6. Building Resilience to Climate Change grants
Grants of between $15,000 - $80,000 are available to respond
to a previously identified climate change risk or vulnerability,
via:
- climate change risk assessment, meeting Australian standards; or
- a climate change vulnerability assessment (peer reviewed
methodology)
Round 2 focus on proposals that
- Address water supply or security
- Adapt priority infrastructure
Collaboration with councils,
regional organisations, researchers,
private sector is encouraged.
www.lgnsw.org.au/policy/climate-change/building-resilience
7. Adaptation Research Hub
$2.75 million leverage fund
generating $6 million in
collaborative research over 3
years in key research areas:
Biodiversity – Climate Futures
at Macquarie and CSIRO
Adaptive Communities –
Institute for Sustainable Futures
and CSIRO
Coastal processes and
responses – Sydney Institute for
Marine Science and ACCARNSI
9. 9
|
Social networks
A social network is a social structure made up of a set of
actors (such as individuals or organizations) and a set ties
between these actors
9 |
10. Benefits of Social Networks
More flexible than top-down
communication strategies.
Information is likely to be
trusted and accepted.
Information can spread
quickly (e.g. social media).
But, very limited evidence or
proof of their application.
12. • People / Entities are represented as nodes.
• Connections are represented as edges/lines.
Connections may be kin,
work, acquaintanceship,
friendship, co-authorship,
knowledge etc.
SNA Allows for analysis using
mathematical graph theory
12
14. Data Sources
Archival Data
Ethnographic / Interview Data
Historical Data (e.g., meeting minutes)
Survey Data
Social Media (e.g. Twitter feeds)
SNA Software (examples, many options)
UCINet
KeyPlayer
16. Describing the structure of social networks
Centrality - Density - Betweeness
Centrality:
How many ties a specific node has.
A high degree of centrality occurs when an
individual has considerably more ties with
other actors than other individuals within the
networks.
These ‘highly connected’ individuals are
important for the diffusion of information
throughout the network.1
6
|
17. Density (a measure of cohesion):
the number of links divided by the number of
nodes in the network.
density of a networks typically grows over
time, as individual actors increase their
interactions
networks exhibiting a high density may
contribute to the strengthening of trust
between individuals and/or groups and
thereby also increase the possibility for
social control
high density may also benefit the spread of
information throughout a network by
increasing the accessibility of information
18. Betweeness:
the extent to which each node contributes to minimizing the
distance between nodes within the network.
That is, this measure can be used to identify the actors that
contribute most to linking the network.
These actors are critical to ensure shared learnings and
cooperative action.
1
8
|
19. Adaptive Communities Node Case study
Aim
To look at the process by which science, policy
and communities interact by developing an
understanding of how formal networks of
stakeholders interact with informal networks to
convey information at the local scale.
Goal
To understand how decision-makers can better
engage with communities to improve to
acceptance and uptake of climate adaptation
policies/programs/strategies?
20. Shoalhaven Council
Encompasses 4,531km2 including
national parks, state forest,
bushland, beaches and lakes.
Population: 97, 694 people with a
density of 0.22 people per 0.01km2
(ABS, 2013).
Main sectors of employment are
manufacturing, government
(including Defence), retail and
tourism.
Rural land primarily dairy farming,
nurseries, and a growing number
of more intensive agricultural
activities.
Strong cultural history with links
to indigenous communities, the
Wodi Wodi and Wandandian
Aboriginal people.
2
0
|
21. Methods
Qualitative Social Network Analysis (semi-
structured interviews)
Where do you get your climate
information?
Who do you share climate information
with?
• Participants identified through purposive
snowballing
• 24 participants were surveyed:
12 from government agencies (formal
networks)
12 from key climate community
groups/members (informal networks)
2
1
|
22. Results:
Where do you get your climate information
24 participants identified 165 ‘entities’
45 government entities (local, state and/or federal)
25 community based organisations
23 mass media entities (e.g.- tv, radio, newspaper)
16 ‘other’ (e.g.- mother, father, neighbour, etc.)
14 Non-government organisations
12 mass communication channels (e.g.- internet, mobile)
12 international entities
6 research organisations
5 social media outlets
2
2
|
24. Each node had ties to
2.5 alternative nodes
(average)
Three key players:
Bureau of
Meteorology (#6)
ABC Radio (#14)
Sydney Morning
Herald (#76)
• 84.2% coverage (n=139
distinct persons
25. Results:
How do you share climate information
24 participants identified 194 ‘entities’
79 Community based organisations
47 Government (local, state or federal)
32 Other (father, mother, neighbour, etc.)
15 Non-government organisations
7 mass communication (internet, mobile)
6 mass media (tv, radio, newspaper)
5 social media
3 research organisations
27. Knowledge
disseminated in dense
clusters
Knowledge primarily
shared with local
profession and
geographical group
Network far more
fractious
Three key players:
Local radio and 2
community
members
28. Key findings
Community members access climate
information from a wide variety of sources,
however….
They don’t really share what they learn
Only a few key players; Limited functional
redundancy??
SNA works!!!
29. Implications
SNA can be used to identify key
nodes/individuals to disseminate climate
information
Provides OEH with critical information about
how to engage communities in climate
adaptation;
Trusted source of information
Broad coverage and quick (links with
emergency services)
• Potentially identifies cost effective means of
community engagement
30. In seeking to increase acceptance and uptake of climate
change and adaptation strategies/policies/etc;
• Build climate resilient and adaptive communities.
