6. Personal Risk Factors
Unprotected sexual contact
Sharing used needles
drug use razors
body piercing toothbrushes
tattooing
Perinatal- can be passed from mother to child during
pregnancy
8. You Cannot become Infected
with these bloodborne viruses
through Casual Contact
Coughing
Sneezing
A kiss on the cheek
Hugging or shaking hands
Drinking fountains
Food
10. Occupational Risk Factors
Contact with infectious body fluids to
broken skin
Contact with infectious body fluids to
mucous membranes
Puncture wounds with used needles
12. H - human
I - immunodeficiency
V - virus
A - acquired
I - immuno
D - deficiency
S - syndrome
13. HIV/ AIDS transmission facts
Attacks the immune system
1cc of blood 300-10,000 viral particles
Dies when fluid dries
tale antiretroviral meds within 3 days after exposure
No vaccine
No cure
Recovery Rare
HIV is the virus that leads to AIDS
HIV depletes the T cells which allows easy infection.
HIV does not survive well outside the body
No threat on contracting HIV
through casual contact
14. Those nasty viruses
DNA or RNA in protein protective coating
very small.
100 times smaller than bacteria
cant reproduce on its own, needs a host.
uses your cells machinery to make copies of
itself until cell dies then off to another cell
15. Hepatitis: Inflammation of the
Liver
Types of Viral Hepatitis
Hepatitis A--feels like flu with jaundice, found in
stool that can get into food/water. vaccination
available. mostly happens overseas, 3rd world.
Hepatitis B--incubates several months then itchy,
aches, jaundice, maybe liver cirrosis. blood or body
fluid transfer. vaccinate. usual recovery unless very
young age.
Hepatitis C--no vaccine. initially asymptomatic then
chronic, may need transplant. humans and chimps
only. very small virus. blood to blood transfer.
16. HBV Symptoms- Hep B
May or may not exhibit symptoms
May be unaware they are contagious
Flu-like symptoms – fatigue, weight loss, fever,
diarrhea
May require hospitalization
Blood and other body fluids are infected
17. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
Unprotected sex & sharing needles
Strong virus can live up to one week outside of the
body
likely recover when acute--only meds if goes chronic
1cc of blood contains 100,000,000 viral particles
Treatment (No Cure)
18. Those who should be tested for
HBV, HIV, HCV
People with multiple sex partners
People with an infected steady partner
Anyone post needle stick
19. Hepatitis B Vaccination
Three injections over 6 months
Booster doses are not recommended.
80 - 95% effective after series is completed
20. Hepatitis B Vaccination Most
Common Side Effect
Slight soreness at the injection site (17%)
More serious reactions may occur in 1% of
vaccinations given
21. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
Most common bloodborne infection in US
More concentrated than HIV
Most people have no symptoms but may get HAV
HBV symptoms. need blood test to verify.
No Vaccine
No effective post-exposure prophylaxis
Treatment effective in 15 - 30 % with interferon
85% develop chronic infection
Leading indication for liver transplants
23. Standard Precautions
An approach to infection control where all human
body fluids of all persons are treated as if known to
be infectious for communicable diseases
25. Use of Disposable Gloves
Think about what you touch while your wearing
them!
Properly dispose of contaminated gloves in the trash.
Wash hands after using them.
Waterless hand cleaner as temporary measure only.
26. Handwashing
THE SINGLE MOST EFFECTIVE BARRIER TO
PREVENT THE TRANSFER OF GERMS is to use soap
and running water. Scrub for at least 30 seconds,
rinse well, dry with paper towel (use to turn off
faucet)
27. Types of Waste Found in School
Setting
Sharps containers
Regulated waste
Contaminated but not regulated
28. Exposure Incident
a specific eye, mouth , other mucous membrane, non-
intact skin, or parenteral (contaminated needles and
sharp instruments), contact with blood or other
potentially infectious materials that results from the
performance of an employee’s duties.
