Helping More Teachers Discover Your Digital Resources

Helping More Teachers
Discover Your Digital Resources
American Alliance of Museums Annual Meeting
Atlanta, Georgia
April 28, 2015
Darren Milligan
Senior Digital Strategist
Smithsonian Center for Learning and Digital Access
Smithsonian Institution
@darrenmilligan
Melissa Wadman
Manager of Program Evaluation
Smithsonian Center for Learning and Digital Access
Smithsonian Institution
@melwad

This Afternoon
Why Digital?
Metadata Creation:
Learning Resource Metadata Initiative
Metadata Distribution: Learning Registry
Case Study: Smithsonian
Case Study: ArtNC
How to Create a Metadata Project

Source: Frontline Design, http://www.frontlinedesign.org/project/night-at-the-museum-2-battle-of-the-smithsonian

Image from Flickr user Mike Procario,
https://www.flickr.com/photos/procario/11060000573/, used under a CC BY-ND 2.0license.

Smithsonian, in 2014:
19 Museums and Galleries & National Zoo

137.7M Museums Objects & Specimens
1.9M Library Volumes
136,194 Cubic feet of archival material

6,373 Employees
721 Research Fellows
9,817 Volunteers

6,373 Employees
721 Research Fellows
9,817 Volunteers
26.7M Physical Visitors
99M Digital (Website) Visitors

1995
23.6 million physical visits to museums
72,942 digital visits

1995
2014
99 million digital visits

1995
2014
99 million digital visits
Physical: 26,700,000-23,600,000 /
23,600,000 X 100 = 13.16% increase
Digital: 99,000,000-72,942 / 72,942 X 100
= 135,624.27% increase

Audience Participation Time
Image adapted from the Department of Education,
http://www.flickr.com/photos/departmentofed/9602545478/, used under a CC BY 2.0 license.

Pew Research Teachers Survey Report
February 2013
(i.e. Internet Highly Useful to Teachers)
92%: Internet has “major impact” on their ability to
access content, resources, and materials
90%: use search engines to find info
84%: use Internet weekly to find content that will
engage students
80%: use Internet weekly to help them create
lessons

Pew Research Teachers Survey Report
February 2013
(i.e. Internet Highly Frustrating to Use)
83%: teachers agree that “amount of info online
today is overwhelming for most students”
71%: teachers agree that “digital tech discourage
students from finding and using a wide variety of
sources for their research”
60%: teachers agree that “digital tech makes it
harder for students to find and use credible sources
of information”

LRMI Educators Survey Report
August 2013 Update
44%: search online several times a week
31%: search online daily
65%: report “irrelevant results”
87%: more satisfied if they could filter

Survey responses from educators indicating the relative importance of descriptive metadata for learning resources (LRMI Survey Report August 2013 Update, Ease and
Discoverability: Educators and Publishers on the Search for Educational Content).
How Can We Make Search Easier?

Image : Potato salad, by Flickr user Andrew Tseng , used under a CC CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 license.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/arvidnn/7287171294

Image: Arugula Potato Salad, by Flickr user Megan Myers, used under a CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 license,
https://www.flickr.com/photos/sunlitrain/3871786130

Image courtesy: Michael Jay, Educational Systemics; originally from steamykitchen.com Warm Bacon Potato Salad Recipe ,
http://steamykitchen.com/18741-warm-bacon-potato-salad-recipe.html

LRMI Properties
General Terms (schema.org)
• title/name
• URL
• description
• image
• about
• created (date)
• Creator
• Publisher
• inLanguage
• useRightsUrl
• isBasedOnUrl

LRMI Properties
Educational Terms
• educationalRole
• educationalUse
• timeRequired
• typicalAgeRange
• interactivityType
• learningResourceType

LRMI Properties
Competency-related Terms
• educationalAlignment
• educationalFramework
• AlignmentType
• targetDescription
• targetName
• targetURL

Now That We’ve Tagged
Our Learning Resources,
How Do We Share
the Metadata?

