Layman's Talk: Entities of Interest --- Discovery in Digital Traces

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The document outlines a program that includes a committee grilling a speaker at 10:00, the committee retreating afterwards, a ceremony at 10:15, and a reception downstairs from 11:00 to 12:30.

Sciences

Program
Layman’s talk
Committee comes
and grills me
Committee  
retreats
Ceremony
Reception
downstairs
10:00
10:15 
11:00 
~11:15
~11:30—  
12:30

Entities of Interest
Discovery in Digital Traces

Entities of Interest
Discovery in Digital Traces
Object of study

Entities of Interest
Discovery in Digital Traces
Object of study
Task

Entities of Interest
Discovery in Digital Traces
Object of study
Task Domain

• Gain new insights/discover new information
Entities of Interest
Discovery in Digital Traces

• Gain new insights/discover new information
• Answer questions: Who was involved? What
happened? Where, when and why did it
happen?
Entities of Interest
Discovery in Digital Traces

Entities of Interest
Discovery in Digital Traces
• “Things with distinct and independent
existence”

Entities of Interest
Discovery in Digital Traces
• “Things with distinct and independent
existence”
• Real-world entities central to answering 5
W’s.

Challenges
• Language is “noisy”
• “Big Data”

Methods
• Information Retrieval
• Searching & ﬁnding things

Methods
• Information Retrieval
• Searching & ﬁnding things
• Natural Language Processing

Methods
• Information Retrieval
• Searching & ﬁnding things
• Natural Language Processing
• (automated) ’understanding’ of language

Methods
• Information Retrieval
• Searching & ﬁnding things
• Natural Language Processing
• (automated) ’understanding’ of language
• Machine Learning

Two types of  
Entities of Interest
Part 1: Entities in digital traces

Two types of  
Entities of Interest
Part 1: Entities in digital traces
• Content/data

Two types of  
Entities of Interest
Part 1: Entities in digital traces
• Content/data
Part 2: Entities that produce digital traces

Two types of  
Entities of Interest
Part 1: Entities in digital traces
• Content/data
Part 2: Entities that produce digital traces
• Context/metadata

Part I
Part 1: Entities in digital traces

Part I
Part 1: Emerging Entities in digital traces

Wikipedia Page CreatedFirst mention
Are there common temporal patterns in
how entities emerge in online text streams?

Wikipedia Page CreatedFirst mention
Are there common temporal patterns in
how entities emerge in online text streams?Yes!

Can we leverage prior knowledge of entities
to bootstrap the discovery of new entities?

Can we leverage prior knowledge of entities
to bootstrap the discovery of new entities?
Yes!

*****
Can we leverage collective intelligence to
construct entity representations for in-
creased retrieval effectiveness of entities
of interest?

Part II
Entities of Interest: Producers of digital traces

Part II
Entities of Interest: Producers of digital traces
Aim: Study and predict real-world activity from
digital traces

Part II
Entities of Interest: Producers of digital traces
Aim: Study and predict real-world activity from
digital traces
Two case-studies

d.p.graus@uva.nl z.ren@uva.nl
derijke@uva.nl

d.p.graus@uva.nl z.ren@uva.nl
derijke@uva.nl
Can we predict email communication
through modeling email content and
communication graph properties?

Creation times Notification times
Creation times Notification times

Creation times Notification times
Creation times Notification times
Can we identify patterns in the times at
which people create reminders, and, via
notiﬁcation times, when the associated
tasks are to be executed?

In Summary
• Part 1: 
We propose methods for analyzing, predicting,
and retrieving emerging entities
• Part 2: 
We propose methods for predicting future
activity by leveraging digital traces.

Program
Committee comes
and grills me
Committee  
retreats
Ceremony
Reception
downstairs
10:15 
11:00 
~11:15
~11:30—  
12:30

