By Blessy Ann Ayco

1. Educational systems of
Argentina and Brazil
Blessy Ann L. Ayco
MA in Education
Course: Comparative Education (ED 210)
Professor: Dr. Erlinda A. Ganapin
PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY – GRADUATE SCHOOL
SUMMER 2018

2. OBJECTIVES
1 Present the demographic profiles of Argentina and Brazil
2 Compare the educational systems of Argentina and Brazil
3
Identify problems encountered in education of
Argentina and Brazil

3. Demographic profile
Argentina
Brazil

4. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
Capital: Buenos Aires
Language: Spanish
Government: Presidential
Republic
Land Area: 2,780,400 sq km
Population: 43,886,748
Density: 16.04/km2
Student Population: 14 M
GDP: 1.796 trillion USD
Literacy Rate: 98.1%
Capital: Brasília
Language: Portuguese
Government: Federal Presidential
Republic
Land Area: 8,515,770 sq km
Population: 205,823,665
Density: 24.63/km2
Student Population: 60 M
GDP: 545.9 billion USD
Literacy Rate: 92.6%
ARGENTINA BRAZIL

5. HISTORY OF EDUCATION (ARGENTINA)
• There was no effective education plan until President Domingo
Sarmiento (1868–1874) placed emphasis on bringing Argentina up-to-date
with practices in developed countries.
• The first national laws mandating universal, compulsory, free and secular
education (Law 1420 of Common Education) were sanctioned in 1884
during the administration of President Julio Roca.
• Following the University Reform of 1918, Argentine education, especially
at university level, became more independent of the government, as well
as the influential Catholic Church.

6. HISTORY OF EDUCATION (ARGENTINA)
• During the administration Juan Perón in 1947, catechism was
reintroduced in public schools, and parochial institutions began
again receiving subsidies.
• Aramburu's Law 6403 of 1955, which advanced private education
generally, and parochial, or more often, Catholic-run schools

7. HISTORY OF EDUCATION (BRAZIL)
• In the 6th century, the Jesuits arrived and educated the indigenous
people through the teachings of Christianity. For the next 210 years
they were responsible for the entire education system.
• In 1759, Marquis of Pombal, Portugal’s minister, expelled Jesuits
from Brazil. His interest conflicted with the Christian education. He
emphasized the agriculture production, which led to the stagnation
of education.

8. HISTORY OF EDUCATION (BRAZIL)
• In 1808, education began to move again under the rule of King Joao IV
focusing on higher education neglecting the needs of primary education.
• In 1822, after their independence, primary education became a human
right.
• The first official university was found in 1920. The following decades
acknowledge the process of urbanization and industrialization. Also,
primary education was given importance.

9. GOVERNMENT FUND IN EDUCATION
BUDGET: 5.36% of GDP
Total Government Expenditure: 13.97%
Government Expenditure Per Student
(1) Primary Education: $2864.36
(2) Secondary Education: $4246.54
(3) Tertiary Education: $3242.75
ARGENTINA BRAZIL
BUDGET: 5.95% of GDP
Total Government Expenditure: 15.72%
Government Expenditure Per Student
(1) Primary Education: $3171.93
(2) Secondary Education: $3499
(3) Tertiary Education: $4696.5

10. STRUCTURE OF SCHOOLING
Compulsory education lasts 12 years from age 6
to age 17 (Source: UNESCO)
Mandatory for those between the ages of 6
and 17
ARGENTINA BRAZIL

11. CURRICULA
ARGENTINA BRAZIL
• Preprimary School
 Aims to prepare the child physically,
spiritually, and morally. Also, they introduce
language skills, arithmetic, writing and
reading as well as religion.
• Primary Education: (9 years)
 Social Sciences, Natural Sciences, Arts,
Sport, Design, etc
• Preschool (Educação Infantile)
 aims to assist in all areas of child
development, including motor skills,
cognitive skills, and social skills while
providing fertile ground for the later
acquisition of knowledge and learning
• Primary Education: (9 years)
Ensino Fundamental I
 Portuguese, History, Geography,
Mathematics, Science and Physical Education
Ensino Fundamental II
 Extended by one or two foreign languages,
predominantly Spanish and English

