Constanta is the oldest city in Romania, located on the western coast of the Black Sea. Originally called Tomis, it has a long history dating back over 7,000 years. Tomis was an important Greek colony and trade hub from the 7th century BC. It later came under Roman rule and was renamed Constantiana in the 4th century AD. Constanta saw significant development in the late 19th century as Romania's main port on the Black Sea, driving economic growth through maritime trade. Today, Constanta remains an important cultural and economic center as well as Romania's largest port.
1. Constanta Constanţa (Turkish in Kustendji or Köstence ) is the oldest city in Romania. It is an important city . Constanta is in a region of Romania called Dobrogea, which is the land between the Danube River to the west and Black Sea to the east. Situated at the crossroads of several commercial routes, Constanta lies on the western coast of the Black Sea, 185 miles from the Bosphorus Strait. Originally called Tomis, legend has it that Jason landed here with the Argonauts after finding the Golden Fleece.
2. History of the town and of its harbor functions In the today’s perimeter of Constanta, there were discovered proofs of human existence about 120.000 years old, from the Middle Paleolithic. The many archeological discoveries represent true revelations for the specialists and prove the human society evolution with changes and innovations from the old ages - Neolithic, Bronze, Iron - but, also local and original peculiarities of the native population, with Indo-European origin, the Traco-Geti, the oldest inhabitants of this region. These were the historical premises, written in one sentence, which had driven to the settlement of the antiques fortress Tomis - Constanta today - during the Greek colonization of the Pontus Euxinus area (7 th -5 th century B.C.)
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4. The Greeks, arrived here, have found a Getic native settlement. They have, first, founded an "emporion" that evolved till the Hellenistic period till the level of "polis" with all its attributions (4 th and 3 rd centuries B.C.). The importance of Tomis grew during 3 rd and 1 st centuries B.C. In this period huge wealth are accumulated due to the economical development, based on the harbor activity and enables the town-planning flourishing of the city, after the model of the Milet fortress. In the 1 st century B.C. on this territory, between the Lower Danube and the Black Sea, come the Romans.
5. The Roman ruling (1 st – 3 rd centuries) modifies positively the geopolitical and economical status of the region, an economical and cultural growth is seen. Tomis is consolidated, the harbor become very active, the city knows a great town-planning activity. Here lived in exile, for 8 years, 8-17 A.C.) the poet Publius Ovidius Naso. Tomis was conquered by the Romans in 71 BC and renamed Constantiana by Roman Emperor Constantine the Great in honor of his sister.
7. But the city images changes, become more rural after the devastating Barbarian migrations. In the 10 th – 13 th centuries the city will participate, as and urban center of some importance, at the period events and continue its harbor life. In this period the maritime trade was dominated by Italians, those from Genoa being the most important. Today, still exists a construction from that period, the "Genoese Light-house", reminding us the famous Genoese merchants.
8. In the 14 th century another empire is in expansion in this region, the Turkish Empire. Dobrogea and is residence town, Constanta, are integrated in a Turkish province, being conquered by military force, starting with the 15 th century till the end of the 19 th century, when, after the independence War from 1877-1878, the province of Dobrogea is back in the Romanian state borders. Only at this date begins the modern development of Dobrogea.
10. The most important development of Constanta, mostly of the harbor, was between 1878-1914. After the building of the bridge across the Danube, between 1890-1895, by the famous Romanian engineer Anghel Saligny, the longest bridge in Europe, and the 3 rd in the world at that moment, the Romanian Maritime Service was founded, and the maritime line Constanta - Constantinopole was opened, the harbor was modernized but a great reconstruction plan (1985-1909), with installations, warehouses, silos; the harbor traffic grows constantly, hundred of ships under all flags boarding at its piers. Romanian Maritime Service had an important fleet, its ships navigating on the "Oriental line" (Constanta-Constantinopol-Alexandria), on the "Archipelago line" (Constanta-Pireu-Salonic) and on the "Occidental line" (Constanta-Rotterdam).
11. The necessary infrastructure was built: railways and roads. Many beautiful buildings were built in this period that are still up and make the city image nicer.
12. The third largest city in Romania, Constanta is now an important cultural and economic centre, worth exploring for its archaeological treasures and the atmosphere of the old town centre. The Port of Constanta is the main Romanian port and the largest port in the Black Sea. It has a geostrategical position being located on the route of two Pan-European Transport Corridors: river Corridor VII (Danube) and rail-road Corridor IV. In the southern part of Constanta Port there is a river-maritime sector, which allows the accommodation of maritime vessels and river vessels as well.