29. Exposure Incident
How they occur in the hospital environment
Personal protective equipment failure
Equipment may not be readily available
Employee may not know how to use equipment
Employee may choose not to use equipment
Failure of protective equipment
30. What Should I Do If I Have An
Accidental Contact With Body
Fluids?
Wash area thoroughly with soap and warm water
Contact Mrs. Hoffman or Dr. Pate immediately!!!!
Report to supervisor
31. table buddy talk
your buddy cant figure out how to
explain a virus.
but you can… so explain it
32. Quiz ---- true or false
Blood is the single most important source of
HIV, HBV and HCV in the work place.
People infected with HBV do recover
There are vaccines to prevent HBV
33. HBV, HCV, and HIV spread most easily
through contact with contaminated blood.
You can be exposed to BBP at work if blood or
other infectious material contacts your broken
skin or mucous membranes.
Feces, urine & vomit can put you at risk of
exposure to BBP whether or not they contain
visible blood.
34. You need to wash your hands after removing gloves
only when you touched the contaminated side of the a
glove.
Hand washing is your main protection against the
spread of infection
HBV can survive in dried blood on surfaces for at least
one week
Universal Precautions were developed to prevent the
transmission of BBP when providing first aid and
health care.
35. Always use a pocket mask or other
respiratory device when you have to
resuscitate someone in an emergency.
It is not advisable to encourage victims to
administer their own first aid.
An athlete who is injured and bleeding
should stop play immediately and have the
wound cleaned and bandaged before
returning to game
Most exposures to blood result in infection
36. exit ticket
write on the index card…..
something that is scary or interesting
you learned about these viruses.
Notes de l'éditeur
OSHA requires annual training for employees who are at occupational risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens Texas public schools are not required to follow OSHA standards however we are dedicated to provide the best for our employees and our students. Purpose of the regulation is to protect employees against exposure to bloodborne diseases which could lead to disease or death
Remember that other body fluids can also carry diseases
Airborne: coughs, sneezes germs into the air. Can become infected when germs come in contact with eyes, nose, mouth, respiratory passages. Colds, flu, measles, TB Direct/Indirect: Skin to skin or skin to mucous membrane contact. If you kiss someone with mono, your mouth comes into direct contact with the person’s saliva. Drinking out of a glass after the person infected with mono, indirectly coming into contact with their saliva. Boils, athletes foot, wound infections Waterborne: germs are carried in water. Cholera Foodborne: Carried in contaminated food. Salmonella Fecal/Oral: germs are shed in the infected person’s stool. Poor hygiene and improper handwashing. Hepatitis A, E. Coli Bloodborne: spread through specific and close contact with another person’s infected body fluids. Not spread through food or water. Hep B & C, HIV, syphilis, malaria
Unprotected sexual contact most common mode of transmission Sharing dirty needles drug use body piercing tattooing Perinatal from pregnant mother to infant Blood transfusion most rare mode of transmission
In a school setting, what are the specific ways that a person could be infected with bloodborne diseases? In order to become infected three things must occur 1. A person must be infected with a bloodborne disease 2. There must be a portal of exit from the infected person 3. There must be a portal of entry into a susceptible individual
However, there are other bloodborne diseases that could also pose a risk to you
Hepatitis viruses are not all spread the same way Symptoms may be the same but only blood tests can identify the type of virus Hepatitis A much more prevalent than hepatitis B
Location of gloves and spill kits Fanny packs for playground duty Glove demonstration
Handling Sharps Never bend or break needles Discard in leak-proof, puncture-proof container, labeled with biohazard symbol Never throw sharps container in regular trash; must be handled by biomedicaL waste hauler Only designated employees who have received bloodborne pathogens training should handle or dispose of contaminated articles Sharps from biology or art classes are not considered biohazard unless they are contaminated with body fluids They should be disposed in puncture proof container to protect custodians
Definition: This is defined as any accidental contact with any body fluids that occur at work to any employee