run in multithread mode, e.g. data integrity, data dependency, etc Processor utilization in single threaded is typically below 20% Performance improvements in single threaded jobs are limited to one processor unless DB SMP is used 12 © 2012 IBM Corporation 6
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IBM Power Systems Single
versus multi-threaded Application runtime Single-threaded A B C Timesingle-threaded Multi-threaded A • Can be multithreads in programs, or more likely multi jobs on IBM i B • In practice, finding these thread regions is not easy but so valuable for performance and being handled automatically at the CPU C hardware level Timemulti-threaded 13 © 2012 IBM Corporation IBM Power Systems How to multithread an application? Use DB2 SMP feature to parallelize I/O and index operations Use Holey inserts to improve concurrent ADDs Split input stream into multiple concurrent batch jobs so that each job works on separate parts of the input data From single thread: A B C To multiple threads: A B C A B C use iStream and BSTAR from Cinimex at http://www.cinimex.co.uk/products/bstar.html – Automatically multithreads applications w/o application programming required 14 © 2012 IBM Corporation 7
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IBM Power Systems Finding
the optimal number of threads The first challenge is to evenly distribute work across threads. In this simple example, 8 threads are running concurrently, but the work is not evenly distributed CPU resources are under-utilized. Time (cycles) 15 © 2012 IBM Corporation IBM Power Systems Find the optimal number of threads On Power 7, for the highest overall capacity, number of concurrent threads = number of cores * 4 2 cores 8 concurrent threads For the best runtime for individual threads, number of concurrent threads = number of cores 2 cores 2 concurrent threads High priority work 16 © 2012 IBM Corporation 8
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IBM Power Systems Power
6 CPU Queuing Time -> Power 7 Dispatched CPU Time Power 6, 5.0 Ghz, 3 PUs, 3 Virtual Processor SMT 2 -> 6 threads dispatched Power 7, 3.5 Ghz, 2.5 PUs, 3 Virtual Processor SMT 4 -> 12 threads dispatched Note: It appears there are additional CPU resources available on Power 7. Keep in mind that thread execution time is longer when in SMT 4 mode. 17 © 2012 IBM Corporation IBM Power Systems How to improve I/O bound jobs? - make them CPU bound.. 100 Goal: Eliminate all or reduce most of the I/O waits 80 Use SETOBJACC for high volume accessed files and indexes 60 I/O 40 Avoid open/close of files, use RETRN vs SETON *LR in RPG CPU 20 Remove deleted records – RGZPFM 0 Use REUSEDLT(*YES) to enhance concurrent writes I/O bound CPU bound Optimize Load/ Copy/ Save processes by multithreading and/or other techniques Change random reads to sequential reads • Higher blocking for input/output only operations – SEQONLY((*YES #rcds)) >= 128KB Increase logical page size in DB operations • Avoid opening Output files as I-O files to take advantage of logical blocking. Eliminate FRCRATIO(1) • CRTLF PAGESIZ(64 – 512KB) Use Expert cache in job pools For High volume ADDs, use DB2 SMP for parallel index maintenance and use ALLOCATE(*YES) Use SQL to create DB rather than DDS If journaling – Use larger commit cycles – Use HA Journal Performance Enhancement feature (SS1 opt 42) – Reduce JRN entry size with RCVSIZOPT(*RMVINTENT) 18 © 2012 IBM Corporation 9
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IBM Power Systems Analyze
Performance by collecting performance data What performance tools to use? – Collection services – 5 minutes interval for the complete run duration – Job Watcher – to identify wait components – PEX Analyzer with disk read/writes start/end ops – Disk Watcher to review disk and IO related performance 19 © 2012 IBM Corporation IBM Power Systems IBM Systems Director Navigator for i Performance, Investigate Data 20 © 2012 IBM Corporation 10
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IBM Power Systems Investigate
Data Perspectives are a logical grouping of similar or related views that benefit from being rendered side-by-side for reference or context. Content Package is a set of perspectives that share a commonality (major theme). ! New Performance Explorer and 21 Health Indicators2012 IBM Corporation © IBM Power Systems Investigate Data – Select Collection The Collection boxes allow you to specify which collection you want to work with. Only collections valid for the type of chart you select will be displayed. 22 © 2012 IBM Corporation 11