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anilsa9823

The primary distinction between a test cross and a backcross is that a test cross is used to determine the genotype of a phenotypically dominant individual, whereas a backcross is used to recover a dominant genotype from a parent who has an extreme genotype. The hybrids that are backcrossed are known as 'BC' hybrids. For example, a BC1 hybrid is an F1 hybrid that was crossed with one of its parents or a genetically similar species. The BC2 hybrid is defined as a BC1 hybrid that has been crossed with the same parent or genetically similar species. Other instances include backcrossing in animals. A system of breeding in which repeated backcrosses are made to transfer a specific character to a well-adapted variety for which the variety is deficient is referred to as backcross breeding This approach is infrequently utilized in vegetatively propagated crops such as sugarcane and potatoes, and only with slight alterations. A test cross is a genetic technique for determining an unknown genotype in a dominant person. It is a breeding procedure in which a (known genotype) homozygous recessive individual is paired with an individual of the opposite mating type who has an unknown dominant genotype. The phenotypic characteristics of the resulting children are investigated, and the genotype of the examined individual is determined appropriately. If all of the progeny from the test cross are dominant, we may conclude that the genotype of the tested unknown person is homozygous dominant. If 50% of kids exhibit dominant traits and the remaining 50% exhibit recessive traits, we may conclude that the genotype of the tested unknown individual is heterozygous dominant. #genetics #backcross #testcross #mendel #crosses #monohybridtestcross #backcrossandtestcross #typesofcross #dihybridtestcross #limitationsofcross #applicationsofcross #mscbotany #botany

DIFFERENCE IN BACK CROSS AND TEST CROSS

LeenakshiTyagi

Recombination DNA Technology (Nucleic Acid Hybridization )

aarthirajkumar25

Green chemistry and Sustainable development.pptx

RajatChauhan518211

We explore different scenarios to explain the chemical difference found in the remarkable giant-giant binary system HD138202+CD−3012303. For the first time, we suggest how to distinguish these scenarios by taking advantage of the extensive convective envelopes of giant stars. Methods. We carried out a high-precision determination of stellar parameters and abundances by applying a full line-by-line differential analysis on GHOST high-resolution spectra. We used the FUNDPAR program with ATLAS12 model atmospheres and specific opacities calculated for an arbitrary composition through a doubly iterated method. Physical parameters were estimated with the isochrones package and evolutionary tracks were calculated via MIST models. Results. We found a significant chemical difference between the two stars (∆[Fe/H]∼0.08dex), which is largely unexpected considering the insensitivity of giant stars to planetary ingestion and diffusion effects. We tested the possibility of engulfment events by using several different combinations of stellar mass, ingested mass, metallicity of the engulfed object and different convective envelopes. However, the planetary ingestion scenario does not seem to explain the observed differences. For the first time, we distinguished the source of chemical differences using a giant-giant binary system. By ruling out other possible scenarios such as planet formation and evolutionary effects between the two stars, we suggest that primordial inhomogeneities might explain the observed differences. This remarkable result implies that the metallicity differences that were observed in at least some main-sequence binary systems might be related to primordial inhomogeneities rather than engulfment events. We also discuss the important implications of finding primordial inhomogeneities, which affect chemical tagging and other fields such as planet formation. We strongly encourage the use of giantgiant pairs. They are a relevant complement to main-sequence pairs for determining the origin of the observed chemical differences in multiple systems.

Disentangling the origin of chemical differences using GHOST

Sérgio Sacani

Context. Determining the size distribution of asteroids is key to understanding the collisional history and evolution of the inner Solar System. Aims. We aim to improve our knowledge of the size distribution of small asteroids in the main belt by determining the parallaxes of newly detected asteroids in the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) archive and subsequently their absolute magnitudes and sizes. Methods. Asteroids appear as curved trails in HST images because of the parallax induced by the fast orbital motion of the spacecraft. Taking into account the trajectory of this latter, the parallax effect can be computed to obtain the distance to the asteroids by fitting simulated trajectories to the observed trails. Using distance, we can obtain the absolute magnitude of an object and an estimation of its size assuming an albedo value, along with some boundaries for its orbital parameters. Results. In this work, we analyse a set of 632 serendipitously imaged asteroids found in the ESA HST archive. Images were captured with the ACS/WFC and WFC3/UVIS instruments. A machine learning algorithm (trained with the results of a citizen science project) was used to detect objects in these images as part of a previous study. Our raw data consist of 1031 asteroid trails from unknown objects, not matching any entries in the Minor Planet Center (MPC) database using their coordinates and imaging time. We also found 670 trails from known objects (objects featuring matching entries in the MPC). After an accuracy assessment and filtering process, our analysed HST asteroid set consists of 454 unknown objects and 178 known objects. We obtain a sample dominated by potential main belt objects featuring absolute magnitudes (H) mostly between 15 and 22 mag. The absolute magnitude cumulative distribution logN(H > H0) ∝ αlog(H0) confirms the previously reported slope change for 15 < H < 18, from α ≈ 0.56 to α ≈ 0.26, maintained in our case down to absolute magnitudes of around H ≈ 20, and therefore expanding the previous result by approximately two magnitudes. Conclusions. HST archival observations can be used as an asteroid survey because the telescope pointings are statistically randomly oriented in the sky and cover long periods of time. They allow us to expand the current best samples of astronomical objects at no extra cost in regard to telescope time.