12. CURRICULA
ARGENTINA BRAZIL
• Secondary Education
Ciclo Básico (3 years)
 Subjects are given in the fields of Language,
Mathematics, Natural Sciences, Social
Sciences, Physical Education, Social Studies,
Art and Technical Education
Ciclo Orientado (3 years)
 Students can focus their studies on specific
fields such as Humanities and Social Sciences,
Communication, Art and Design, Economics
and Business Studies
 An additional year is offered (for Technical-
Professional schools)
• Secondary Education (Ensino Médio)
 at least one foreign language, Philosophy,
Sociology, Portuguese, Geography, History,
Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics, Art
And Physical Education.

13. CURRICULA
ARGENTINA BRAZIL
• Vocational Education (Escuelas
Técnicas)
A type of secondary education
provided by institutions of
professional education which lasts
for 6 - 7 years
• Vocational Education (Educação
Profissional Técnica de Nível Médio)
Includes general subjects such as
well as specialized vocational
subjects
Lasts for 1-3 or 4 years

14. CURRICULA
ARGENTINA BRAZIL
• Adult Education
Secondary education for people over
18 years old
2 or 3 years of intensive program of
study
• Adult Education
The minimum age for entrance
into adult school is 18 for the
elementary level and 21 years of
age for the secondary level

15. CURRICULA
ARGENTINA BRAZIL
• Higher Education
 Tertiary Education level: 1- to 3-years
degrees related to education or technical
professions like Teachers, Professorship,
Technicians
 University level: 4- to 6-years Professional
education such as Licentiate, Engineer's
degree, Medic Title, Attorney Title,
 Post-graduate level: this is a specialized
and research-oriented education level.
• Adult Education
Undergraduate
 Bacharelado: requires four years of post-
secondary studies at a certified university in
the fields of arts, humanities, social
sciences, mathematical sciences, or natural
sciences.
 Licenciatura: Students who wish to qualify
as secondary school teachers

16. GRADING SYSTEM (ARGENTINA)
Grade Scale Grade Description US Grade
A 9.00 - 10.00
Sobresaliente
(Outstanding)
A
A- 8.00 - 8.99
Distinguido (Very
Good)
A-
B+ 7.00 - 7.99 Bueno (Good) B+
B 6.00 - 6.99 Bueno (Average) B
C 4.00 - 5.99 Aprobado (Pass) C
F 0.00 - 3.99
Insuficiente
(Insufficient)
F
Most Common

17. GRADING SYSTEM (ARGENTINA)
Tertiary
Scale Grade Description US Grade
10.00
Sobresaliente
(Outstanding)
A+
9.00 - 9.99 Distinguido (Very Good) A
8.00 - 8.99 A-
7.00 - 7.99 Bueno (Good) B+
6.00 - 6.99 B
5.00 - 5.99 Aprobado (Pass) B-
4.00 - 4.99 C
2.00 - 3.99 Insuficiente (Insufficient) F
0.00 - 1.99 Reprobado (Fail) F

18. GRADING SYSTEM (BRAZIL)
Most Common
Grade Scale Scale 2
Grade
Description
US Grade
A 9.00 - 10.00 90.00 - 100.00
Excelente
(Exellent)
A
B 7.00 - 8.99 70.00 - 89.99 Bom (Good) B
C 5.00 - 6.99 50.00 - 69.99
Aceptable
(Average)
C
D 3.00 - 4.99 30.00 - 49.99
Suficiente
(Sufficient)
D
F 0.00 - 2.99 0.00 - 29.99 Deficiente (Fail) F

