1. 5G Enabling Technologies: a Test & Measurement Perspective
Andjela Ilic-Savoia Keysight Technologies
November 2014

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Agenda
1.The motivation and vision for 5G
2.Setting the 5G Agenda
3.5G solution proposals and technical assumptions
4.Six predictions for broadband wireless 2020
5.Summary
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Keysight Technologies Began Operations, Aug 1, ‘14
•Agilent announced Sept. 19, 2013, it would separate into:
•an Electronic Measurement company (now Keysight)
•a Life Sciences, Diagnostics and Applied Markets company (to retain the Agilent name)
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FY13 $2.9 billion revenue | 18.9% operating margin | 31% ROIC | best in class financial profile
Communications
Industrial, computer, semiconductor
Aerospace/defense
Keysight in Electronic Measurement The industry leader
(1)Presented on a non-GAAP basis; reconciliations to closet GAAP equivalent provided. See reconciliations for definition of ROIC.
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What is the motivation for 5G?
1.The primary motivation for 5G is the apparently endless exponential growth in demand for wireless data services
2.In addition there is an emerging set of demands based on the unique attributes of machine-type communications (MTC) for the internet of things (IoT) which is predicted to reach tens of billions of devices by 2020
3.There is also growing awareness of the need for energy efficiency and cost savings
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Revolution, or Evolution?
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What will it be? (Courtesy of METIS):
Amazingly fast focusing on high data-rates for future mobile broadband users – Speed: 10 Gbps
Great service in a crowd focusing on mobile broadband access even in very crowded areas and conditions – Multiplying Coverage/Cells
Super real-time focusing on new applications such as augmented reality and tactile feel for virtual realities calling for stringent requirements on latency - 1 msec Latency
Ubiquitous things communicating focusing on efficient handling of a very large number of devices with widely varying requirements, Mobiles, M2M, Internet of Things - >30 Billion Devices
Low cost, low energy – Operators need to make it more efficient and cost effective
The 5G Network is not a replacement.
It is a revolutionary enhancement.
5G
2G GERAN
3G UMTS
4G
LTE
WiFi
New Technologies
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5G: Market Forces
Massive Growth in Mobile Data Demand
Massive Growth in Number of Connected Devices
Exploding Diversity of Wireless Applications
Dramatic Change in User Expectations of the Network
Sound Business Model for Network Operators
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5G Market: Drivers Past Today’s System Limits
Massive Growth in Mobile Data Demand
Massive Growth in Number of Connected Devices
Exploding Diversity of Wireless Applications
Dramatic Change in User Expectations of Network
Foundation of sound business model for access providers.
100X Energy Efficiency
Reliability 99.999%
1mS Latency
100X Densification
1000X Capacity
100X Data Rates
•Amazingly Fast
•Great Service In a Crowd
•Best Experience Follows You
•Super Real-Time & Reliable Communications
•Ubiquitous Things Communicating
For the User:
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5G Wireless: Opportunities to Innovate
–Design
–Simulate
–Calibrate
–Emulate
–Validate
1 GHz
10 GHz
100 GHz
1 THz
10 THz
100 THz
1PHz
10 cm
1 cm
1 mm
100 mm
10 mm
1 mm
Wavelength
Frequency
Microwave
mm-Wave
THz
Far IR
Infrared
UV
100X Efficiency (energy/bit)
Reliability 99.999%
1mS Latency
100X Densification
1000X Capacity
100X Data Rates
Enabling Technologies
1.mmWave (Carrier, BW, MU-MIMO)
2.New <6GHz PHY/MAC
3.Full Duplex
4.>>400GB/s Fiber
5.Hyper-Fast Data Buses
6.C-RAN & New NW Topology
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Identifiable metrics for higher performance
• Higher bit rates
• Lower latency
• Higher spectral efficiency
• Higher capacity density
• Higher connection density
Leading to consequences for
• Terminal and network cost
• Terminal battery life
• Energy efficiency
• Reliability of service
• Mobility
Setting the 5G Agenda: A complex problem Performance-led metrics
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Demands for availability and cost/energy efficiency
• High availability of service
• Lower terminal and network cost
• Longer terminal battery life
• Higher energy efficiency
• Lower mobility
Leading to consequences on performance
• Lower or sufficient bit rates
• Higher latency
• Lower spectral efficiency
• Lower capacity density
• Lower connection density
Setting the 5G Agenda: A complex problem Performance-led metrics
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Performance vs. availability, cost and efficiency The emerging demands on 5G are far more comprehensive than previous generations It is very clear that some fo the desirable attributes are mutually exclusive. This leads to an assumption that the needs of 5G cannot be met by one single solution
Setting the 5G Agenda
High Performance
Availability cost and efficiency
Bit rate
bits / s
109
107
105
103
UE battery life days
103
102
10
1
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High Performance
Availability cost and efficiency
The 4G targets were more comprehensive than 3G by adding latency and spectral efficiency targets but otherwise focussed again on single-user peak data rates at low mobility.
