1. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetis Jurnalistikis specialobis III kursis studentis Tamar merabiSvilis media kvleva Temaze:<br />Pprofesiuli wera biznessa da ekonomikaSi, qarTul beWdur mediaSi<br /> <br /> 2009w.<br />2008wlis agvisto saqarTvelos istoriaSi Seva rogorc sisxlaini,cxeli omi, sadac qarTvelebi Cvenive teritoriis dabrunebas viTxovdiT,da samwuxarod jer-jerobiT ver davibruneT.omi wavageT, Tumca sainformacio omi namdvilad movigeT, romelic Tavis mxriv Zalian mniSvnelovania saqarTvelosaTvs. <br />Kkidev ufro mniSvnelovania gageba imis, Tu ra xdeba omis Semdeg saqarTveloSi da gansakuTrbiT biznesSi, ekonomikaSi, romelic faqtobrivad saxelmwifos RerZia da romlis gareSec zogadad saxelmwifo araTu ver ganviTardeba, aramed verc iarsebebs.ekonomika swavlobs imas, Tu rogor unda miiRon adamianebma gadawyvetilba.<br />Aamitom vfiqrob saintereso iqneba Tuki kvaldakval mivyvebiT biznessa da ekonomikas qarTul beWdur mediaSi.<br />Tu am kuTxiT SevxedavT problemebs, aRmovaCenT rom qarTvelebisaTvis agvistos omis Semdeg seriozuli problema Seiqmna binebis yidva-gayidvasTan da aSenebasTan dakavSirebiT.<br />Llogikurad gadaiba jaWvi da saboloo jamSi ismis mTavari kiTxva namdvilad dgas Tu ara yidva-gayidvasTan dakavSirebiT problemebi? ganviTarebis ra etapze arian dRes saqarTveloSi msxvili samSeneblo kompaniebi?ra saafrTxeebi SeiZleba moelodeT maT?da yvelaze mTavari es namdvilad agvistos omma gamoiwvia Tu msoflioSi arsebulma krizisma moaRwia Cvenamde?<br />hipoTezaa- agvistos omis Semdeg saqarTveloSi samSeneblo biznesis ganviTareba faqtobrivad SeCerda.<br />Kkvlevis mizania dadasturebul an uaryofil iqnas mocemuli hipoTeza romelic Jurnal saqarTvelos ekonomikas, “kviris palitrisa da “jorjian Taimsis” biznesis damatebebis mixedviT xorcieldeba.<br /> saqarTveloSi iseT seriozul samSeneblo kompaniebs SeeqmnaT problemebi rogoricaa: “arsi”, “centr point jgufi”,”moduli”, “teqs jgufi”, da a.S.<br />gazeT jorjian Taimsis” damatebac da Jurnali “saqarTvelos ekonomikac” statiebSi aqveynebs im faqts rom saqarTveloSi mSeneblobebi arsebiTad SeCerebulia. orive beJduri media erTi da imave faqts ukavSirebs mSeneblobis problemas.<br />“National business”-is 2009wlis 5Tebervlis nomerSi daibeWda statia sadac daiwera rom; “samSeneblo bizness problemebi Seuqmna komerciuli bankebis muSaobis Seferxebam, radgan gayidvebis lomis wili ipoTekaze, sabanko gayidvebze modioda.amitom roca bankebma, klientebs sesxis micema Seuwyvites developerebis saqmianobas SeCerda”.<br />“kviris palitris” 1-7 ivnisis damatebaSi erT-erTi msxvili developeruli kompaniis menejeris TqmiT: “samSeneblo krizisze aSkarad mowmobs uamravi gaCerebuli samSeneblo obieqti.samSeneblo kompaniebis warmomadgenlebi arc malaven, rom SarSandel imave drosTan SedarebiT, gayidva TiTqmis 90%- iT Semcirda.” <br />imave kviris palitris 31 maisis damatebaSi, qveyndeba statia saTauriT “rogor iqca iafi sesxi Zvir usiamovnebad “alioni 21”-is mflobeli ganmartavs rom: iafi sesxi ZegvSi mSenebare sawarmosTvis mogvces, sadac merqan-burbuSelovani fenebi, e.w. de-es pe unda dagvemzadebina. Pproduqciis 50% eqsportze iyo gaTvlili, magram saqme bolomde ver miviyvaneT. Tanac mSeneblobisaken aRaravin iyureba.banks mivmarTeT kreditisTvis magram ar mogvca”<br /> Jurnali “saqarTvelos ekonomika”, maisis Tvis gamoSvebaSi xalxs gamoRviZebisaken mouwodebs statiiT “gaigvize krizisia”.