19. GRADING SYSTEM (BRAZIL)
Grade Grade Description US Grade
E Excelente (Exellent) A
MB Muito Bom (Very Good) A-
B Bom (Good) B
S Aceptable (Average) C
R Aceptable (Average) C
I Deficiente (Fail) F
D Deficiente (Fail) F
Letter Grade

20. GRADING SYSTEM (BRAZIL)
Double Letter Grade
Grade Scale Grade Description US Grade Notes
SS 9.00 - 10.00 Superior (Superior) A
MS 7.00 - 8.99 Médio Superior (Medium Superior) B
MM 5.00 - 6.99 Médio (Medium) C
CC Crédito Concedido (Credit Granted) P
a standard of "C" or
above on the U.S.
scale
MI 3.00 - 4.99 Médio Inferior (Medium Inferior) F Fail
II 0.00 - 2.99 Inferior (Inferior) F Fail
SR Sem Rendimento (Fail) Fail or no grade

21. SCHOOL HOURS/Academic year
ARGENTINA BRAZIL
• The Argentine school year starts in
March and finishes in December.
• Classes are taught in Spanish from
Monday through Friday, 7:15AM -5PM.
• Most schools divide their academic day
into three sessions; between 07:00 am
and 12:00 nn, 12:00 nn and 5:00 pm,
and 5:00 pm and 10:00 pm. A child will
only attend one session per school day.
• The school year usually starts in early
February and is split into 2 semesters.
This first term of the school year runs
till the June end and the second term
starts at the beginning of August which
ends in early December.

22. TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAM
ARGENTINA BRAZIL
• Basic requirement is completion of a
five-year normal school
• Additional two years are required for
teaching in kindergarten
• Additional four years at secondary
teacher-training schools qualify a
person for teaching at the secondary
level
• Teacher training can be obtained from
vocational schools
• Courses includes a supervised
internship and need 300 hours of
teaching practice
• To teach secondary schools, most
teaching students need higher
education to obtain either a master’s
or doctorate’s

23. Salary of teachers
ARGENTINA BRAZIL
$27,362 $35,739

24. TEACHER – STUDENT RATIO
ARGENTINA BRAZIL
1:19 1:23

25. Challenges in education
ARGENTINA BRAZIL
• Inclusion of the new trends and the
use of ITs in the classroom
• Training in the new ITs
• Low percentage of high school
students who enroll in university
• Brazil underperforms
• Low-income students also have the
lowest rates for completing school
• Enrolment in upper secondary
education is low and, of those who
enter, only half complete the
allocated three years.

26. CONCLUSIONS
It is highly observable that the education systems of Argentina
and Brazil are very similar to one another in terms of structure of
schooling, government’s budget of allocation, etc. This might because of
their geographical locations and historical backgrounds.
Despite having high literacy rates, both countries’ education
failed to perform well, as there is a low rate of students who enroll in
upper secondary education and higher education due to financial crisis.

27. References
• Argentina: Education and Literacy (n.d.). In UNESCO. Retrieved May 17, 2018, from
http://uis.unesco.org/en/country/ar?theme=education-and-literacy
• Argentina - Teaching Profession (n.d.). In State University. Retrieved May 21, 2018,
from http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/61/Argentina -TEACHING
-PROFESSION.html
• Brazil: Education and Literacy (n.d.). In UNESCO. Retrieved May 20, 2018, from
http://uis.unesco.org/country/BR
• Education in Brazil (n.d.). In Study Country. Retrieved May 19, 2018, from
http://www.studycountry.com/guide/BR-education.htm
• Education in Brazil (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved May 19, 2018, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Brazil
• Education in Argentina (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved May 21, 2018, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Argentina
• Stanek, C. (2013). The Educational System of Brazil. IEM Spotlight, 10(1), 2,
Retrieved from https://www.nafsa.org/uploadedFiles/Chez_NAFSA/
Resource/Library_Assets/Networks/ACE/EDU%20Systems%20Brazil.pdf

28. FIN.
Thank you 