Physical Geog mindmap coast weather tectonics

1. Summary Mind-Map Slides
Physical Geography

2. Tectonic
Hazards
Earth’s
internal
structure
Responses
Landforms &
Phenomena

3. Earth’s internal Structure
Structure
• Core
• Mantle
• Crust (Oceanic)
• Crust
(Continental)
• Asthenosphere
• Lithosphere
Tectonic
Forces
• Convection
Currents
• Slab-pull
force
Plate Boundaries
• Transform /
Shear
• Convergent /
Destructive
• O-C / C-C / O-
O
• Divergent /
Constructive
• O-O / C-C

4. Responses
Preparing for
Earthquakes
• Landuse
regulation
• Building design
• Improve
Infrastructure
• Emergency
Drills
• Technology,
monitoring &
warning system.
Short-term
• Handling Status
of the area
• Provide medical
aid, food & water
• Set up
emergency
shelter
• Calling for
humanitarian aid
• Search & Rescue
Long-term
• Recover
Economically
• Improve
infrastructure
• Compensation
• Health Option

5. Landforms & Phenomena
Landforms
• Rift valley (Graben)
• Block Mountain (Horst)
• Fold mountain
• Volcanoes
• Shield volcano
• Stratovolcano
Phenomena

6. PhenomenaEarthquakes
Volcanic
Eruptions
• Impact / Risks
• Landslide /
Lohars
• Pollution
• Effect on
weather
• Destruction by
pyroclastic
flow
Benefits
• Fertile soil
• Tourism
• Geotherm
al energy
• Minerals
Factors causing
damage
• Magnitude
• Depth of focus
• Distance from
Epicentre
• Pop Density
• Time of occurrence
• Type of soil
• Level of
preparedness.
Effects
• Tsunami
• Landslides
• Destruction of building
and infrastructure
• Loss of services.

7. Coasts
Coastal
Features
Value
Of
Coasts
Threats
To
Coasts
Coastal
Management

8. Coastal Feature
Waves Wave
Refraction
Processes
Erosion
• Corrasion
• Attrition
• Solution
• Hydraulic
Action
Transportation
• Longshore Drift
theory
Deposition
• Beach
formation
Landforms
Erosion
• Stack
• Stump
• Arch
• Cave
• Notch
Erosion & Deposition
• Headlands & Bays
Deposition
• Spit
• Tombolo
• Beach

9. Value of
Coasts
Human Value
• Provisionary
• Regulating
• Cultural
• Supporting
Ecosystem
Coral Reefs
Mangroves
• Distribution
• Value to
humans
• Threats faced

10. Threats to
Coast
Climate Change
• Rising global population
• Pollution
• Coastal Development and
Habitat loss
• Eroding Shorelines

11. Coastal Management
Management
• Limiting
Activities
• Restricting
Development
Soft
Engineering
• Beach
nourishment
• Dune
Stabilising
• Encourage
growth of
corals
Hard
Engineering
• Seawall
• Gryone
• Tetrapods
• Gabions

12. Weather and
Climate
Elements of
Weather
Climate Change
Extreme
Weather
(Pure Geog)

13. Elements of Weather
Temperature
• Altitude
• Latitude
• Distance
from sea
• Cloud Cover
Humidity &
Rainfall
• Relative
Humidity
• Clouds
• Saturation
Dew Point
• Orographic
and
Convectional
Rain
Winds &
Pressure
• Pressure
• Land & Sea
Breezes
• Monsoon
winds
`
Climate Types
• Equatorial
• Monsoon
• Cool
Temperate

14. Climatic Changes
Current Trends
Man-Made
• Burning fossil
fuels
• Deforestation
• Changing
landuse –
• Agriculture
• Industries
• Urbanisation
Impacts
• Sea level
rising
• More
extreme
weather
• Increase in
speed of
diseases
• Change in
growing
season
Responses
Natural
• Solar
Variations
• Volcanic
Eruptions
Causes
Responses
• Kyoto Protocol
• Copenhagen
Conference
National
• Plant a tree
• Green Mark
• Green Plan
• Energy
Labelling
• INCCA
• NUTD

15. Extreme Weather
(Tropical Cyclone)
Responses
• Short-term
• Long-term
Impacts
• Economic
• Physical
• Social
Hazards
• Torrential
rain
• Wind
Damage
• Storm Surge
Formation /
Disturbution
• Warm Sea
surface
temperature
• Strong
Coriolis effect
• Tropical
Regions