<br />aRsanisnavia is faqti, rom statiis avtori krizisis dawyebis ricxvs 2007 wels asaxelebs da Tan urTavs rom, agvistoSi ganviTarebuli movlenebi biznesisTvis cecxlze navTis dasxma iyo.<br />M”2007 wlis agvistoSi dawyebul msoflio kriziss erTi wlis Tavze saqarTveloSi saomari moqmedebebi daemata.aman gaamZafra msoflio krizisis garegani faqtorebis uaryofiTi zegavlena Cveni qveyana safinanso bazris uSualo monawile ar yofila.amis gamo zogierT eqsperts da mTavrobis wevrs miaCnia rom msoflio krizisis negatiuri gavlena Cvenamde ar moaRwevs.<br />Pproblema,romelic dRes Cvens winaSe dgas,dRemde aseTi sqemiT viTardeboda: samSeneblo masalebis mwarmoebelma kompaniebma, produqcia mSenebel kompaniebs miawodes, mSeneblebma garkveuli farTi auSenes developerul kompaniebs, romlebmac sesxi bankidan aiRes. Tavis mxriv bankma sesxi gasca , rogorc developerul kompaniebze, ise mosaxleobaze. Mmosaxleobam bankSi aRebuli krediti developerul kompanias misca. Bbankis vali aqvs mosaxleobas, mSeneblobis davalianeba aqvT momwodeblebs, momwodeblrbis davalianeba aqvT developerebs. Aase Camoyalibda davalianebis jaWvi. <br />Tu gavyvebiT am Tanmimdevrobas gaurkveveli iqneba finansuri momavali, Tu samSeneblo kompaniebma samSeneblo masalebis momwodeblebs da bankebs vali ver gaustumres, maT mSenebare obieqtebis gayidvis saSiSroeba emuqrebaT.<br />magaliTad kompania “nola,” romelic israelis aqtivebiT Seqmnili kompania iyo, 2004-2006 wlebSi aSenebda TiTqmis yvela did obieqts.mas saqarTvelos biujetSi Semohqonda uzarmazari Tanxebi da 2007 wels dafiqsirebulia milliard 700 milioniani mSeneblobis moculobaSi,MTumca “nola” dRes gakotrebulia.<br />“MmSenebloba realurad gaCerebulia” wers Jurnal saqarTvelos ekonomikis Jurnalisti.<br />sagulisxmoa is faqti, rom am seqtorSi dasaqmebulTa saerTo ricxvi 50 aTas adamianmde Semcirda.<br />dReisaTvis TbilisSi samseneblo kompaniebis mier arsebuli valdebulebebis 80% mde, ver sruldeba, xolo 2-3 gaTvlili mseneblobebi faqtobrivad SeCerebulia.<br />es problemebi aramxolod saqarTvelos uZravi qonebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. Aarseboben mTeli rigi Qqveynebi romlebic am seqtorSi saqarTveloze uaress dReSi arian. <br />magaliTadAazerbaijanis uZravi qonebis kvlevis asociacia acxadebs rom azrbaijanis samSeneblo sferoSi, didi vardnaa dafiqsirebuli.<br />2009 wlis pirvel kvartalSi baqos uZravi qonebis bazari 40% Semcirda. Tuki gasul wels Azerbaijanis dedaqalaqSi, uZravi qonebis bazarze 4,6 – 4,7 aTasi garigeba ideboda, wels erTi ori Senoba Tu Sedis eqsploataciaSi.<br />saqmSeneblo sfero saqarTvelos ekonomikis erT-erTi mamoZravebeli Zala iyo da unda iyos kidec momavalSi.<br />marTalia kvleva ekonomikas exeba, magram ekonomikas da zogadad, faqtobrivad yvelafers adamianebi ganageben, da Tu am sakiTxs fsiqologiuradac mivudgebiT, saWiroa ganwyoba,imisaTvis rom adamians nebismieri saqme warmatebiT gamouvides da Cvenc Tu optimisturad mivudgebiT am sakiTxs, vfiqrob yvelaferi gamova.