Water Education Training
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Presented by Paulina Velasco (United States) and Vuthy Theam (Cambodia) during the YSEALI Generation Earth Workshop in Siem Reap, Cambodia.
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Water Education Training
- 1. W ater E ducation T raining Water Advocacy Program
- 3. Session Overview 1. What is in my water? •Discussion: What are issues that effect the water quality or reliability in your community? 2. Importance of Community Input in Water Issues 3. Water Issues Requiring Public Participation 4. Why should the community be engaged? 5. Creating Community Organizations •Figure: Public Participation Spectrum •Organizing the Community •Motivate Action •Learn •Negotiation •Action •Follow-through •Upside Down Triangle •Finding Tactics that Matter
- 4. What’s in my water? Where does my water come from? Private Well Public Water System Other 1. What is in my water?
- 5. Water Systems Private Wells • Local regulating bodies have limited regulation • Owner of the well must test for the water out of their own expense – Method of low cost water quality Public Water System • PWS get water from a number of sources depending on the region – In some areas water comes from wells drilled in the ground and pump water that has been slowly filtered through the soil and accumulates in areas under the ground called aquifers. – In other areas groundwater is either not easily available or is not safe to use for drinking water so PWSs may use surface water sources such as streams, lakes, rivers, and canals. All surface water must be treated because is it more likely than groundwater to have bacteria and pathogens. • Today, many PWSs use some combination of both surface and groundwater sources. 1. What is in my water?
- 6. Common Water Conditions Source: CWC Community Guide, 2014 1. What is in my water?
- 7. Low/No-Cost Water Testing **Note: This method has NOT been peer-reviewed or accepted by the scientific community 1. What is in my water? Materials 1. Two glasses (A & B) 2. Young Guava leaves 3. Pure drinking water 4. Water from the community well Method 1. Pour pure drinking water into glass A 2. Pour community water into glass B 3. Drop the fresh crushed guava leaves each glass 4. If the water is rusty or unsafe for drinking , it will develop into dark color. Glass A Glass B
- 8. Low/No Cost Water Purification Method **Note: This method has NOT been peer-reviewed or accepted by the scientific community 1. What is in my water? Materials 1. Water bottle 2. Scissors/knife 3. Cotton balls/fabric 4. Sand/charcoal 5. Gravel 6. Large gravel/small rocks 7. Glass to hold filtered/non- filtered water 1 ) Cut of the very end of the water bottle 2) Drill a small hole “make sure the cap is on tight” 3) Stick the fabric filter down into bottom of the cap 4) Fill up sand or crushed charcoal ( about 5cm) 5) Add gravel in the bottle about 5cm from sand 6) Add larger gravel or small rocks about 5cm • The water filter is now complete! 7) Boil the water to totally get ride of all bacteria then you can drink the water safely.
- 9. What are issues that affect the water quality or reliability in your community? Discussion 1. What is in my water?
- 10. Importance of Community Input in Water Issues The management of water resources, and the land uses affect water quantity, and quality are both complex issues. It makes sense to cooperate with the community to achieve comprehensive management of water from which all parties benefit. 2. Importance of Community Input in Water Issues
- 11. Water Issues that Require Public Engagement Water for the environment Domestic water supplies and sanitation Water for agriculture Water for secondary and tertiary Managing conflicting interests 3. Water Issues Requiring Public Participation
- 12. Reasons for Public Participation in Water Issues Making better decisions Better public understanding of water issues Commitment to the public good/social justice 4. Why should the community be engaged?
- 13. Public Participation Spectrum 5. Creating Community Organizations Inform To provide the public with balanced and objective information to assist them in understanding the problems, alternatives, opportunities and/or solutions We will keep you informed Consult To obtain public feedback on analysis, alternatives and/or decisions We will keep you informed, listen to and acknowledge concerns and aspirations, provide feedback on how public input influenced the decision Involve To work directly with the public throughout the process to ensure that public concerns and aspirations are consistently understood and considered We will work with you to ensure that your concerns and aspirations are directly reflected in the alternatives developed and provide feedback on how public input influenced the decision Collaborate To partner with the public in each aspect of the decision including the development of alternatives and the identification of the preferred solution We will look to you for direct advice and Innovation in formulating solutions and incorporate your advice and recommendations into the decisions to the maximum extent possible Empower To place final decision- making in the hands of the public We will implement what you decide Increasing Level of Public Participation Participation Goal Promise to the Public Source: International Association for Public Participation 2006
- 14. 5. Creating Community Organizations Community Organizing Source of power: the capacity to mobilize large numbers of community members to challenge political/community priorities that keep things the way they are.
