Engitec - Minicurso de Django

Framework web para perfeccionistas
com prazos

Desenvolvedor há 5 anos
Visual Basic, Java e ASP
Python há 1 ano e meio

Django é um framework
web de alto nível que foca
no desenvolvimento
rápido, limpo e design
pragmático.

Documentação
http://django.me/design

Adrian Holovaty
@adrianholovaty

Mapeamento Objeto
Relacional ORM

Geração de Formulários
Forms e ModelForms

Interface Administrativa
Django Admin

Internacionalização e
Localização
i18n e i10n

Desenvolvimento em
Camadas
MVC vs MTV

Desenvolvimento guiado à
Testes
TDD

Reusabilidade
Don't Repeat Yourself

Auth

Sites

Messages

Sitemap

Cache

Syndication (Feed)

Staticfiles

Markup

Logging

GeoDjango (Postgis)

Localflavors

Security

Sistema de votações da
Engitec
engipolls

Sistema de Votações

●

●

O participante poderá votar nas palestras e
minicursos do evento, e deixar o seu
comentário;
Não é preciso login;

Sistema de Votações
●

A forma de votação será com três alternativas:
–
–

Legal;

–

●

Muito bom;
Ruim.

Gerenciar o resultado das votações.

Ferramentas
Python 2.7
Django 1.4
Distribute
Pip & Virtualenv
dj-database-url
Unipath

Distribute

$ wget http://pythondistribute.org/distribute_setup.py
$ sudo python distribute_setup.py

Pip & Virtualenv

$ sudo easy_install pip virtualenv

Criando o ambiente

$ virtualenv --distribute --unzip-setuptools
engipolls

Ativando o ambiente

$ cd engipolls
$ source bin/activate

Unipath

$ pip install unipath==0.2.1

Django

$ pip install django==1.4.1

Criando Projeto

$ django-admin.py startproject src

engipolls/
src/
manage.py
src/
__init__.py
settings.py
urls.py

Organizando Projeto
$ cd engipolls
$ mv src/manage.py .
$ mv src/src/* src
$ rmdir src/src

engipolls/
manage.py
src/
__init__.py
settings.py
urls.py

Criando caminhos relativos

# src/settings.py
from unipath import Path
PROJECT_DIR = Path(__file__).parent

dj-database-url

$ pip install dj-database-url==0.2.1

Banco de Dados
import dj_database_url
DATABASES = {
'default': dj_database_url.config(
default='sqlite:///' +
PROJECT_DIR.child('engipolls.db'))
}

syncdb

$ python manage.py syncdb

Creating tables ...
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group_permissions
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user_user_permissions
Creating table auth_user_groups
Creating table auth_user
Creating table django_content_type
Creating table django_session
Creating table django_site

You just installed Django's auth system, which
means you don't have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes
Username (leave blank to use 'gilson'): admin
E-mail address: contato@gilsondev.com
Password:
Password (again):
Superuser created successfully.
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 0 object(s) from 0 fixture(s)

$ python manage.py startapp talks
$ mv talks src/

src/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = (
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.sites',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
# Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
# 'django.contrib.admin',
# Uncomment the next line to enable admin
documentation:
# 'django.contrib.admindocs',
'src.talks',

talks/tests.py
# -*- coding: utf8 -*from django.test import TestCase
class TalkUrlTest(TestCase):
def test_get_talk_form(self):
'''Retorna status 200 da lista de
palestras'''
response = self.client.get('/')
self.assertEquals(response.status_code,
200)

E
===========================================================
===========
ERROR: test_get_talk_form (src.talks.tests.TalkUrlTest)
Retorna status 200 da lista de palestras
--------------------------------------------------------------------...
template, origin = find_template(template_name)
File
"/home/gilson/Projects/engipolls/local/lib/python2.7/sitepackages/django/template/loader.py", line 138, in
find_template
raise TemplateDoesNotExist(name)
TemplateDoesNotExist: 404.html
-----------------------------------------------------------

Templates: 404 e 500.html

$ mkdir src/templates
$ touch src/templates/{404,500}.html

src/setttings.py

TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
PROJECT_DIR.child('templates'),
)

