Land art, also known as earthworks, is a type of art created in natural and man-made landscapes. Pioneered in the late 1960s, land art uses materials found in nature such as soil, rocks, plants, and water to create large-scale outdoor sculptures and designs. Some notable land artists include Robert Smithson, Michael Heizer, Nancy Holt, Walter De Maria, and Christo and Jeanne-Claude whose works transformed and recontextualized the natural environment.