LE
LRMILearning Registry Learning Resource
Aggregators
Image adapted from the Learning Registry,
http://www.learningregistry.org

Image adapted from the Learning Registry Technical Specification,
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1msnZC6RU9N72Omau0F4FNBO5YCU6hZrG1kKRs_z42Mc/edit?hl=en_GB

Image: Newspaper clipping via: http://www.fodey.com/generators/newspaper/snippet.asp

Learning Resource Metadata Initiative
Project and Evaluation (2014–2015)
Smithsonian produced educationally-relevant metadata for
2,500 Smithsonian learning resources, distributed the
metadata via the Learning Registry, and built capacity for
Smithsonian educators and content creators to develop
metadata as they publish new digital learning resources.
The goals of the Smithsonian LRMI project are to:
• Develop and publish metadata required to fully describe
the existing Smithsonian learning resources
• Evaluate the impact of LRMI metadata on the
discoverability, analysis, and use of Smithsonian
learning resources

based on The Content Developers Guide to the Learning Resource Metadata Initiative and Learning Registry, 2013

What Did the Metadata
Look Like Before LRMI?
txtID
txtTitle
txtDescription
txtType
musName
webaddr
Keywords
Standards Alignment
Subject(s)
Grade(s)

What Did the Metadata
Look Like Before LRMI?
txtID 2072
txtTitle Smithsonian in Your Classroom:
World War II on the Home Front: Civic Responsibility
txtDescription Lesson based on posters that encouraged American citizens
to contribute to the war effort. Students consider the
importance of volunteerism in a free society.
txtType Lesson Plans
musName Smithsonian Center for Learning and Digital Access
webaddr http://www.smithsonianeducation.org/educators/…
Keywords Citizenship, Liberty, Propaganda, Primary Sources, wwii
Standards Alignment http://www.smithsonianeducation.org/educators/resourc/…
Subject(s) Wars, World War II
Grade(s) 4–8, 9–12

What Does the Metadata
Look Like Now?
txtTitle (Name)
txtID
txtDescription (Description)
MusName (Publisher)
Web Address (URL)
status
Keyword(s)
Standards Alignment
about (subjects)
TypicalAgeRange (Grade)
dateCreated
alignmentType
educationalRole
educationalUse
inLanguage
learningResourceType
interactivityType
timeRequired
useRightsUrl
accessibilityAPI
accessibilityControl
accessibilityFeature
accessibilityHazard
access Mode
educationalAlignment

Look Like Now?
txtTitle (Name) Smithsonian in Your Classroom: World War II on the Home Front: Civic Responsibility
txtID 2072
txtDescription (Description) Lesson based on posters that encouraged American citizens to contribute to the war effort... MusName
(Publisher) Smithsonian Center for Learning and Digital Access
Web Address (URL) http://www.smithsonianeducation.org/educators/lesson_plans/civic_responsibility/index.html
status Live
Keyword(s) global sound, folkways
Standards Alignment http://www.smithsonianeducation.org/educators/resource_library/stand…
about (subjects) Citizenship, Liberty, Propaganda, Primary Sources, wwii
TypicalAgeRange (Grade) 8-10, 10-12, 12-14, 14-16, 16-18
dateCreated 2007
alignmentType Teaches
educationalRole Teacher, Student
educationalUse Discussion/Debate, Guided questions, Introduction, Reading, Visual/Spatial
inLanguage English
learningResourceType Lesson Plan
interactivityType Mixed
timeRequired PT4H
useRightsUrl http://www.si.edu/termsofuse/
accessibilityAPI
accessibilityControl fullMouseControl
accessibilityFeature structuralNavigation, tableOfContents
accessibilityHazard noFlashingHazard, noMotionSimulationHazard, noSoundHazard
access Modetextual, visual
educationalAlignment CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.1.1, CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.1.2, CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.1.3, CCSS.ELA-
Literacy.RI.1.6, CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.1.7, CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.1.8, CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.1.10, CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RF.1.4a,
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.1.8, CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.1.1a, CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.1.1b, CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.2.1, CCSS.ELA-
Literacy.RI.2.2, CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.2.3, CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.2.5, CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.2.8, CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.2.10,

Look Like on Your Websites?

<meta property="schema:name" content="Smithsonian in Your Classroom: World War II on the Home Front: Civic Responsibility" />
meta property="schema:description" content=" Lesson based on posters that encouraged American citizens to contribute to the war effort. Students consider the importance of volunteerism in a
free society." />
<meta property="schema:learningResourceType" content="On-Line, Other" />
<meta property="schema:publisher" content="Smithsonian Center for Learning and Digital Access" />
meta property="schema:url" content="http://www.smithsonianeducation.org/educators/lesson_plans/civic_responsibility/index.html" />
<meta property="schema:keywords" content="Citizenship, Liberty, Propaganda, Primary Sources, wwii" />
<meta property="schema:educationalAlignment" content="http://www.smithsonianeducation.org/educators/resource_library/standards_of_learning_sel.asp?state=-1&grade=-
1&loid=2072" />
<meta property="schema:typicalAgeRange" content="8-10, 10-12, 12-14, 14-16, 16-18" />
<meta property="schema:educationalRole" content="Student, Teacher" />
<meta property="schema:educationalUse" content="Discussion/Debate, Guided questions, Introduction, Reading, Visual/Spatial" />
<meta property="schema:inLanguage" content="English" />
<meta property="schema:interactivityType" content="Mixed" />
<meta property="schema:timeRequired" content="PT4H" />
<meta property="schema:license" content="http://www.si.edu/termsofuse/" />
<meta property="schema:accessibilityControl" content="fullMouseControl" />
<meta property="schema:accessibilityFeature" content="structuralNavigation, tableOfContents" />
<meta property="schema:accessibilityHazard" content="noFlashingHazard, noMotionSimulationHazard, noSoundHazard" />
<meta property="schema:accessMode" content="textual, visual" />
<meta property="schema:targetDescription" content="Ask and answer questions about key details in a text." />