Creating test database for alias 'default'...
F
===========================================================
===========
FAIL: test_get_talk_form (src.talks.tests.TalkUrlTest)
--------------------------------------------------------------------...
File
"/home/gilson/Projects/engipolls/src/talks/tests.py", line
10, in test_get_talk_form
self.assertEquals(response.status_code, 200)
AssertionError: 404 != 200
---------------------------------------------------------------------

page.php
script.cgi?pageid=144
StoryPage.aspx
0,2097,1-1-30-72-707-4027,00.html

/products/new/
/products/1/details/
/about/

src/urls.py

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
urlpatterns = patterns('',
url(r'^$', 'src.talks.views.home', name='home'),
)

$ python manage.py test talks
E
===========================================================
===========
--------------------------------------------------------------------...
ViewDoesNotExist: Could not import src.talks.views.home.
View does not exist in module src.talks.views.
--------------------------------------------------------------------Ran 1 test in 0.026s

Fluxo HTTP
●

●

GET
/

●

ROOT_URLCONF

●

src.urls

●

url(r'^$',

●

home(request)

'src.talks.views.home')

Documentação
http://django.me/urls

talks/views.py
# -*- coding: utf8 -*from django.http import HttpResponse
def home(request):
return HttpResponse()

$ python manage.py tests talks
.
--------------------------------------------------------------------Ran 1 test in 0.014s

# -*- coding: utf8 -*-

talks/tests.py

from django.test import TestCase
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse

palestras'''
response =
self.client.get(reverse('home'))
self.assertEquals(response.status_code,

.
--------------------------------------------------------------------Ran 1 test in 0.014s

# -*- coding: utf8 -*-

talks/tests.py

from django.test import TestCase
def setUp(self):
self.resp = self.client.get(reverse('home'))
palestras'''
self.assertEquals(self.resp.status_code,
200)

talks/tests.py
# -*- coding: utf8 -*from django.test import TestCase
# ...
def test_template(self):
'''Renderiza template para enviar na resposta'''
self.assertTemplateUsed(self.resp,
'talks/talks_list.html')

.F
===========================================================
===========
FAIL: test_template (src.talks.tests.TalkUrlTest)
Usa o template talks/talks_list.html
--------------------------------------------------------------------...
File
"/home/gilson/Projects/engipolls/local/lib/python2.7/sitepackages/django/test/testcases.py", line 741, in
assertTemplateUsed
self.fail(msg_prefix + "No templates used to render the
response")
AssertionError: No templates used to render the response
-----------------------------------------------------------

# -*- coding: utf8 -*from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.template import loader, Context

def home(request):
t =
loader.get_template('talks/talks_list.html')
c = Context()
content = t.render(c)
return HttpResponse(content)

EE
===========================================================
===========
---------------------------------------------------------------------...
TemplateDoesNotExist: talks/talks_list.html
===========================================================
===========
ERROR: test_template (src.talks.tests.TalkUrlTest)
Renderiza template para enviar na resposta
--------------------------------------------------------------------...
TemplateDoesNotExist: talks/talks_list.html
-----------------------------------------------------------

Django Templates
Carregando templates

src/settings.py
TEMPLATE_LOADERS = (
'django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader',
'django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader'
,
#
)

'django.template.loaders.eggs.Loader',

app_directories.Loader

# crie a pasta templates e subpasta talks na
aplicação
$ mkdir -p src/talks/templates/talks
$ touch
src/talks/templates/talks/talks_list.html

..
--------------------------------------------------------------------Ran 2 tests in 0.025s

Exemplo de Model

class Talk(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
resume = models.TextField()
at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
talker = models.TextField(max_length=80)

Agora é só fazer
mas criar o teste, é claro!

import datetime
# …
from .models import Talk
class TalkModelTest(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.talk = Talk.objects.create(
name=u”O que é Python?”,
resume=u”Palestra sobre Python”,
at=datetime.datetime.now(),
talker=”Guido Van Rossum”
)
def test_create(self):
'''Registra a palestra corretamente'''
self.assertEquals(self.talk.pk, 1)

Traceback (most recent call last):
...
File
"/home/gilson/Projects/engipolls/src/talks/tests.py", line
7, in <module>
ImportError: cannot import name Talk

talks/models.py


...
--------------------------------------------------------------------Ran 3 tests in 0.027s

