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3. An interactive article
spin ‘‘flip’’ is accompanied by a nuclear spin
with mI 1. The change in Bnuc associated
s flip-flop transition is along the direction of exter-
, taking into account the positive nuclear g factors
nd As [2]. The cyclic repetition of the transition
to T can thereby lead to a finite time-averaged
ented along the external field.
value of detuning where the S-T anticrossing
denoted [see Fig. 1(b)], is a sensitive function
for jBtotj 80 mT, providing a straightforward
f measuring Bnuc within that range. To calibrate
surement, the dependence of on external field
de B0 is measured using the pulse sequence shown
(c): The 0; 2 S state is first prepared at point P. A
zed singlet in (1,1) is created by moving to point S
g S) via point P0. The system is held at point S for
S T2 then moved to point M and held there for
est part of the cycle. The sequence is then repeated.
S , rapid mixing of S and T states occurs.
he system is moved to point M, the (1,1) charge
l return to (0,2) only if the separated spins are in a
onfiguration. The probability of being in the sin-
e after time S thus appears as charge signal—the
ce between the (1,1) and (0,2) charge states—
by measuring the time-averaged QPC conduc-
S [see Fig. 1(a)]. Figure 1(c) shows gS as a function
nd VR with this pulse sequence applied. The field
nce of this signal is shown in Fig. 1(d), which plots
rated singlet state probability, PS, as a function of
and electron Zeeman energies would prevent flip-flop pro-
cesses [23].
We begin by examining the statistical polarization se-
quence shown in Fig. 2(a). We first measure PS as a
function of B0 and S, with S 100 ns, P 300 ns,
P0 100 ns, M 32 s. These data, shown in Fig. 3(a),
map out the S-T anticrossing in the limit of minimal
measurement induced polarization (polarization is negli-
gible for M > 30 s, as will be shown below). A steady-
state nuclear polarization at B0 24 mT results in a shift
in the position of , depending on the measurement time
M, which determines the cycle period [Fig. 3(b)]. As M
decreases, the position of moves to larger values of
detuning, indicating an increase in the average Bnuc. For
M > 30 s, the value of saturates to its unpolarized
value. Values for Bnuc M can be extracted from calibrat-
Adiabatic nuclear polarizationProbabilistic nuclear polarization
Rapid Adiabatic Passage
Slow Adiabatic Passage
Prepare Singlet
Rapid Adiabatic Passage, S-T+ evolution
PS
Prepare Singlet
t= S
t=0
Rapid Adiabatic Passage, Projection
a) b)
t= S
t=0
1-PS
Energy
(0,2)S
0
(0,2)S T0
T+
T-Energy
(0,2)S
0
(0,2)S T0
T+
T-
Energy
(0,2)S
0
(0,2)S T0
T+
T-
Energy
(0,2)S
0
(0,2)S T0
T+
T-
Energy
(0,2)S
0
(0,2)S T0
T+
T-
S
Energy
(0,2)S
0
(0,2)S T0
T+
T-
F
FIG. 2 (color online). (a) Probabilistic nuclear polarization
sequence. (b) Adiabatic nuclear polarization sequence (see text).
ability diagram (see text). The bright signal at point M
parallel to the 0 line is a result of Pauli-blocked
0; 2 charge transitions and reflects S-T mixing at
(d) PS S 200 ns as a function of S and B0. The
endent ‘‘spin funnel’’ corresponds to the S-T anti-
position, S .
067601-2
https://plot.ly/~alex/484
6. EXTRAS
Sources
Ice cream plants
Quandl:USDANASS/NASS_ICECREAMPRODUCTIONMEASUREDINPLANTS
Ice cream gallons
Quandl:USDANASS/NASS_ICECREAMPRODUCTIONMEASUREDINGALLONS
US population
Quandl:MWORTH/0_3
Extras
AJPM: Ice Cream Illusions - Wansink et al. 2006
IC_dynamics.py
Alex Johnson Dataverse: I scream, you scream!
Sourced by
JackParmer: Ice cream trend analysis
JackParmer: The golden age of ice cream
MattSundquist: Global ice cream demand
The data and analysis network