- 15. 5. Creating Community Organizations Why create a formal community organization? Increases power over decisions affecting the community. Improves your ability to raise funds on behalf of your community. Provides some separation between your personal life and the work you do to improve your community
- 16. 5. Creating Community Organizations What are the steps to formalize a community organization? If you decide you want to formalize your community organization, the best way to start is by forming an unincorporated association. Here are the steps to follow: ONE Get a group of interested community members together and hold a meeting. TWO Assign Roles such as president, secretary, ect.. THREE Create bylaws and conduct the operations of the organization according to those rules. FOUR Depending on your municipality you might need to fill out forms to register your organization
- 17. 5. Creating Community Organizations But, how do we get to that point?
- 18. 5. Creating Community Organizations Motivation to act Follow- through Action Guiding Principles for Community Organizing
- 19. Actors in Community Organizing Leadership Constituency Support Individuals & Organizations Competition Individuals & Organizations Opposition Individuals & Organizations Federal, State, Local Governments People who live, work, study in the community
- 20. 5. Creating Community Organizations Motivation to Act: Why do people act? Where does motivation to act come from? Action begins with self-interest, but success develops a sense of group power and broader scope
- 21. 5. Creating Community Organizations Motivation to Act: Interest Values World as it should be Interest Resources World as it is Needs What are your Priorities? What do you make time for?
- 22. 5. Creating Community Organizations Actions Cause Tension; Tension Leads to Change Any social change or improvement project requires action. Action brings increased tension. Without increased tension, nothing changes. • What is an Action? An action may be a meeting with a person in authority, an election, a boycott, a press conference, a rally, a teach-in, or some other activity to affect social change.
- 23. 5. Creating Community Organizations Learn & Negotiate: Learn Negotiate Information + People = Power • Although information is a source of power, simply having the right information is not enough. • The group must do something with the information in order to leverage power. Otherwise, you could be right and still be powerless. • Use the information to leverage and build new relations with key actors.
- 24. 5. Creating Community Organizations Action: • Create a collective strategic campaign focused on actions and tangible results. • Goals and actions must be created collectively in order for all group members to feel engaged and continue to support the campaign. • Campaigns should focus on one tangible victory in the community to gain trust and momentum toward changes. • Always bring the action back to larger vision and offer leadership, while also giving opportunities and support for others to lead. • Remember, it’s not just a about creating an action, it’s about evaluating its efficiency…
- 25. 5. Creating Community Organizations Evaluating an Action • What happened? • Did we have a plan of action? • Did we follow that plan? ❏ Yes. If yes, great! ❏ No. If no, why not? • What was our goal? • What was the reaction? • Did we achieve our goal? • What did we learn? • Would we do anything differently next time? • Did we need any more information? • Would more information help now? • What is our next step? • What might help us take this next step?
- 26. 5. Creating Community Organizations Follow-through Organizing is 90% follow-up. • Check-ins by phone and in person are important ways to have consistent follow-through, both to implement a strategic campaign and to maintain relationships. • Recognizing that communities will change as people move in and out, it is important to provide stability to the campaign work over the long-term. • Rural community organizing often benefits from connecting local community campaigns to efforts in other communities, coalitions, and groups. Follow- through
- 27. Finding Tactics that Matter 6. Workshop 1
- 28. 5. Creating Community Organizations Learn Information as a source of power Think of one problem/issue your group is facing right now: 1. What do you want to accomplish? 2. Who has the legal authority to make the decision 3. What is the decision-making process? 4. Who could influence that person? 5. What kinds of arguments would influence that person? 6. What are the relevant laws that might restrict or support the change you want? 7. What are the “accepted practices”? 8. Is there any particular history behind this? 9. Write down three next steps you could take right now to get you closer to answering those questions:
Notes de l'éditeur
- P
- P
- - ASK what are major industries in your community or other things that might impact the quality of your water?