# -*- coding: utf8 -*import datetime
# …
# ...
def test_unicode(self):
'''É usado para a representação do objeto'''
self.assertEquals(
u'Palestra: O que é Python?',
unicode(self.talk))

.F..
===========================================================
===========
FAIL: test_unicode (src.talks.tests.TalkModelTest)
É usado para retornar a representação do objeto
--------------------------------------------------------------------...
AssertionError: u'Palestra: O que xe9 Python?' != u'Talk
object'
- Palestra: O que xe9 Python?
+ Talk object
--------------------------------------------------------------------Ran 4 tests in 0.047s

talks/models.py
def __unicode__(self):
return “Palestra: %s” % (self.name,)

....
--------------------------------------------------------------------Ran 4 tests in 0.030s

talks/models.py
# ...
class Meta:
verbose_name = u”Palestra”
db_table = “talks”
ordering = ['at,']

Minicurso
●

Dados para cadastro:
–

Nome do minicurso;

–

Resumo;

–

Hora do minicurso;

–

Palestrante.

talks/tests.py
def setUp(self):
self.talk = Talk.objects.create(
name=u”O que é Python?”,
resume=u”Palestra sobre Python”,
at=datetime.datetime.now(),
talker=”Guido Van Rossum”,
type_talk='P'
)
def test_create(self):
'''Registra a palestra corretamente'''
self.assertEquals(self.talk.pk, 1)

=============================================================
=========
ERROR: test_create (src.talks.tests.TalkModelTest)
Registra a palestra corretamente
--------------------------------------------------------------------...
TypeError: 'type_talk' is an invalid keyword argument for
this function
=============================================================
=========
ERROR: test_unicode (src.talks.tests.TalkModelTest)
É usado para retornar a representação do objeto
--------------------------------------------------------------------...
TypeError: 'type_talk' is an invalid keyword argument for


talks/models.py

TALK_CHOICES = (
('P', u'Palestra'),
('M', u'Minicurso'),
)
# ...
type_talk = models.CharField(max_length=1,
choices=TALK_CHOICES)
# ...
if self.type_talk == 'P':
elif self.type_talk == 'M':

....
--------------------------------------------------------------------Ran 4 tests in 0.033s

Atualizando banco
Creating tables ...
Creating table talks_talk

Votação
●

Dados para cadastro:
–

Palestra/Minicurso;

–

Tipo de votação (Muito bom, legal e ruim);

–

Comentários;

talks/models.py
class Poll(models.Model):
POLL_CHOICES = (
(u'B', u'Muito Bom'),
(u'L', u'Legal'),
(u'R', u'Ruim'),
)
talk = models.ForeignKey('Talk', max_length=100)
poll = models.CharField(max_length=1,
choices=POLL_CHOICES)
comments = models.TextField(max_length=180,
blank=True)

Documentação
http://django.me/models
http://django.me/metaoptions

Painel Administrativo
Django Admin

src/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = (
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.sites',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'django.contrib.admin',
)

src/urls.py
# ...
from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()
# ...
url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
)

Atualizando banco
Creating tables ...
Creating table django_admin_log

talks/admin.py
# -*- coding: utf8 -*from django.contrib import admin
admin.site.register(Talk)

$ python manage.py runserver
Validating models...
0 errors found
Django version 1.4.1, using settings
'src.settings'
Development server is running at
http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

src/settings.py

TIME_ZONE = 'America/Sao_Paulo'
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'pt-br'

talks/models.py
# …
from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _
TALK_CHOICES = (
('P', _(u'Palestra')),
('M', _(u'Minicurso')),
)
# ...

talks/models.py

# …

name = models.CharField(_(u'Nome da Sessão'),
max_length=100)
resume = models.TextField(_(u'Resumo'))
at = models.DateTimeField(_(u'Data da sessão'),
auto_now_add=True)
talker = models.TextField(_(u'Palestrante'),
max_length=80)
type_talk = models.CharField(_(u'Tipo da Sessão'),
max_length=1,
choices=TALK_CHOICES)

talks/admin.py
class TalkAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_filter = ['at', 'type_talk']
admin.site.register(Talk, TalkAdmin)

talks/admin.py
search_fields = ('name',)

talks/admin.py
list_display = ('name', 'at', 'type_talk',)
search_fields = ('name',)