4G targets
Bit rate bits / s
109
107
105
103
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High Performance
Availability cost and efficiency
In the early debate on 5G some targets for attributes associated with high performance have been proposed. What follows are the consequences on the attributes of availability, cost and efficiency using today’s technology A better balance between the upper and lower halves of the plot will require technical breakthrough
5G High performance targets
Bit rate
bits / s
109
107
105
103
UE battery life days
103
102
10
1
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High Performance
Availability cost and efficiency
By contrast the contrasting demands of static MTC/IoT look very different
The key attributes are driven from the lower half of the spider diagram with the likely performance attributes being impacted
MTC/IoT targets
Bit rate
bits / s
109
107
105
103
UE battery life days
103
102
10
1
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High Performance
Availability cost and efficiency
Looking at public safety a further difference emerges in priorities
The consequence of the contrasting targets for 5G means there will need to be more than one technical solution
Public safety targets
Bit rate
bits / s
109
107
105
103
UE battery life days
103
102
10
1
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High Performance
Availability cost and efficiency
By overlaying the contrasting demands of different types of service an aggregate picture of 5G emerges.
Could this be 5G?
Bit rate
bits / s
109
107
105
103
UE battery life days
103
102
10
1
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Setting the 5G agenda: Who are the Players?
•Governments
EU, Korea, China, Japan
•Multinational Companies Ericsson, Alcatel Lucent, NSN, Huawei, Samsung
•Universities NYU, UW-Madison, Surrey, TU-Dresden, TSING-Hua, BUPT
•Network Operators Vodafone, China Mobile (CMCC), SKT, DoCoMo
•Chipset Developers Qualcomm, Intel
•Consortiums 5GPPP, 5G Forum, 5GIC, NYU Wireless. IMT2020, ARIB 2020
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Setting the 5G agenda The role of the ITU
•If the industry were left alone, two possibilities might emerge:
•LTE would continue to evolve with an ever-increasing list of incremental developments with the risk of creating a complex infrastructure with a fragmented market
•The conflicting demands on 5G might lead to a never-ending debate or, national or regional solutions that risk market fragmentation
•For 5G to be successful it needs to have a clear focus and timeline – this should be the role of the ITU in the successor to the IMT-2000 and IMT- Advanced programs

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Setting the 5G agenda: Landscape of most visible 5G players by type as of Summer 2014
NEM’s
Operators
Silicon
MEM’s
Government
Consortia
ALU
Ericsson
Huawei
NSN
Cisco
Vodafone
CMCC
docomo
AT&T
Qualcomm
Intel
Samsung
EU/EC
China
South Korea
METIS (Europe)
5GPPP (Europe)
NYU Wireless (US)
5G Forum (Korea)
FUTURE Forum (China)
ITU
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Setting the 5G agenda: Today’s 5G Eco-system
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Setting the 5G agenda: 5G Timing
•There is a general recognition that 5G is targeting commercial deployment beyond 2020
•There are also national / regional pressures to demonstrate capability for flagship events such as the Korean 2018 Winter Olympics and the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics
•That said, if the timescales of previous generations which had much simpler objectives were to be repeated, then commercial launch in 2020 is a seriously aggressive goal
•However, for the time being, 2020 is the date motivating 5G research
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5G solution proposals
•There are many potential solutions proposed for 5G, but given the primary desire for orders of magnitude of change in performance, cost etc. most of the marginal ideas can be discounted
•Only the solutions that truly could make a huge difference need to be considered, the rest can be left to the ongoing evolution of legacy systems