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IBM Power Systems Resource
Utilization Overview - Percentages Nice summary for general overall health: • CPU Utilization • Disk Utilization • Disk Busy 23 © 2012 IBM Corporation IBM Power Systems Resource Utilization Overview - Rates Nice summary for general overall health: • 5250 Transactions • I/Os per Second • Page Faults 24 © 2012 IBM Corporation 12
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IBM Power Systems CPU
Utilization and Waits Overview 25 © 2012 IBM Corporation IBM Power Systems What is iDoctor? • Product developed by the Support Center to enable effective resolution of customer performance problems • Graphical analysis • Heavy focus on wait analysis • Main components – Job Watcher – detailed job data and analysis – PEX Analyzer - PEX data analysis – Disk Watcher 26 © 2012 IBM Corporation 13
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IBM Power Systems iDoctor
tools (Job Watcher and PEX Analyzer) Take You … ………………….…from this level…………..………. CPU Q’ing Disk I/O Other ………………….…to this level…………..………. H Sync Read / User Pgm OS/400 Pgm MI Instr LIC CPU Assist Queuing Write DASD wait / Pending Fault Write e l Other COMM SeizesLocks Gates d Obj Op'n Op'n Pool Name Start/Stop type & (MS/AS) & Type Time length CPU Time DASD I/O Time Other Wait Time 27 © 2012 IBM Corporation IBM Power Systems Waits Overview – iDoctor Job Watcher 28 © 2012 IBM Corporation 14
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IBM Power Systems
Waits Overview – iDoctor Job Watcher – Example Physical IO USER000001 29 © 2012 IBM Corporation IBM Power Systems Waits Overview – iDoctor Job Watcher – Example Physical IO USER000001 JOB1NUM001 JOB2NUM002 JOB3NUM003 30 © 2012 IBM Corporation 15
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IBM Power Systems
Waits Overview – iDoctor Job Watcher – Objects Waited On USER000001 JOB2NUM002 File000001 MBR1 File000002 MBR1 File000003 MBR1 File000004 MBR1 File000005 MBR1 File000006 MBR1 File000007 MBR1 File000008 MBR1 File000009 MBR1 File000010 MBR1 31 © 2012 IBM Corporation IBM Power Systems Power Solid State Drive Processors Memory SSD Disk Very, very, Very, very, Very, very slow very, very, very fast comparatively very fast Fast 1,000,000 - < 10’s ns ~100 ns ~200,000 ns 8,000,000 ns Access Speed Sweet spots 1. Batch window reduction for disk bound applications You can cut up to 40-50% off window 2. Response time - transaction/data base for disk bound applications – Key points – -- A modest quantity of SSD can make a big difference – -- Biggest performance boost for random read workload 32 © 2012 IBM Corporation 16
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IBM Power Systems Mixed
SSD + HDD – cold and hot data It is typical for data bases to have a large percentage of data which is infrequently used (“cold”) and a small percentage of data which is frequently used (“hot”) Hot data may be only 10-20% capacity, but represent 80-90% activity SSD offers best price performance when focused on “hot” data HDD offers best storage cost, so focus it on “cold” data …. sort of a hierarchal approach Cold May be able to use larger HDD and/or a larger % capacity used Hot Can run SSD closer to 100% capacity 33 © 2012 IBM Corporation IBM Power Systems Waits Overview – iDoctor Job Watcher – Before and After JOB2NUM002 USER000001 JOB2NUM002 USER000001 JOB2NUM002 JOB2NUM002 34 © 2012 IBM Corporation 17
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IBM Power Systems Practical
experiences and other optimization examples from recent engagements…… 35 © 2012 IBM Corporation IBM Power Systems Application scalability and tuning engagement for Business Partner Results – Max tps increased from 2000 -> 6139, Changes made during Performance and Scalability Test – Created multiple copies of TR files to reduce contention (gate wait) when inserting records to the transaction files. – Pre-allocate log file to reduce seize contention when files extend. – Switch from varchar to fixed length field in log file since most of the accesses are the max length, to reduce seize contention on auxiliary space. – Turn on journal caching. – Increase jorecra threshold to reduce seize contention on index. – Contention on an application userqueue - balance workload simulation. Will need to consider adding more queues in the future. – Change frcwrtratio from 1 to *none and specify Seqonly *no to reduce dasd wait time and to reduce contention when multiple jobs force a file to disk – Other application 'clean up' activities set index size to *max1tb for a few files set reuse deleted to *yes 36 © 2012 IBM Corporation 18