<br />Dda marTlac moiZebnebian saqarTveloSi, adamianebi, jgufebi, romlebic SemarTebiT ganagrZoben muSaobas krizisis dros.<br />Aase magaliTad 2009 wlis 8 maiss, samSeneblo kompania “iberias” ofisSi, opic-is mier ‘iberiisaTvis” Tanxis gamoyofis Sesaxeb dokuments moewera xeli.<br />ceremoniaze opic-is warmomadgenelma kenet enjelma ganacxada : “amerikis mTavroba misi saagentos- opisis- saxiT agrZelebs saqarTvelos ekonomikis mxardaWeras, radgan saqarTvelo iTvleba erT-erT prioritetul qveynad.”<br />rac Seexeba “eqspo jorjiaSi” Catarebul me14 saerTsoriso gamofenaze romelic 20-23 miass gaimarTa 95 sagamofeno stendze warmodgenili iyo 14 qveynis 120 ze meti kompania, saqarTvelos garda- amerikidan, inglisidan, germaniidan, ukrainidan, SvedeTidan da a.S. aq qarTvel momxmarebels samSeneblo masalebisa da aqsesuarebis speqtrs sTavazobdnen.<br />optimistur talRaze ganagrZobs muSaobas “centr pointi” igi darCenil farTebs rkina-betonze cvlis, xolo momxmareblisagan Semosul Tanxas muSa-xelis anazRaurebaSi iyenebs.<br />Mmakroekonomikis profesori batoni nodar xaduris TqmiT, “krizisi didi xnis dawyebuli iyo da aq agvistos omi arafer SuaSia, metic omi rom ara ufro metad vigrZnobdiT am krizisso”.<br />National business-Si micemuli intervius dros kompania “olimpiuri varskvlavis” direqtrori, zaza razikaSvili acxadeba rom maT saxelmwifo, krizisis dros bevr rameSi exmareba; gacxadebuli iyo developerebis mier binebis Cabarebis formis Secvla, ra mkacri barieric iyo aqamde xdeba maTi gadaxedva, xdeba aseve proeqtis damtkicebis da dokumentaciis sakiTxis mogvarebis gamartiveba. Qqalaqis merma Tqva, rom eqspluataciaSi Sesvlis pirobebic martivdeba, aris saubari valebis, destruqturizaciaze,saxelmwifo gvexmareba im doneze rom awesrigebs bazas”<br />Jurnal “saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi” ki vxvdebiT Tavad saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis ministris intervius, romelic ambobs rom samSeneblo masalebi wels gacilebiT iafia, vidre momaval wels iqneba, amitom igi gvirCevs Semdegs: ‘yvelas visac saremonto Tanxa aqvs gadadebuli, an samSeneblo samuSaoebi Casatarebeli, movuwodeb rom gaiTvaliswinon- dRes samSeneblo masalebi gacilebiT iafia, vidre es momaval wels, am dros iqneba.popularul enaze rom vTqvaT krizisi unda gamoviyenoT Cvens sasargeblod.”<br />“eko palitrris”18 maisis damatebaSi SexvdebiT mokle mimoxilvas imis Taobaze, rom arqiteqturuli samSeneblo zedamxedvelobis kanoni amoqmedda, sadac cvlilebebi ZiriTadad samSeneblo obieqtebis klasifikaciasa da jarimebs Seexo.dadginda samSeneblo obieqtebis 5klsi.” pirvelSi gaerTianda 60 kvadratul metrande Seniba-nagebobebi,romrlsac samSeneblo da saeqsplutacio nebarTvisgan saerTod gaTavisuflda.nebarTvebis aRebis aucilebloba SenarCunda danarCen 4kategoriaze.”<br /> <br />Ddaskvna:<br />Sevecade Semejamebina ramdenime gazeTi da daskvna gamometana, maisis Tvis ganmavlobaSi ra iweremoda samSeneblo kompaniebis Sesaxeb. Tumca moSveliebuli maqvs “jorjian taimsis”biznes damatebis Tebervlis da ianvris nomrebi, rigi mizezebis gamo (maisSi daixura “jorjian Taimsi 24 saaTs ki bizness damateba maisis TveSi saerTod ar gamouSvia).