1. The MMR Vaccine by Lori Klongtruatroke Reisa Mohamed Andrew Reiter Marlylee Scudero Elaine Snyder

7. What is a Vaccine? The First Vaccine (Smallpox) was created by Edward Jenner by method of taking a weaker form of a virus and injecting it into a none infected child, who then developed immunity to the stronger form of the same virus. Today many viruses are used under the same theory as Jenner. A Vaccine is an antigen introduced to a none infected host for the purpose of creating antibodies. (vaccine, 2003) Pict: http://www.1st-art-gallery.com/thumbnail/223903/1/Edward-Jenner-1749-1823-Performing-The-First-Vaccination-Against-Smallpox-In-1796-1879.jpg)

9. Atenuvax for Measles Measles vaccine is attenuated meaning it is “weakened” but still a living virus. This is done by “Cell culture adaption” Naturally the measles virus grows in the cells of tissue that lines the back off the throat, lungs, heart and skin. This allows for a strong virus that may be easily transmitted from host to host. (chop, 2010) Antigens grown by means of cell adaption Virulence is down graded from 1000x replication to 20x - 20 replications gives the body enough exposure to make antibodies for a life times worth of protection. (chop, 2010) In 1962 Four million people were diagnosed with measles resulting in three thousand deaths. Between 1953 and 1964 the measles averaged 450 mortalities a year. (CDC,2010)

11. Meruvax II for Rubella Meruvax II for Rubella is also attenuated by process of cell cultured Adaption The rubella virus replicates naturally at full strength in the human epithelial cells that line the back of the throat, and easily spread with a cough from one host to the next. Rubella was 1 st taken at full strength live viruses from and then replicated in a Medium that consists of human embryonic fibroblast cells. This process was first used in England circa 1960. (chop, 2010) The rubella vaccine is week enough that an estimated 1000 first term pregnant woman were mistakenly injected with vaccine and there were no reported birth defects in full term babies vs. of 1000 woman who acquired the virus and were not vaccinated, 847 cases reported birth defects.

12. Rubella continued 1964 – 65 rubella epidemic resulted in 20,000 infants born with (CRS) on genital rubella syndrome. In as a result there were - 2,100 neonatal deaths - 11,250 miscarriages - 3,580 blind - 1,800 mentally retarded 2000 – only 6 reported cases of CRS (cdc, 2010)