2. Sapir (1929)
Human beings do not live in the soceity alone.
Language of the society predispose certain
choices of interpretation about how we view the
world.

3. Whorf (1941)
We dissect nature along lines laid down by our
native languages. We categorise objects in the
scheme laid by the language and if we do not
subscribe to these classification we cannot talk
or communicate.

4.  History
 The idea was first clearly expressed by 19th
century thinkers, such as Wilhelm von
Humboldt who saw language as the
expression of the spirit of a nation. The early
20th century school of American
Anthropology headed by Franz
Boas and Edward Sapir also embraced the
idea.

6. 
a)
b)
The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis can be divided
into two basic components
Linguistic determinism:
Linguistic relativity:

7. 
One well-known example Whorf used to support his
theory was the number of words the Eskimo
Language has for ‘snow for example ‘apun’ snow
on the ground ‘qanikca’ hard snow on the qround ‘
etc.

Arabic has many words for different kinds of
camels,in Chinese there is only one term
luotuo and in English there is camel

8. 

The Whorfian perspective is that translation
between one language and another is at the
very least, problematic, and sometimes
impossible.
. One such example is of the Punjabi word
“joot.”

9.  Linguistic relativity is valid and has
influence on thought and perception.
 Language does exert great influence
on patterns of thinking and therefore
on culture
 Hopi language v/s Western languages
 Grammatical structure difference

10. Fromkin view
 , Noam Chomsky and Steven
Pinker have criticized him for not being
sufficiently clear in his formulation of
how he meant languages influences
thought, and for not providing actual
proof of his assumptions.


11. 
One of Whorf's central arguments in his paper
on language determining thought was that the
Hopi terminology for time gave the Hopi a
different and unique understanding of how time
worked, distinct from the typical Western
conception of time. Pinker (1994) argues that
Whorf had never actually met anyone from the
Hopi tribe and that, the Hopi conception of time
was not so different from the traditional Western
understanding of it.

12. 

The problem of translatability:
May not have the exact word but are able to
express their ideas and thoughts using other
words or word combination.