• Increase public safety (i.e. fires, storms, etc.)
• Social connectness /cohesion
• Economic benefits (i.e. industries sustained and/or
enhanced)
Benefits extend beyond climate to any area where
community engagement is important!!
31. What next?
Upscale: how does this translate to other
areas/communities?
Bega complete, 31 interviews, SNA
currently underway
Another area (inland)
Also SNA-ing the NSW Adaptation Hub
Qualitative understanding: what drives
patterns?
Finding efficiencies: what role for modern
technologies (social media, micro-sites, etc.)
33. Social Network Analysis – Who’s who in climate
and water communication?
Participate in a SNA
Send an SMS with content
NSWOEH
to
0427 541 357
Normal SMS charges apply. Your number is not
stored or given to any 3rd parties
33
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Research Team
- Chris Cvitanovic
- Rebecca Clunn
- Thomas Measham
- Brent Jacobs
- Anne-Maree Dowd
- Ben Harman
OEH, in particular Chris, Storm, Polly
Natasha Kuruppu and Sam Sharpe
Shoalhaven city council
All of our participants
LGNSW, together with the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, have prepared case studies on how three councils have addressed the need to prepare for climate change through land use planning strategies. Peer to peer learning – contact for leading coucnils to answer questions from councils starting out…
Case Studies
•Eurobodalla Shire Council – 'Addressing sea level rise and erosion' (PDF, 356KB).
•Ku-ring-gai Council – 'Addressing bushfire risks' (PDF, 780KB).
•Lake Macquarie City Council – 'Addressing sea level rise and flooding' (PDF, 141KB).
Building Resilience to Climate Change Grants will address barriers to adaptation, identified by the Productivity Commission in 2013, by financially supporting local government to address identified climate change risks.
NSW Adaptation Research Hub is an innovative funding model that harnesses leading research organisations’ capabilities to deliver operationally and policy-relevant adaptation research. Focused on key themes of biodiversity, adaptive communities and coastal processes and responses, the Hub will leveraged up to $6 million in research activity over three years. The Hub model allows for greater financial and management flexibility in pursuing adaptation research and ensures direct transfer of knowledge across the science-policy interface.
In their broadest sense, social networks are defined as a social structure made up of a set of actors (termed nodes) and the relationships (termed ties) between these actors. These relationships may be as simple as an inter-organisational arrangement between two government agencies, or a complex combination of organisations, groups and individuals from a variety of sectors. Relationships between actors can be of different kinds, however, all these relationships rely on a key process: the circulation of information within a social network.
Social networks occur in a variety of settings and manifest in multiple ways.
Social network analysis [SNA] is the mapping and measuring of relationships and flows between people, groups, organizations, computers, URLs, and other connected information/knowledge entities. Allows us to rank information flow, and identify key actors that facilitate. flow.
All social networks are made up of a series of interconnected individuals, and as such they are considered as having a social structure. Accordingly, research focused on understanding and describing social networks have identified a number of important features within social networks, which can be identified through dedicated social network analyses software packages.
Allows us to calculate cohesion of the network, higher cohesion = better for knowledge flow. Identifies things like most connected/influencial individual, etc.
Keyplayer has two primary functions: 1) to question how best to fracture a network by eliminating particular nodes 2) to question who are the best nodes to disseminate information (Borgatti, 2006).
Within this work, the network dissemination function (Keyplayer Problem Parameter 2 or KPP2) was used to help identify the key nodes within the social network responsible for effective knowledge dissemination.
More than just pretty pictures and who knows who, we want to know what it means, who is influential, etc.
All social networks are made up of a series of interconnected individuals, and as such they are considered as having a social structure (O’Toole, 1997). Research has identified a number of important features within social networks that are comprehensively review by Bodin et al (2006) and discussed here. While this list should not be considered exhaustive, it serves to illustrate the key components of social networks, and the interaction among components of a network. This section is designed to provide a simplistic overview of the structure of social networks, and the implications of this for engaging the community in climate initiatives are discussed in section 5.
Just reminder of theme objectives, and the case study. State that year one was initial trial.
Approximately 160km south of Sydney.
Strong light manufacturing industrial base including goods such as paper, starches, ethanol, cheese, boats, avionics, building products, surfboard and surf-wear
Asked a lot of questions, but centred largely around these two.
People get their information for a diverse range of sources
Not going to go through the full list of stats, just the relevant bits. For people who are interested in the full set please let me know and I can send around some information.
Although participants accessed climate information from a diverse range of sources including three dominant key nodes….
Key nodes communicated information to both government and community members.
What sector are you from? (1 response only)
https://www.polleverywhere.com/multiple_choice_polls/rfERVDtrGabhdKe
How often does climate change come into your work sphere? (1 response only)
https://www.polleverywhere.com/multiple_choice_polls/1otJ5o6FK91D1Yr
Free text - Where you would go to find information about climate change (text as many answers as you like)
https://www.polleverywhere.com/free_text_polls/qvHhHSlT2DF7MZb
What are your three most important elements for trusting sources of climate change? (Text up to three responses)
https://www.polleverywhere.com/multiple_choice_polls/f3uuEzZ4Rejaw2n
Who do you regularly work with? (text up to three responses)
https://www.polleverywhere.com/multiple_choice_polls/hCx67MEQl8RW7SF
any questions?
https://www.polleverywhere.com/free_text_polls/dGufBM7pRTV4YR7