<meta property="schema:targetDescription" content="Identify the main topic and retell key details of a text." />

<meta property="schema:targetDescription" content="Describe the connection between two individuals, events, ideas, or pieces of information in a text." />

What Could the Metadata
Look Like on Other Websites?

Train and Share
● Training Workshops
● Training Google Hangout
● LRMI Guide
● How-to Infographic for Museums

Evaluation: Methodology/Sample
56 classroom educator participants (from across the U.S.
and recruited through an external firm) in this study
completed the first two of following activities:
• Phase One: Online Survey
• Phase Two: Webpage Analysis
• Phase Three: Web Analytics

Results: Online Survey
Only a handful of the participants were familiar with LRMI,
having heard about it from “our school librarian” or “at a
teachers’ conference.” Almost all of the participants
projected that educator specific tags would increase their
search satisfaction and increase the likelihood they would
use the materials.
Which educator specific tags were ranked most relevant:
• Grade level
• Content/subject area
• Alignment to standards

Results: Webpage Analysis
Majority primarily use Google to search for digital learning
resources several times a week, if not almost every day.
Less than one half of educators consider their searches
successful. Irrelevant results, lack of educator specific
filters, and time consumption are the factors leading to
search failure.
Participants found search and analysis to be most useful
when these metadata fields are visible:
• Content/subject area
• Grade level
• Source

ArtNC.org
North Carolina Museum of Art, 2012
Arts integration program for K–12 teachers
Professional Development Tool
● Concept Explorer
● Teach teachers how to connect works of art to to their
lessons across disciplines by creating concept maps
Resources
● Collection info for NCMA’s most teachable works
of art
● 60 model lesson plans

ArtNC and LRMI
Heard about it on Twitter, proposed it to the project
director and developers, implemented in a content and
development update cycle (within their website content
management system).
Why?
Make Model Lesson Plans as findable and usable as
possible for aggregators. Easier than going out and
adding manually.
How?
Adjusted existing fields of lesson plans to better fit LRMI
terms. Added a new dropdown field to Drupal CMS for
“group type.” Added LRMI tags to the template code.

ArtNC and LRMI
Result
All subsequent Lesson Plans have embedded LRMI tags
without any extra effort.
ROI?
Hard to tell. Site traffic and community size have
experienced healthy growth.
Would we do it again?
Yep. It’s the right thing to do.

Audience Participation Time, Part II
Image adapted from the Department of Education,
http://www.flickr.com/photos/departmentofed/9602545478/, used under a CC BY 2.0 license.

Recommendations
Museum educators can
• Create LRMI metadata for their existing resources.
• Work with Web staff to embed LRMI metadata on resource
HTML pages.
• Develop LRMI for emerging resources as they are developed.
Museum technologists can
• Assist museum educators in utilizing tagger tools.
• Work with museum education staff to embed LRMI metadata
on resource HTML pages.
• Publish LRMI metadata to the Learning Registry.
• Play an active role in the LRMI and the Learning Registry
communities to ensure that the needs of their institutions are
well represented as these initiatives continue to develop and
mature.

Thanks!
Helping More Teachers Discover Your Digital Resources
Learn More: bit.ly/edumetadata
American Alliance of Museums Annual Meeting
Atlanta, Georgia
April 28, 2015
Smithsonian Center for Learning and Digital Access, Smithsonian Institution
Darren Milligan / @darrenmilligan
Melissa Wadman / @melwad
To learn more about the ArtNC LRMI Project
Chad Weinard / @caw_
(currently Balboa Park Online Collaborative)
Ashley Weinard / @eduseum
(currently museum education consultant)

Helping More Teachers Discover Your Digital Resources

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