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IBM Power Systems Before
tuning 2000 tps, cpu utilization 20% 37 © 2012 IBM Corporation IBM Power Systems After tuning 6139 tps, cpu utilization 40% Chart coming 38 © 2012 IBM Corporation 19
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IBM Power Systems End
of Day Batch – scalability testing and tuning for growth 2X, 3X, 4X growth scenarios, some results: 2X – End of Day 2X – End of Month 4X – End of Day 4X – End of Month Power 6, 10 cores Power 6, 10 cores Power 7, 32 cores Power 7, 32 cores 220gb memory 220gb memory 586gb memory 586gb memory Appl and system Appl and system tuning changes tuning changes 5 hrs 6 min 12 hrs 23 min < 4 hrs 7 hrs 4 min Changes made during Performance and Scalability Test – Application changes: Reduced full opens of db files Increased parallelism in batch stream Used setobjacc to load key files in memory – System and application settings Turn on Journal cache Re-use deleted records to take advantage of concurrent write DB2 fix to reduce impact of seize when records added to file Increased SMAPP recovery threshold 39 © 2012 IBM Corporation IBM Power Systems 2X – EOM Before adding hardware and tuning changes 40 © 2012 IBM Corporation 20
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IBM Power Systems 4X
- EOM Additional cpu and memory, tuning changes 41 © 2012 IBM Corporation IBM Power Systems 2X – EOD Before adding hardware and tuning changes 42 © 2012 IBM Corporation 21
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IBM Power Systems 4X
- EOD Additional cpu and memory, tuning changes 43 © 2012 IBM Corporation IBM Power Systems Application and System Tuning to achieve SLAs for quarterly pricing update Results: – Increased number of cpu cores by 50% – Tuned application and system – 86% improvement in throughput Tuning changes made during Performance and Scalability Test – Application changes: Reduce date conversions Change random to sequential IO – System and application settings Tuned/reduced the number of concurrent jobs Tuned memory settings Apply PTF to take advantage of skip-locked-row sql processing 44 © 2012 IBM Corporation 22
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IBM Power Systems Before
tuning application, system and adding hardware 8.7 million updates per hour 45 © 2012 IBM Corporation IBM Power Systems After application and system tuning changes, adding cpu 16.2 million updates per hour 46 © 2012 IBM Corporation 23
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IBM Power Systems Tuning
applications and system for best performance Memory pools, activity level, expert cache, SETOBJACC, etc. – Proper memory pool sizing and tuning Move all available memory to the batch pool, or Use QPFRADJ(2 or 3) Make sure memory pool is enabled for expert cache Application tuning, e.g. SEQONLY((*YES nbrof rcds)), NBRRCDS(nbrofrcds) – SEQONLY is for program buffer (for input only, for output only) – NBRRCDS is used for SLIC buffer – Try to set as large as possible, e.g. 128KB or even 256KB SQL vs native I/O – SQL can take advantage of multithreading in IBM i, e.g. parallel ADD, large page support, etc. Journal caching – Reduces write waits and number of I/Os significantly – IBM i option- fee DB2 SMP – Enables many multithreaded features for the DB, e.g. index maintenance, index builds – IBM i option - fee 47 © 2012 IBM Corporation IBM Power Systems Hardware configuration optimization # of processors allocated, # of VPs – Ensure you always have enough CPU capacity for the complete run, e.g. <100% SSD – Solid Sate Drives vs HDDs performance characteristics and when to use – Use SSDs for select DB objects or hot pages traced from previous batch runs – Use the QIBMSSD tool to determine if SSDs will help, – use TRCASPBAL to trace and collect information of disk usage – And STRASPBAL to move hot objects onto SSDs, or back to HDDs – Investigate hot data and – Run TRCASPBAL and STRASPBAL *HSM (6.1.1) to move hot data to SSDs Run STRASPBAL *SSSM (7.1) to move hot to SSDs + move cold data back to HDDs Move complete files or libraries with CRTxF or CHGxF or CREATE/ALTER TABLE/INDEX CRTLIB ASP(ssd-ASP), CREATE SCHEMA x IN ASP n Proper disk arm and disk IOA caching options – The more disk adaptors, the better – The more cache, the better – RAID5 typically provides better write performance – Use the WLE tool to actually use collected disk performance data and estimate most performance optimal disk configuration Disk adapter cache for read and write ops – The larger the cache, the better the performance Power and energy saving options vs Performance options – Watch out for energy saving options set in HMC or Active Energy Manager – AEM – Can significantly influence performance 48 © 2012 IBM Corporation 24