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A simple wireless capacity model
The capacity of a system to deliver services is defined by three main factors:
•The bandwidth of the available radio spectrum – in MHz
•The efficient use of that spectrum – bits / second / hertz
•The number of cells – this equates to spectrum reuse
Number of cells
Efficiency
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Wireless capacity growth
1960 – 2010 Capacity 1,000,000x
Growth factor
1
10
100
1000
20
25
2000
Efficiency
Spectrum
No. of cells
10000
Growth potential
1
10
3
2
100
Efficiency
Spectrum
No. of cells
100
2010 – 2020 Capacity 600x
For both the past and the future, the growth of wireless capacity is dominated by the number of cells (small cell spectrum reuse)
Most industry effort
Most opportunity
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Wireless capacity growth: with mmWave spectrum
Growth potential
1
10
2
20
100
Efficiency
Spectrum
No. of cells
100
2015 – 2025 Capacity 4000x
But with potential for mmWave deployment, the available spectrum might rise from a typical 500 MHz per region to many GHz
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5G Technical Assumptions
•Use of mmWave frequencies 10G-50GHz, 60 GHz, possibly 70-80 GHz.
•Wider bandwidths: 500MHz to 3GHz (below 50 GHz)
•New antenna technologies
•Steerable Array antennas (dynamic beam forming patterns)
•Massive MIMO (e.g. 100-1000 low-power antennas per BTS
•Will require significantly more (low cost) backhaul capacity (400 Gb/s)
•Very low round-trip latency requirements
•Affects all elements of the network
•Higher Frequencies and Higher Densities will dictate small cells
•Software defined radio
•Software defined network
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5G Technical Assumptions
New air interfaces
•Move towards more cognitive designs to take advantage of spectrum sharing: a hybrid of cellular mobility and Wi-Fi ad hoc co-existence
•New modulation formats
•Full duplex transmission
Interop and integration with multiple RAT’s including unlicensed
•Significant impact on the network (e.g. control channel on low band for coverage)
•Role of 802.11ad as it evolves between now and 2020 into 802.11ax
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Six predictions for wireless broadband 2020
1.No new worldwide allocations of mmWave spectrum
2.Cellular will extend into the ISM band at 60 GHz (Unlicensed access)
3.The importance of UE antennas will finally be recognized
4.WLAN will become an equal partner with cellular
5.Without technical breakthrough, the operator business case will not support a massive expansion in capacity
6.The success of 802.11ad will determine the likelihood of cellular at mmWave frequencies
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1. No new worldwide allocations of mmWave spectrum
•One of the yet to be addressed challenges for 5G is where potential mmWave spectrum might be found
•The last time the ITU Worlds Radio Council allocated spectrum for wireless communications was 2007, there was no debate at WRC 2012.
•In 2015 there is an agenda item for communications below 6 GHz but no guarantee for any new allocations
•There is not yet an agenda item agreed for WRC 2018/9 to discuss potential mmWave allocations
•Existing spectrum holders from military, Broadcast, Satellite industries are acting together to prevent further release to mobile broadband
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2. Cellular will extend into the ISM band at 60 GHz (Unlicensed access)
•Release 13 will study the operation of LTE in unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) - in particular the 5 GHz ISM band used for WLAN
•This is to enable operators to offload traffic to LTE femtocells without having to implement WLAN thus avoiding inter-RAT challenges
•Proposals are controversial since standard LTE interferes with WLAN
•LTE is shown to be more efficient - but WLAN was there first
•Modifications to the LTE air interface are proposed to make co-existence with WLAN more tolerable (e.g. Listen Before Talk – LBT)
•Likely to become the single biggest increase of cellular spectrum (up to 680 MHz in 5 GHz band) since the allocations given at WRC 07.