Documentação
http://django.me/admin

talks/views.py
# -*- coding: utf8 -*from django.shortcuts import render
def home(request):
return render(request, 'talks/talks_list.html',
{})

talks/views.py
# -*- coding: utf8 -*from django.shortcuts import render
def home(request):
talks = Talk.objects.all()
return render(request, 'talks/talks_list.html',
{
'talks': talks,
})

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html lang="pt-BR">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Engipolls</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Lista de Palestras e Minicursos</h1>
{% for talk in talks %}
<h3>{{ talk.name }}</h3>
<p>{{ talk.resume }}</p>
<p>Horário: {{ talk.at|date:"d/M/Y" }}</p>
{% endfor %}
</body>
</html>

src/templates/base.html
<!DOCTYPE HTML>

<html lang="pt-BR">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Engipolls</title>
</head>
<body>
{% block content %}{% endblock content %}
</body>
</html>

talks_list.html
{% extends “base.html” %}
{% block content %}
<h1>Lista de Palestras e Minicursos</h1>
<p>Horário: {{ talk.at|date:"d/M/Y" }}</p>
{% endfor %}
{% endblock content %}

talks_list.html
<p>
Horário: {{ talk.at|date:"d/M/Y" }}
<a href=”#”>Votar agora</a>
</p>

Criando arquivo

$ touch src/talks/forms.py

talks/forms.py
# -*- coding: utf8 -*from django import forms

class TalkForm(forms.Form):
TALK_CHOICES = (
)
name = forms.CharField(label=u'Nome da Sessão')
resume = forms.CharField(label=u'Resumo', widget=forms.Textarea)
at = forms.DateTimeField(label=u'Data da Sessão')
talker = forms.CharField(label=u'Palestrante')
type_talk = forms.ChoiceField(label=u'Tipo de Sessão', choices=TALK_CHOICES)

talks/forms.py
class TalkForm(forms.Form):
TALK_CHOICES = (
)
name = forms.CharField(label=u'Nome da Sessão')
resume = forms.CharField(label=u'Resumo', widget=forms.Textarea)
at = forms.DateTimeField(label=u'Data da Sessão')
class Meta:
model = Talk

talks/forms.py
from .models import Poll
class PollForm(forms.Form):
class Meta:
model = Poll

talks/urls.py
# ...
url(r'^votacao/(?P<talk_id>[d]+)/$',
'src.talks.views.poll_form',
name='poll_form'),
)

talks/views.py
from .forms import PollForm
def poll_form(request, talk_id):
return render(request, 'talks/polls_form.html', {
'form': PollForm(),
})

templates/talks/polls_form.ht
ml
{% block content %}
<form action="." method="POST">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
<input type="submit" value="Salvar Votação" />
</form>

talks/forms.py
from .models import Poll
class PollForm(forms.Form):
class Meta:
model = Poll
exclude = ('talk',)

talks/views.py
# …
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
def poll_form(request, talk_id):
talk = get_object_or_404(Talk, pk=talk_id)
if request.method == 'POST':
form = PollForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
poll = form.save(commit=False)
poll.talk = talk
poll.save()
'form': PollForm(),
})

talks/views.py
# …
from django.shortcuts import redirect
if form.is_valid():
poll = form.save(commit=False)
poll.talk = talk
poll.save()
return redirect('/votacoes/sucesso')
'form': PollForm(),
})

talks_list.html
<p>
Horário: {{ talk.at|date:"d/M/Y" }}
<a href=”{% url poll_form %}”>Votar
agora</a>
</p>

talks/urls.py
# ...
url(r'^votacoes/sucesso/$',
'src.talks.views.success',
name='success'),
)

talks/views.py

# …
def success(request):
return render(request,
'talks/polls_success.html', {})

templates/talks/polls_success
.html
{% block content %}
<h2>Sua votação foi efetuada com sucesso!</h2>
<p>Continue com a votação <a href=”{% url home
%}”>aqui</a></p>

http://welcometothedjango.com.br

Desenvolvimento Ágil com Python e
Django

https://github.com/nathanborror/django-basic-ap

Obrigado!
contato@gilsondev.com
@gilsonfilho
blog.gilsondev.com
http://github.com/gilsondev

Engitec - Minicurso de Django

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