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IBM Power Systems
Energy Saving 101 If I have 8 lights (i.e. Cores) that produce 8000 lumens, and I only need 4000 … My options include … - Turn some off … Cease clocking of some cores (OS-based) - Nap cores (End clocking core, cache remains active) - OS returns unused cores to hypervisor for napping. - Sleep chiplets (End clocking core and cache) - Sleep used if cores not licensed or if not used for an extended period. - Dim them … Slow the Frequency (TPMD-based) - Dynamic Power Save option in Systems Director. Frequency Adjusting Modes … Three options: - Static Power Save …. Frequency Lowered by Fixed Percentage below nominal to save power. - Dynamic Power Save - Normal Variably adjusts frequency to reduce power. Frequency returns to nominal when required by processor utilization. - Dynamic Power Save – Favor Performance Same as “Normal”, but frequency can reach a super-nominal frequency if power/cooling limits allow. 49 © 2012 IBM Corporation IBM Power Systems Summary and references Performance of POWER6 and POWER7 systems are excellent – take advantage Some applications may not be able to take advantage of the POWER6 or POWER7 architecture features – Check out best practices and apply system and application tuning techniques IBM can help Clients, BP and ISVs to analyze and optimize their solutions to take advantage of POWER6 and POWER7 – Let me know if you have a question or need some help with performance Send an email to: stgls@us.ibm.com 50 © 2012 IBM Corporation 25
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IBM Power Systems
Questions 51 © 2012 IBM Corporation IBM Power Systems Requirements If you have items your business requires, Submit a requirement! Help IBM understand how we can help you. 52 © 2012 IBM Corporation 26
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IBM Power Systems 53
© 2012 IBM Corporation IBM Power Systems 54 © 2012 IBM Corporation 27
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IBM Power Systems Performance
and Scalability Services The IBM i Performance and Scalability Services Center can provide facilities and hardware IN ROCHESTER to assist you in testing hardware or software changes “Traditional” benchmarks Release-to-release upgrades Assess application performance when migrating to a new release of IBM I Stress test your system Determine impact of application changes Proofs of Concept (e.g. HA alternatives; SSD analysis, external storage, etc.) Evaluate application scalability Capacity planning … all with the availability of Lab Services IBM i experts and development personnel To request any of these services, submit at: http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/services/labservices/psscontact.html 55 © 2012 IBM Corporation IBM Power Systems IBM Systems Lab Services and Training Mainframe Systems Our Mission and Profile Support the IBM Systems Agenda and accelerate the adoption of new Power Systems products and solutions Maximize performance of our clients’ existing IBM systems Deliver technical training, conferences, and other services tailored to System x & Bladecenter meet client needs Team with IBM Service Providers to optimize the deployment of IBM solutions (GTS, GBS, SWG Lab Services and our IBM Business System Storage Partners) Our Competitive Advantage IT Infrastructure Optimization Leverage relationships with the IBM development labs to build deep technical skills and exploit the expertise of our developers Combined expertise of Lab Services and the Training for Systems team Data Center Services Skills can be deployed worldwide to assure all client needs can be met Successful worldwide history: Training Services 17 years in Americas, 9 years in Europe/Middle East/Africa, 5 years in Asia Pacific www.ibm.com/systems/services/labservices stgls@us.ibm.com 56 © 2012 IBM Corporation 28
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IBM Power Systems Special
