5. CARL GUSTAV JUNG Swiss psychiatrist and founder of a neopsychoanalytic school of psychology, which he named “ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY”
6. CARL GUSTAV JUNG He proposed and developed the concepts of the extroverted and introverted personality, archetypes, and the collective unconscious. He felt as if he had two separate personalities. One introverted and other extroverted. This interplay resulted in his study of integration and wholeness. His work has been influential not only in psychology, but in religion and literature as well.
7. SIGMUND FREUD an Austrian neurologist who founded the discipline of PSYCHOANALYSIS.
8. SIGMUND FREUD PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY “THREE STRUCTURES” 1. ID Consist of instincts, w/c are an individual’s reservoir of psychic energy 2. EGO Personality structure that deals w/ the demands of reality. 3. SUPEREGO Structure of personality that is the moral branch of personality.
9. FIVE STAGES OF PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT 1. ORAL STAGE 2. ANAL STAGE 3. PHALLIC STAGE 4. LATENCY STAGE 5. GENITAL STAGE
10. 1st – ORAL (Birth – 1 ½)= Infant’s pleasure centers around the mouth. Chewing, sucking and bitting 2nd – ANAL STAGE(1 ½ - 3)=Child’s pleasure focus on anus 3rd – PHALLIC( 3 – 6)= Child’s pleasure focuses on the genitals. 4th – LATENCY (6 – Puberty) = Child represses sexual interest and develops social and intellectual skills 5th – GENITAL (Puberty – Onward) = A time of sexual reawakening; source of sexual pleasure becomes someone outside the family.
11. ERIK ERICKSON has made a contribution to the field of psychology with his “DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY”
12. ERIK ERICKSON PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY “EIGHT LIFE-SPAN STAGES” 1st - TRUST VS MISTRUST = (first yr of life) A sense of trust requires a feeling of physical comfort & a minimal amount of fear & apprehension about future. 2nd - AUTONOMY VS SHAME & DOUBT = (1-3) After gaining trust in their caregivers, infants begin to discover that behavior is their own. They start to assert their sense of independence, or autonomy
13. Continuation… 3rd - INITIATIVE VS GUILT = (preschool yrs, 3-5) Developing sense of responsibility increases initiative. While guilt feeling may arise if the child is irresponsible and is made to feel too anxious. 4th - INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY = (6-puberty) The danger during this stage is the development of sense of inferiority. While teachers have a special responsibility for children’s development of industry. 5th - IDENTITY VS IDENTITY CONFUSION = (10-20) Indiviuals finding out who they are and what they are all about. As new role arrives, confusion arise.
14. Continuation… 6th - INTIMACY VS ISOLATION = (20s-30s) Facing developmental task of forming intimate relationship with others. If intimacy is not achieved; the result is isolation. 7th - GENERATIVITY VS STAGNATION = (40s-50s) Chief concern is assist the younger generation in developing & leading useful lives. Feeling of having done nothing is stagnation. 8th - INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR = (60s-onward) Life reflection. If one’s reflect his/her past positively; then,integrity achieved. If not, despair.
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16. Emphasized his development change throughout the human life span.
17. "COGNITIVE THEORIES" PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY Stress the importance of children’s unconscious thought. COGNITIVE THEORY Emphasize their conscious thoughts.
18. THREE IMPORTANT COGNITIVE THEORIES 1. Piaget’s cognitive theory 2. Vygotsky’s sociocultural cognitive theory 3. and Information-processing theory (Siegler)
19. JEAN PIAGET Swiss developmental psychologist and philosopher known for his epistemologicalstudies with children. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY
20. JEAN PIAGET COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY “FOUR STAGES” 1st – SENSORIMOTOR = (Birth – 2) The infant construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences w/ physical actions. 2nd – PREOPERATIONAL = (2-7) The child begins to represent the world with words and images. These words and images reflect increased symbolic thinking and go beyond connection of sensory information and physical action
21. Continuation… 3rd – CONCRETE OPERATIONAL = (7-11) The child now reason logically about concrete events and classify objects into different sets. 4th – FORMAL OPERATIONAL = (11-Adulthood) The adolescent reasons in more abstract, idealistic, and logical ways.
22. LEV VYGOTSKY was a Soviet psychologist, the founder of “SOCIOCULTURAL THEORY”
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25. ROBERT SIEGLER INFORMATION-PROCESSING THEORY This emphasizes that individuals manipulate information, monitor it, and strategize about it. He says that when individuals perceive, encode, represent, store, and retrieve information, they are thinking.
26. "BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORIES" Out of the behavioral tradition grew the belief that development is observable behavior that can be learned through experience with the environment.
27. IVAN PAVLOV Russian physiologist best known for his discovery of the “CONDITIONED REFLEX”
28. IVAN PAVLOV CLASSICAL CONDITIONING He became curios when he observed that dogs salivate to various sights and sounds before eating their food.
29. CLASSICAL CONDITIONING: After a neutral stimulus has been paired with a stimulus that automatically produces a response, that response will be elicited by the previous neutral stimulus on its own.
30. one of the most influential of American psychologists. A radical behaviorist, he developed the THEORY OF OPERANT CONDITIONING BURRHUS FREDERIC SKINNER
31. BURRHUS FREDERIC SKINNER OPERANT CONDITIONING the idea that behavior is determined by its consequences, be they reinforcements or punishments, which make it more or less likely that the behavior will occur again. Skinner believed that the only scientific approach to psychology was one that studied behaviors, not internal (subjective) mental processes. He denied the existence of a mind as a thing separate from the body.
33. is best known for his famous "Bobo Doll" experiment, but is also noted for his SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY and concept of self-efficacy. ALBERT BANDURA
34. ALBERT BANDURA SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY Holds that behavior, environment, and person/cognition are important factors of development. Focused heavily on observational learning that occurs through observing what others do.
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36. BOBO DOLL’S EXPERIMENT studying patterns of behavior associated with aggression. Bandura hoped that the experiments would prove that aggression can be explained, at least in part, by social learning theory. The theory of social learning would state that behavior such as aggression is learned through observing and imitating others.
