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Instructed Language Learning
- 1. Principles of Instructed Language Learning Rod Ellis University of Auckland
- 6. Principle 1 Instruction needs to ensure that learners develop a rich repertoire of formulaic expressions and a rule-based competence.
- 10. Principle 2: Instruction needs to ensure that learners focus predominantly on meaning
- 13. Principle 3: Instruction needs to ensure that learners also focus on form.
- 17. Principle 4: Instruction needs to be predominantly directed at developing implicit knowledge of the L2 while not neglecting explicit knowledge.
- 22. Principle 5: Instruction needs to taker into account the learner’s ‘built-in-syllabus’.
- 26. Principle 6: Successful instructed language learning requires extensive L2 input.
- 29. Principle 7: Successful instructed language learning also requires opportunities for output.
- 32. Principle 8: The opportunity to interact in the L2 is central to developing L2 proficiency.
- 35. Principle 9: Instruction needs to take account of individual differences in learners.
- 39. Principle 10: In assessing learners’ L2 proficiency it is important to examine free as well as controlled production.