notices This document was developed for IBM offerings in the United States as of the date of publication. IBM may not make these offerings available in other countries, and the information is subject to change without notice. Consult your local IBM business contact for information on the IBM offerings available in your area. Information in this document concerning non-IBM products was obtained from the suppliers of these products or other public sources. Questions on the capabilities of non-IBM products should be addressed to the suppliers of those products. IBM may have patents or pending patent applications covering subject matter in this document. The furnishing of this document does not give you any license to these patents. Send license inquires, in writing, to IBM Director of Licensing, IBM Corporation, New Castle Drive, Armonk, NY 10504-1785 USA. All statements regarding IBM future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only. The information contained in this document has not been submitted to any formal IBM test and is provided "AS IS" with no warranties or guarantees either expressed or implied. All examples cited or described in this document are presented as illustrations of the manner in which some IBM products can be used and the results that may be achieved. Actual environmental costs and performance characteristics will vary depending on individual client configurations and conditions. IBM Global Financing offerings are provided through IBM Credit Corporation in the United States and other IBM subsidiaries and divisions worldwide to qualified commercial and government clients. Rates are based on a client's credit rating, financing terms, offering type, equipment type and options, and may vary by country. Other restrictions may apply. Rates and offerings are subject to change, extension or withdrawal without notice. IBM is not responsible for printing errors in this document that result in pricing or information inaccuracies. All prices shown are IBM's United States suggested list prices and are subject to change without notice; reseller prices may vary. IBM hardware products are manufactured from new parts, or new and serviceable used parts. Regardless, our warranty terms apply. Any performance data contained in this document was determined in a controlled environment. Actual results may vary significantly and are dependent on many factors including system hardware configuration and software design and configuration. Some measurements quoted in this document may have been made on development-level systems. There is no guarantee these measurements will be the same on generally- available systems. Some measurements quoted in this document may have been estimated through extrapolation. Users of this document should verify the applicable data for their specific environment. Revised September 26, 2006 57 © 2012 IBM Corporation IBM Power Systems Special notices (cont.) IBM, the IBM logo, ibm.com AIX, AIX (logo), AIX 5L, AIX 6 (logo), AS/400, BladeCenter, Blue Gene, ClusterProven, DB2, ESCON, i5/OS, i5/OS (logo), IBM Business Partner (logo), IntelliStation, LoadLeveler, Lotus, Lotus Notes, Notes, Operating System/400, OS/400, PartnerLink, PartnerWorld, PowerPC, pSeries, Rational, RISC System/6000, RS/6000, THINK, Tivoli, Tivoli (logo), Tivoli Management Environment, WebSphere, xSeries, z/OS, zSeries, Active Memory, Balanced Warehouse, CacheFlow, Cool Blue, IBM Systems Director VMControl, pureScale, TurboCore, Chiphopper, Cloudscape, DB2 Universal Database, DS4000, DS6000, DS8000, EnergyScale, Enterprise Workload Manager, General Parallel File System, , GPFS, HACMP, HACMP/6000, HASM, IBM Systems Director Active Energy Manager, iSeries, Micro-Partitioning, POWER, PowerExecutive, PowerVM, PowerVM (logo), PowerHA, Power Architecture, Power Everywhere, Power Family, POWER Hypervisor, Power Systems, Power Systems (logo), Power Systems Software, Power Systems Software (logo), POWER2, POWER3, POWER4, POWER4+, POWER5, POWER5+, POWER6, POWER6+, POWER7, System i, System p, System p5, System Storage, System z, TME 10, Workload Partitions Manager and X-Architecture are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. If these and other IBM trademarked terms are marked on their first occurrence in this information with a trademark symbol (® or ™), these symbols indicate U.S. registered or common law trademarks owned by IBM at the time this information was published. Such trademarks may also be registered or common law trademarks in other countries. A full list of U.S. trademarks owned by IBM may be found at: http://www.ibm.com/legal/copytrade.shtml. Adobe, the Adobe logo, PostScript, and the PostScript logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States, and/or other countries. AltiVec is a trademark of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. AMD Opteron is a trademark of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. InfiniBand, InfiniBand Trade Association and the InfiniBand design marks are trademarks and/or service marks of the InfiniBand Trade Association. Intel, Intel logo, Intel Inside, Intel Inside logo, Intel Centrino, Intel Centrino logo, Celeron, Intel Xeon, Intel SpeedStep, Itanium, and Pentium are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. IT Infrastructure Library is a registered trademark of the Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency which is now part of the Office of Government Commerce. Java and all Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Linear Tape-Open, LTO, the LTO Logo, Ultrium, and the Ultrium logo are trademarks of HP, IBM Corp. and Quantum in the U.S. and other countries. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries or both. Microsoft, Windows and the Windows logo are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries or both. NetBench is a registered trademark of Ziff Davis Media in the United States, other countries or both. SPECint, SPECfp, SPECjbb, SPECweb, SPECjAppServer, SPEC OMP, SPECviewperf, SPECapc, SPEChpc, SPECjvm, SPECmail, SPECimap and SPECsfs are trademarks of the Standard Performance Evaluation Corp (SPEC). The Power Architecture and Power.org wordmarks and the Power and Power.org logos and related marks are trademarks and service marks licensed by Power.org. TPC-C and TPC-H are trademarks of the Transaction Performance Processing Council (TPPC). UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States, other countries or both. Other company, product and service names may be trademarks or service marks of others. Revised December 2, 2010 58 © 2012 IBM Corporation 29
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IBM Power Systems Notes
on benchmarks and values The IBM benchmarks results shown herein were derived using particular, well configured, development-level and generally-available computer systems. Buyers should consult other sources of information to evaluate the performance of systems they are considering buying and should consider conducting application oriented testing. For additional information about the benchmarks, values and systems tested, contact your local IBM office or IBM authorized reseller or access the Web site of the benchmark consortium or benchmark vendor. IBM benchmark results can be found in the IBM Power Systems Performance Report at http://www.ibm.com/systems/p/hardware/system_perf.html . All performance measurements were made with AIX or AIX 5L operating systems unless otherwise indicated to have used Linux. For new and upgraded systems, the latest versions of AIX were used. All other systems used previous versions of AIX. The SPEC CPU2006, LINPACK, and Technical Computing benchmarks were compiled using IBM's high performance C, C++, and FORTRAN compilers for AIX 5L and Linux. For new and upgraded systems, the latest versions of these compilers were used: XL C for AIX v11.1, XL C/C++ for AIX v11.1, XL FORTRAN for AIX v13.1, XL C/C++ for Linux v11.1, and XL FORTRAN for Linux v13.1. For a definition/explanation of each benchmark and the full list of detailed results, visit the Web site of the benchmark consortium or benchmark vendor. TPC http://www.tpc.org SPEC http://www.spec.org LINPACK http://www.netlib.org/benchmark/performance.pdf Pro/E http://www.proe.com GPC http://www.spec.org/gpc VolanoMark http://www.volano.com STREAM http://www.cs.virginia.edu/stream/ SAP http://www.sap.com/benchmark/ Oracle, Siebel, PeopleSoft http://www.oracle.com/apps_benchmark/ Baan http://www.ssaglobal.com Fluent http://www.fluent.com/software/fluent/index.htm TOP500 Supercomputers http://www.top500.org/ Ideas International http://www.ideasinternational.com/benchmark/bench.html Storage Performance Council http://www.storageperformance.org/results Revised December 2, 2010 59 © 2012 IBM Corporation IBM Power Systems Notes on HPC benchmarks and values The IBM benchmarks results shown herein were derived using particular, well configured, development-level and generally-available computer systems. Buyers should consult other sources of information to evaluate the performance of systems they are considering buying and should consider conducting application oriented testing. For additional information about the benchmarks, values and systems tested, contact your local IBM office or IBM authorized reseller or access the Web site of the benchmark consortium or benchmark vendor. IBM benchmark results can be found in the IBM Power Systems Performance Report at http://www.ibm.com/systems/p/hardware/system_perf.html . All performance measurements were made with AIX or AIX 5L operating systems unless otherwise indicated to have used Linux. For new and upgraded systems, the latest versions of AIX were used. All other systems used previous versions of AIX. The SPEC CPU2006, LINPACK, and Technical Computing benchmarks were compiled using IBM's high performance C, C++, and FORTRAN compilers for AIX 5L and Linux. For new and upgraded systems, the latest versions of these compilers were used: XL C for AIX v11.1, XL C/C++ for AIX v11.1, XL FORTRAN for AIX v13.1, XL C/C++ for Linux v11.1, and XL FORTRAN for Linux v13.1. Linpack HPC (Highly Parallel Computing) used the current versions of the IBM Engineering and Scientific Subroutine Library (ESSL). For Power7 systems, IBM Engineering and Scientific Subroutine Library (ESSL) for AIX Version 5.1 and IBM Engineering and Scientific Subroutine Library (ESSL) for Linux Version 5.1 were used. For a definition/explanation of each benchmark and the full list of detailed results, visit the Web site of the benchmark consortium or benchmark vendor. SPEC http://www.spec.org LINPACK http://www.netlib.org/benchmark/performance.pdf Pro/E http://www.proe.com GPC http://www.spec.org/gpc STREAM http://www.cs.virginia.edu/stream/ Fluent http://www.fluent.com/software/fluent/index.htm TOP500 Supercomputers http://www.top500.org/ AMBER http://amber.scripps.edu/ FLUENT http://www.fluent.com/software/fluent/fl5bench/index.htm GAMESS http://www.msg.chem.iastate.edu/gamess GAUSSIAN http://www.gaussian.com ANSYS http://www.ansys.com/services/hardware-support-db.htm Click on the "Benchmarks" icon on the left hand side frame to expand. Click on "Benchmark Results in a Table" icon for benchmark results. ABAQUS http://www.simulia.com/support/v68/v68_performance.php ECLIPSE http://www.sis.slb.com/content/software/simulation/index.asp?seg=geoquest& MM5 http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/mm5/ MSC.NASTRAN http://www.mscsoftware.com/support/prod%5Fsupport/nastran/performance/v04_sngl.cfm STAR-CD www.cd-adapco.com/products/STAR-CD/performance/320/index/html NAMD http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/namd HMMER http://hmmer.janelia.org/ Revised December 2, 2010 http://powerdev.osuosl.org/project/hmmerAltivecGen2mod 60 © 2012 IBM Corporation 30
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IBM Power Systems Notes
on performance estimates rPerf for AIX rPerf (Relative Performance) is an estimate of commercial processing performance relative to other IBM UNIX systems. It is derived from an IBM analytical model which uses characteristics from IBM internal workloads, TPC and SPEC benchmarks. The rPerf model is not intended to represent any specific public benchmark results and should not be reasonably used in that way. The model simulates some of the system operations such as CPU, cache and memory. However, the model does not simulate disk or network I/O operations. rPerf estimates are calculated based on systems with the latest levels of AIX and other pertinent software at the time of system announcement. Actual performance will vary based on application and configuration specifics. The IBM eServer pSeries 640 is the baseline reference system and has a value of 1.0. Although rPerf may be used to approximate relative IBM UNIX commercial processing performance, actual system performance may vary and is dependent upon many factors including system hardware configuration and software design and configuration. Note that the rPerf methodology used for the POWER6 systems is identical to that used for the POWER5 systems. Variations in incremental system performance may be observed in commercial workloads due to changes in the underlying system architecture. All performance estimates are provided "AS IS" and no warranties or guarantees are expressed or implied by IBM. Buyers should consult other sources of information, including system benchmarks, and application sizing guides to evaluate the performance of a system they are considering buying. For additional information about rPerf, contact your local IBM office or IBM authorized reseller. ======================================================================== CPW for IBM i Commercial Processing Workload (CPW) is a relative measure of performance of processors running the IBM i operating system. Performance in customer environments may vary. The value is based on maximum configurations. More performance information is available in the Performance Capabilities Reference at: www.ibm.com/systems/i/solutions/perfmgmt/resource.html Revised April 2, 2007 61 © 2012 IBM Corporation IBM Power Systems Trademarks The following are trademarks of the International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. Not all common law marks used by IBM are listed on this page. Failure of a mark to appear does not mean that IBM does not use the mark nor does it mean that the product is not actively marketed or is not significant within its relevant market. Those trademarks followed by ® are registered trademarks of IBM in the United States; all others are trademarks or common law marks of IBM in the United States. For a complete list of IBM Trademarks, see www.ibm.com/legal/copytrade.shtml: *, AS/400®, e business(logo)®, DBE, ESCO, eServer, FICON, IBM®, IBM (logo)®, iSeries®, MVS, OS/390®, pSeries®, RS/6000®, S/30, VM/ESA®, VSE/ESA, WebSphere®, xSeries®, z/OS®, zSeries®, z/VM®, System i, System i5, System p, System p5, System x, System z, System z9®, BladeCenter® The following are trademarks or registered trademarks of other companies. Adobe, the Adobe logo, PostScript, and the PostScript logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States, and/or other countries. Cell Broadband Engine is a trademark of Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. in the United States, other countries, or both and is used under license therefrom. Java and all Java-based trademarks are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States, other countries, or both. Microsoft, Windows, Windows NT, and the Windows logo are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. Intel, Intel logo, Intel Inside, Intel Inside logo, Intel Centrino, Intel Centrino logo, Celeron, Intel Xeon, Intel SpeedStep, Itanium, and Pentium are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries, or both. ITIL is a registered trademark, and a registered community trademark of the Office of Government Commerce, and is registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. IT Infrastructure Library is a registered trademark of the Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency, which is now part of the Office of Government Commerce. * All other products may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Notes: Performance is in Internal Throughput Rate (ITR) ratio based on measurements and projections using standard IBM benchmarks in a controlled environment. The actual throughput that any user will experience will vary depending upon considerations such as the amount of multiprogramming in the user's job stream, the I/O configuration, the storage configuration, and the workload processed. Therefore, no assurance can be given that an individual user will achieve throughput improvements equivalent to the performance ratios stated here. IBM hardware products are manufactured from new parts, or new and serviceable used parts. Regardless, our warranty terms apply. All customer examples cited or described in this presentation are presented as illustrations of the manner in which some customers have used IBM products and the results they may have achieved. Actual environmental costs and performance characteristics will vary depending on individual customer configurations and conditions. This publication was produced in the United States. IBM may not offer the products, services or features discussed in this document in other countries, and the information may be subject to change without notice. Consult your local IBM business contact for information on the product or services available in your area. All statements regarding IBM's future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only. Information about non-IBM products is obtained from the manufacturers of those products or their published announcements. IBM has not tested those products and cannot confirm the performance, compatibility, or any other claims related to non-IBM products. Questions on the capabilities of non-IBM products should be addressed to the suppliers of those products. Prices subject to change without notice. Contact your IBM representative or Business Partner for the most current pricing in your geography. 62 62 © 2012 IBM Corporation 31
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