- - ASK what are major industries in your community or other things that might impact the quality of your water?
- - ASK what are major industries in your community or other things that might impact the quality of your water?
- 15 mins
- In most cases complex landscapes, under different forms of ownership and control, are involved. This can include customary land ownership, customary water rights, and even common property rights and responsibilities over water. In such cases no party - neither government nor customary owners - may have total control of the natural resources, or the outcomes of different ways of using them. ASK – Why do you think it’s important? 2 mins
- Water for the environment – providing sufficient habitat for aquatic species, so as not to threaten other natural resources including fish, and riverine plants and the animals that depend on them; Domestic water supplies and sanitation – keeping supplies unpolluted, plentiful, and affordable both for households and the supply instrumentalities; achieving safe sanitation so that human health and environment are not compromised by unsafe disposal of wastes; Water for agriculture – storage for interseasonal availability and irrigation systems. An issue is competition between water needs for irrigation and for direct human consumption (or environmental needs). There is a risk of agricultural demand exceeding the supplies available, and indeed for development advisers to be insufficiently informed about water demand and availability; Water for secondary and tertiary industry – from factories to golf courses, development can also extend demands on both water quantity, and quality. Challenges arise where water consumption is high, or industry processes pollute water supplies; Managing conflicting interests both in the planning stages for new development and in response to population growth (including population redistribution or urbanisation)
- The opportunity to make better decisions, by opening up the decision-making process to a wide set of people contributing expertise that lies outside government. This includes local experience, traditional knowledge, and different forms of technical knowledge . Better public acceptance of and compliance with the decisions made, because people have had the opportunity to be heard in the information gathering stages of decision making. (Even if some people disagree with the eventual decision, they may comply with it if satisfied with the process of reaching it). Social justice, the idea that those who will be affected by a decision deserve to have input.
- Although you do not have to formalize your group, there are a number of reasons why you may want to create a name, set a structure, and establish rules on how the group will operate Power comes from numbers and recognition. A formal group with a name is more easily recognized and gives the appearance of significant numbers. Foundations/NGOs want to give grants to formal community groups, not individuals. Instead of working as an individual, you are working on behalf of the community.
- If you decide to form an unincorporated association, you have lots of flexibility in the structure and functioning of your organization. For example, some groups may decide to elect a President, while others may want a board or council to make decisions. Each community is unique, as are the water quality issues your community may face, and the members of your community should develop an organizational structure that works best for your community’s situation. No matter what structure your community ultimately decides to use, however, it is very important to set formal rules (bylaws) for the functioning of the association. In particular, you should establish clear rules for deciding who is a member, who can speak and sign documents on behalf of the organization, and how decisions are made on behalf of the group.
- Actors attend to their circumstances, act purposefully on those circumstances, and try to mobilize the resources they need to achieve their purposes. Actors are not “social forces” but persons - or groups of persons - who remember, imagine, choose, and reflect on their choices
- Motivation needs to be transformed into action. People are ready for change and will act given good information and the opportunity. It’s important to build hope, but not give false expectations. People need to see concrete actions and commitments in their own community to be an active part of larger movement for change – it’s about building the base for the bigger picture. Remember that everyone in a community already has unique skills so everyone is capable of making change.
- Most of us have interests in many domains, although some may be more immediate than others: family, community, work, religious beliefs, cultural or recreational activities, and politics. Again, interests are not the same as values, but are shaped by them. Because of our values, we may have an interest in living environmentally responsible lives, doing meaningful work, or honoring religious or cultural traditions
- Building ongoing relationships is just as important as creating and implementing a strategic campaign. Strive to build respectful relationships within the community group, as well as with potential allies and other organizations. Good relationships will provide more ideas, information, resources and support for your efforts. Community organizing is about negotiating for change, working proactively to make things better, and not just complaining about the problem. Remember to make time to interact and develop strong relationships within the community group.
- What happened? (Get the story straight. People often hear or see things differently. Get an accurate recording of the facts and who said what. If someone misheard something, the group can set him or her straight.)
- Exercise: