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2
Outline
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Inline Styles
5.3 Embedded Style Sheets
5.4 Conflicting Styles
5.5 Linking External Style Sheets
5.6 Web Resources
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 In this lesson, you will learn:
 To control the appearance of a Web site by creating
style sheets.
 To use a style sheet to give all the pages of a Web site
the same look and feel.
 To use the class attribute to apply styles.
 To use style sheets to separate presentation from
content.
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 Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
 Separation of structure from presentation
 Three methods of CSS:
 Inline Styles
 Embedded Style Sheets
 Conflicting Styles
 Linking External Style Sheets
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 Declare an individual element’s format
 Attribute style
 CSS property followed by a colon and a value
 i.e: style = “font-size:20pt”
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<body>
<p>This text does not have any style applied to it.</p>
<p style = "font-size: 20pt">This text has the
<em>font-size</em> style applied to it, making it 20pt.
</p>
<p style = "font-size: 20pt; color: #0000ff">
This text has the <em>font-size</em> and
<em>color</em> styles applied to it,
making it 20pt. and blue.</p>
</body>
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The style attribute allows you to declare inline styles.
Separate multiple styles with a semicolon.
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 Embed an entire CSS document in an XHTML document’s
head section
Attributes Description
MIME type
type = “text/css”
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) type
Describes a file’s content
Property Description
background-color Specifies the background color
font-family Specifies the name of the font to use
font-size Specifies a 14-point font
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<head>
<style type = "text/css">
em { background-color: #8000ff; color: white }
h1 { font-family: arial, sans-serif }
p { font-size: 14pt }
.special { color: blue }
</style>
</head>
<h1 class = "special">Deitel & Associates, Inc.</h1>
<p>Deitel & Associates, Inc. ..
programming, and Object Technology.</p>
<h1>Clients</h1>
<p class = "special"> The company's clients include
many <em>Fortune 1000 companies</em>,
government agencies, branches ….
and World Wide Web courses.</p>
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this begins the style sheet section
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 Inheritance
 Descendant’s properties have greater specificity than
ancestor’s properties
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a.nodec { text-decoration: none }
a:hover { text-decoration: underline;color: red;background-color: #ccffcc }
li em { color: red;font-weight: bold }
ul { margin-left: 75px }
ul ul { text-decoration: underline; margin-left: 15px }
</style>
<h1>Shopping list for <em>Monday</em>:</h1>
<ul>
<li>Milk</li>
<li>Bread
<ul>
<li>White bread</li>
<li>Rye bread</li>
<li>Whole wheat bread</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Rice</li>
<li>Potatoes</li>
<li>Pizza <em>with mushrooms</em></li>
</ul>
<p><a class = "nodec" href = "http://www.food.com">Go to the Grocery store</a></p>
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a.nodec { text-decoration: none }
a:hover { text-decoration: underline;color: red;background-color: #ccffcc }
li em { color: red;font-weight: bold }
ul { margin-left: 75px }
ul ul { text-decoration: underline; margin-left: 15px }
</style>
<ul>
<li>Milk</li>
<li>Bread
<ul>
<li>Rye bread</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Rice</li>
<li>Potatoes</li>
</ul>
<p><a class = "nodec" href = "http://www.food.com">Go to the Grocery store</a></p>11
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 External style sheets
 Can provide uniform look and feel to entire site
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a { text-decoration: none }
a:hover { text-decoration: underline; color: red;
background-color: #ccffcc }
li em { color: red; font-weight: bold; background-color: #ffffff }
ul { margin-left: 2cm }
ul ul { text-decoration: underline; margin-left: .5cm }
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<head>
<link rel = "stylesheet" type = "text/css" href = "styles.css" />
</head>
<body>
<ul>
<li>Milk</li>
<li>Bread
<ul>
<li>Rye bread</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Rice</li>
<li>Potatoes</li>
</ul>
<p>
<a href = "http://www.food.com">Go to the Grocery store</a>
</p>
</body>
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 www.w3.org/TR/css3-roadmap
 www.ddj.com/webreview/style
 tech.irt.org/articles/css.htm
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