<br />Yyvela ganxiluli beWduri saSualeba uSualod bizness exeba da TavisTavad bunebrivia iqneboda samSeneblo kompaniebze saubari, magram ratomRac velodi rom rame zedmeti an naklebi iqneboda am Temis irgvliv(rac xSirad xdeba xolme).samive gazeTSi igrZnoboda balansi, da am samidan “kviris palitrasa” da “saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi”kidev ufro, vidre “jorjian TaimsSi”.<br />rac Seexeba uSualod Temas da mis irgvliv ganviTarebul movlenebs, vfiqrob saintereso unda iyos sazogadoebisaTvis da ra Tqma unda Riac. icodes xalxma ra xdeba garSemo.<br /> hipoTeza naxevrad damtkicda, vinaidan faqtia rom mSeneblobebi faqtobrivad namdvilad SeCerebulia, Tanac aRmoCnda isic rom SeCerebuli mSeneblobebis umravlesoba ukve gayiduli iyo. Ffaqtobrivad gamodis is, rom mosaxleobis 50% haeri qonda nayidi. Aamave dros varaudoben eqspertebi rom 2009wlis miwurulisaTvis TbilisSi bevri mSenebloba daumTavrebeli darCeba da samSeneblo kompaniebis reitingSic cvlilebebi ganxorcielda.<br />SesaZlebelia vifiqroT isic, rom marto krizissa da oms ar Seuwyia xeli samSeneblo kompaniebis “senze”,sadRac gonebaSi unda davuSvaT isic rom yovel meoTxes qonda samseneblo kompania da yovel meore adamians Zalian advilad SeeZlo eyida nina sesxiT.<br />Aase rom SesaZlebelia am movlenas erTgvari “gamocda” davarqvaT, vinaidan Tu “iqmneba produqti,razec moTxovna yovelTvis arsebobs, mogebis gareSe krizisis drosac ar rCebi”.<br />Mmagram mainc mivubrundeT zemoT xsenebul sakiTxs;<br /> GRmerTis wyalobiT ar aris msoflioSi iseTi krizisi, rogoric 1929 wels iyo da imedia arc arasodes aRar iqneba.<br />varaudoben rom krizisi daiwyo realurad 2007 wels,SesaZ lebelia asec iyos an didi xnis dawyebulic iyos, ubralod axla “ifeTqa lavam”.<br />Kkrizisi exebaT iseT did saxelmwifoebs rogoricaa; aSS, Ggermania, britaneti da a.S.<br />xolo isiT ganviTareba qveyanas rogoric saqarTvelooa, Tqma unda exeba krizisi, magram ara ise, rogorc did qveynebs, msubuqad, rac Tavis mxriv mainc damangreveli iqneba CvenTvis.<br />marTalia SeCerda mSeneblobebi, rac krizisma gamoiwvia da Tan daerTo omi, romelmac welSi gawyvita yvela, magram Tuki mSeneblobis Temas mivubrundebiT is rac dasavleTSi da aSS-Si moxda saqarTveloSi ar moxdeba, radgan dasavluri krizisis safuZvlebi aq ar arsebobs. Aamitom SeuZlebelia mZime globalur krizissa da qarTul ekonomikas Soris laparaki.<br />Dda kidev erTi, ekonomikaSi yovelTvis aris aRmavlobis da daRmavlobis etapi. Orodesac wamyvani qveynebis ekonomika miaRwevs aRmavlobis bolo safexurs, ai ukve maSin iwyeba ukan- ukan svala. amitom es bunebrivi movlenaa.Tanac krizisis dros ekonomikaSi iwyeba swrafi aRmavloba.<br />sabolood hipoTeza ase Tu ise gamarTlda.<br />es aris is SemTxveva roca ver gaigeb sad iwyeba Tavi da sad aris bolo, vinaidan yvelaferi jaWuradaa gadabmuli.yvela patara detaili amagrebs did saqmes.<br />rogorc aRmoCnda miuxedavad msoflio krizisisa saqarTvelos msxvili kompaniebis generaluri direqtorebi da marketingis menejerebi pesimisturad ar arian ganwyobilni cdiloben gamosavali ipovon rac Tavs mxriv kargia imisaTvis rom saqarTveloSi ekonomikam da biznesma kvlav povos ganviTareba. <br />