•If successful at 5 GHz, likely to be extended to the 60 GHz ISM band as the quickest way for 5G to get spectrum
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5. Without technical breakthrough, the operator business case will not support a massive expansion in capacity
•The predictions for exponential traffic growth assume the provision of the necessary network capacity is affordable
•Current wireless broadband experience is dominated by a lack of investment in current technology rather than a need for new technology
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5G: Technical breakthrough: Focus on research
Radio Spectrum
•Frequency Bands
•<6 GHz
•28 GHz
•38-40 GHz
•57-64 GHz
•70-75 GHz
•81-89 GHz
•Model and characterize the propagation channel
•Bandwidth (0.5 to 3 GHz)
Topology Improvements
•Backhaul for capacity & cost
•Fronthaul for coverage & cost
•Software-defined Networks for flexibility
•Enhanced HetNet and Small Cells
•Full Duplex and self interference cancellation (SIC)
Radio Hardware
•Software-defined Radio (SDR)
•Integrated Fronthaul & Backhaul
Radio Access Technologies
•GFDM, FBMC, UFMC, BFDM, NOMA
Antenna Technologies
•Steerable Arrays
•Massive MIMO
Research Labs need equipment to work at new frequency bands and wider bandwidths. They need to create and analyze new types of signals/technologies. They need flexible, high performance hardware and software.
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Technology Lifecycle
Technology Trigger
Peak of Inflated Expectations
Trough of Disappointment
Plateau of Productivity
Slope of Enlightenment
Deployment Stage
Go to Market Stage
Revenue Generation Stage
Development Stage
Concept Stage
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Summary
•The current wireless broadband ecosystem is becoming increasingly fragmented and complex with implications on performance and costs
•For 5G to deliver a revolutionary step and distinguish itself from the ongoing evolution of 4G will require breakthrough developments
•Unlike previous mobile communication generations, the debate around 5G is embracing the full range of technical performance, economic and environmental factors
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Thank You!
Name: Andjela Ilic-Savoia
E-mail:andjela_ilic-savoia@keysight.com
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Extras….

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What is 5G?
Set of new requirements for wireless communications systems that mature beyond 2020.
Speed 10Gpbs - 100 times faster than 4G Very low latency: 1 msec for: Augmented Reality, Tactile Internet Mobility: Experience follows you - Gigabit everywhere Density: Very dense crowds of users Low Cost, Low Energy Large Device Count for M2M(Machine to Machine)/ Internet of Things

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Multi-national Companies
•Samsung has 200 researchers working on 5G. Demonstrated 28 GHz system.
•Huawei will invest $600M in 5G Research & Innovation by 2018
•NTT DoCoMo will conduct experimental trials with Alcatel-Lucent, Ericsson, Fujitsu, NEC, Nokia and Samsung
•Qualcomm – Testbed for mmWave – Materials measurements, modeling, performance
Governments – National Initiatives
•European Commission commits € 700M 2014-2020 (5G-PPP Now Active)
•Korea 5G Forum: Demonstration system at 2018 Winter Olympics The government will spend 1.6T Won ($1.5B) over the next seven years
•China IMT-2020 Promotion Group – $24M in 2014
•Japan – Plan for 2020 Olympics (multi-streaming of 8k HD Video)
•Taiwan – Portion of $58M Technology Budget
Latest News
Universities/Research Institutes
•University of Surrey 5GIC £44.6 million investments
•NYU – Completed 5G Summit in May
•TU Dresden/ Fraunhofer HHI- 5GNOW – Investigating Non-Orthogonal Waveforms for Asynchronous signalling

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Groups working on 5G
•5G PPP - METIS - EU Co-funded Consortium of 25 partners – Objective: To lay the foundation of 5G
•NYU Wireless – University with 10 Industrial Affiliates - Objective: To create next generation mass-deployable devices across a wide range of applications and markets
•5GIC – 5G Innovation Centre (University of Surrey Research Center) – Objective: Spearhead international research into the next generation of mobile communication technology.
•5G Forum (Korea) – Korean Co-funded Consortium. Vision to become a 5G Mobile telecommunications leader
•IMT-2020 (5G) China Promotion Group - Platform to promote the development of 5G technologies in China and to facilitate cooperation with foreign companies and organizations
•Beyond 2020 Ad Hoc Group of ARIB (Association of Radio Industries and Businesses) (Japan)- Next generation mobile communications R&D group working with private enterprises