1. English Classes Four

2. PastPerfect Form had + pastparticiple

3. PastPerfect 1) CompletedActionbeforesomething in thePast Affirmative I hadseen a beautifulbeachbefore I gotlostin thosecreepywoods. Negative Wehadn’tbookedthe hotel room, soweweren’table to sleepdecentlyyesterday. Interrogative Had Susan studiedThaibeforeshemoved to Thailand?

4. PastPerfect 2) Durationbeforesomething in thePast (Non-ContinuousVerbs) Affirmative Alex hadbeen in London for over eightyearsbythe time hefinishedhisstudies. Negative Wehadn’thadthatcar for tem yearsbefore it brokedown. Interrogative Had John and Mary ownedthathouse for more thanfortyyearsbeforetheaccidenthappened?

5. PastPerfect Specific Times UnlikewiththePresentPerfect, it is possible to use specific time wordsorphraseswiththePastPerfect. Althoughthis is possible, it is usuallynotnecessary. ShehadvisitedherJapaneserelativesonce in 1993 beforeshemoved in withthem in 1996. ShevisitedherJapaneserelativesonce in 1993... Butatanunespecified time: ShehadvisitedherJapaneserelativesbeforeshemoved in withthem.

6. PastPerfectContinuous Form hadbeen + presentparticiple

7. PastPerfectContinuous 1) Durationbeforesomething in thePast Affirmative Theyhadbeentalking for over na hourbefore Tony arrivedatmyhouse. Negative Shehadn’tbeenworkingatthatcompany for threeyearswhen it went out of Business Interrogative HadyoubeenstudyingTurkish for a yearbeforeyouwent to Ankara?

8. PastPerfectContinuous 2) Cause ofsomething in thePast Affirmative Jason wastiredbecausehehadbeen jogging. Negative Sam gainedweightbecausehehadn’tbeenexercising. Interrogative Did Betty failthe final testbecauseshehadn’tbeenattendingtheclass?

9. PastContinuous vs. PPC He wastiredbecausehewasexercisingsohard Actioninterruptedatthatmoment He wastiredbecausehehadbeenexcersingsohard. Emphasizesthattheactionwent over a periodof time. There’s still thepossibilitythattheactionwas still goingonorthat it hasjustfinished.

10. Simple Future Form WILL will + verb Form BE GOING TO am/is/are + going to + verb

11. Simple Future - WILL 1) VoluntaryAction Affirmative I willsendyoutheinformationswhen I get it. I’lltranslatethe e-mail, so Mr. Smith canread it. Negative I willnot do yourhomework for you. I won’t do allthehouseworkmyself! Interrogative Will youmakedinner?

12. Simple Future - WILL 2) Express Promises Affirmative I willcallyouwhen I arrive. Negative I won’ttellanyoneyoursecret. Interrogative Will I help youwiththehomework?

13. Simple Future – GOING TO 1) Express a Plan Affirmative He is going to spendhisvacations in Hawaii. She’sgoing to have some funwithherchildtomorrow. Negative We are not meeting theMayornextmonth. He’snotspendinghismoneyonaniPad. Interrogative Are yougoing to makeJohn’sbirthdaycake?

14. Simple Future – PREDICTIONS Theyear 2222 willbe a veryinterestingyear. Theyear 2222 is going to be a veryinterestingyear. John Smith willbethenextpresident. John Smith is going to bethenextpresident.

15. Future Continuous Form WILL willbe Form GOING TO am/is/are going to be

16. Future Continuous 1) InterruptedAction in the Future Affirmative I’llbewatching TV whenshearrivestonight. We are going to bestayingatthe Madison Hotel, ifanythinghappensandyouneed to contact me. Negative Shewon’tbeatclasswhentheteacher comes in. Theyaren’tgoing to besurvivingthetest, soweapply a newone. Interrogative Will Helena bedrivinginsanelywhen Marcus hits her? Are yougoing to bewavingyouhandwhenshesaysgood-bye?

17. Future Continuous 2) Specific Time as na interruption in the Future Affirmative I’ll still bedrivingatmidnighttonight. He’sgoing to be still receivingthemoneytomorrow. Negative Jane willnotbestayingat home at 11:00 PM. He isn’tgoing to bestudyingtomorrow. Interrogative Will youbewaiting for hernextweek? Is shegoing to bekissingyouat 07:00 AM?

18. Future Continuous Remember: Tonightat 6 PM, I amgoing to eatdinner. Theaction starts exactlyatthespecified time. Tonightat 6 PM, I amgoing to beeatingdinner. Theaction starts beforethespecified time andwillbe in process.

19. Future Continuous 3) ParallelActions in the Future I amgoing to bestudyingandhe is going to bemakingdinner. Tonight, theywillbeeatingdinner, discussingtheirplansandhaving a good time. Remember: Atmosphere in the Future When I arriveattheparty, everybody is going to becelebrating. Some willbe dancing. Others are going to betalking. Andfewpeoplewillbeeating.

20. Future - Important NO TIME CLAUSES after, as, as long as, as soon as, before, bythe time, every time, since, themoment, until, when, whenever, while Whenyouwillarrivetonight, wewillhave a party. Whenyouarrivetonight, wewillhave a party. While I amgoing to befinishingmyhomework, she is going to makedinner While I amfinishingmyhomework, she is going to makedinner.