Hubble Asteroid Hunter III. Physical properties of newly found asteroids

Sérgio Sacani

Cotton crops are vulnerable to a variety of sucking pests, which can severely impact plant health, yield, and fiber quality. These pests primarily feed on plant sap, extracting nutrients directly from the plant's vascular system. Here's a breakdown of some of the most significant sucking pests in cotton cultivation: Aphids: Cotton aphids or melon aphids can cause direct damage by sucking sap and indirect damage by secreting honeydew, which encourages sooty mold growth. This can interfere with photosynthesis and weaken the plant. Aphids can also transmit viral diseases. Whiteflies: Two species, the silverleaf whitefly and the bandedwinged whitefly, are particularly troublesome. They not only suck sap from the underside of leaves, causing yellowing and leaf drop, but their honeydew excretion promotes sooty mold and they can transmit several plant viruses. Thrips: While thrips can chew on plants, their primary damage to cotton is through sucking. They attack the cotton plant during its seedling stage, which can stunt growth and reduce vigor. Thrips are also capable of transmitting the Cotton Bud disease. Spider Mites: These are not insects but arachnids. Spider mites, such as the two-spotted spider mite, suck cell contents from the leaves, leading to speckled discoloration and potentially significant leaf loss if infestations are severe. Leafhoppers: Including various species, leafhoppers can cause direct damage through feeding, which results in leaf curling and stunted growth. They can also be vectors for plant diseases. Mealybugs: These pests are less common but can be problematic, especially in clustered planting conditions. They suck sap and secrete honeydew, which leads to sooty mold. Mealybugs can also spread viruses. Stink Bugs: Although primarily known for their chewing mouthparts, certain stink bugs can cause damage similar to sucking pests by injecting saliva into the plant and sucking out nutrients, leading to boll damage and stained lint. Management Strategies: Cultural Controls: This includes practices such as crop rotation, using resistant varieties, and managing planting and harvesting times to avoid peak pest populations. Biological Controls: Beneficial insects like lady beetles, lacewings, and predatory mites can naturally control sucking pest populations. Parasitic wasps also play a role in controlling aphid and whitefly populations. Chemical Controls: Insecticides may be used but should be chosen carefully to minimize resistance development and preserve beneficial insects. Systemic insecticides can be particularly effective against sucking pests. Integrated Pest Management (IPM): Combining multiple control strategies based on monitoring and thresholds to apply the most effective and environmentally sensitive approach. Effective management of sucking pests in cotton requires a thorough understanding of the pest species present, their life cycles, and the ecological balance of the field environment.

Pests of cotton_Sucking_Pests_Dr.UPR.pdf

PirithiRaju

CELL -Structural and Functional unit of life.pdf

Nistarini College, Purulia (W.B) India

Spermiogenesis or Spermateleosis or metamorphosis of spermatid

Sarthak Sekhar Mondal

Biopesticide (2).pptx .This slides helps to know the different types of biop...

RohitNehra6

RecoveringancientrecordsofEarth'smagneticfieldisessentialfordeterminingtheroleofthemagnetosphereinprotectingearlyEarthfromcosmicradiationandatmosphericescape.WepresentpaleomagneticfieldtestshintingthatarecordofEarth's3.7‐billion‐year(Ga)oldmagneticfieldmaybepreservedinthenortheasternIsuaSupracrustalBeltasachemicalremanentmagnetizationacquiredduringamphibolite‐grademetamorphisminthebandedironformation.MultiplepetrologicalandgeochronologicallinesofevidenceindicatethatthenorthernmostpartofIsuahasnotexperiencedmetamorphictemperaturesexceeding380°CsincetheEoarchean,suggestingtherockshavenotbeensignificantlyheatedsincemagnetizationwasacquired.Weuse“pseudo”bakedcontacttests(intrusionsemplaced3.26–3.5Gaago)andafoldtest(folding3.6Gaago)todemonstratethatsomesamplespreserveaca.3.7Garecordofthemagneticfield.Werecoverafieldstrengthof>15μT.ThissuggeststhatEarth'smagneticfieldmayhavebeenweakenoughtoenhanceatmosphericescapeduringtheArchean

PossibleEoarcheanRecordsoftheGeomagneticFieldPreservedintheIsuaSupracrustalBe...

Sérgio Sacani

fundamental of entomology all in one topics of entomology

DrAnita Sharma

Understanding circumstellar disks is of prime importance in astrophysics, however, their birth process remains poorly constrained due to observational and numerical challenges. Recent numerical works have shown that the small-scale physics, often wrapped into a sub-grid model, play a crucial role in disk formation and evolution. This calls for a combined approach in which both the protostar and circumstellar disk are studied in concert. Aims. We aim to elucidate the small scale physics and constrain sub-grid parameters commonly chosen in the literature by resolving the star-disk interaction. Methods. We carry out a set of very high resolution 3D radiative-hydrodynamics simulations that self-consistently describe the collapse of a turbulent dense molecular cloud core to stellar densities. We study the birth of the protostar, the circumstellar disk, and its early evolution (< 6 yr after protostellar formation). Results. Following the second gravitational collapse, the nascent protostar quickly reaches breakup velocity and sheds its surface material, thus forming a hot (∼ 103 K), dense, and highly flared circumstellar disk. The protostar is embedded within the disk, such that material can flow without crossing any shock fronts. The circumstellar disk mass quickly exceeds that of the protostar, and its kinematics are dominated by self-gravity. Accretion onto the disk is highly anisotropic, and accretion onto the protostar mainly occurs through material that slides on the disk surface. The polar mass flux is negligible in comparison. The radiative behavior also displays a strong anisotropy, as the polar accretion shock is shown to be supercritical whereas its equatorial counterpart is subcritical. We also f ind a remarkable convergence of our results with respect to initial conditions. Conclusions. These results reveal the structure and kinematics in the smallest spatial scales relevant to protostellar and circumstellar disk evolution. They can be used to describe accretion onto regions commonly described by sub-grid models in simulations studying larger scale physics.

Formation of low mass protostars and their circumstellar disks

Sérgio Sacani

Unlocking the Potential: Deep dive into ocean of Ceramic Magnets.pptx

anandsmhk

A botany file is similar to a chemistry practical file but specifically focuses on experiments and observations related to plants. It typically includes detailed descriptions of plant-related experiments, such as germination studies, growth experiments, tissue culture techniques, plant anatomy investigations, and ecological surveys. The file may contain records of plant specimens collected, their classification, characteristics, and ecological significance. Additionally, it may include diagrams, photographs, drawings, tables, and data analysis related to plant research. Like a chemistry practical file, a botany file serves as a documentation of practical work conducted in the field of botany and is often used for assessment and educational purposes.

Botany 4th semester file By Sumit Kumar yadav.pdf

Sumit Kumar yadav

Presentation Vikram Lander by Vedansh Gupta.pptx

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DIFFERENCE IN BACK CROSS AND TEST CROSS

Recombination DNA Technology (Nucleic Acid Hybridization )

Green chemistry and Sustainable development.pptx

Disentangling the origin of chemical differences using GHOST

Hubble Asteroid Hunter III. Physical properties of newly found asteroids

Pests of cotton_Sucking_Pests_Dr.UPR.pdf

CELL -Structural and Functional unit of life.pdf

Spermiogenesis or Spermateleosis or metamorphosis of spermatid

Biopesticide (2).pptx .This slides helps to know the different types of biop...

PossibleEoarcheanRecordsoftheGeomagneticFieldPreservedintheIsuaSupracrustalBe...

fundamental of entomology all in one topics of entomology

Formation of low mass protostars and their circumstellar disks

Unlocking the Potential: Deep dive into ocean of Ceramic Magnets.pptx

Botany 4th semester file By Sumit Kumar yadav.pdf

Presentation Vikram Lander by Vedansh Gupta.pptx

Layman's Talk: Entities of Interest --- Discovery in Digital Traces

1. Program Layman’s talk Committee comes and grills me Committee   retreats Ceremony Reception downstairs 10:00 10:15  11:00  ~11:15 ~11:30—   12:30 

4. Entities of Interest

5. Entities of Interest Discovery in Digital Traces

6. Entities of Interest Discovery in Digital Traces Object of study

7. Entities of Interest Discovery in Digital Traces Object of study Task

8. Entities of Interest Discovery in Digital Traces Object of study Task Domain

9. Entities of Interest Discovery in Digital Traces

10. Entities of Interest Discovery in Digital Traces

11. Entities of Interest Discovery in Digital Traces

12. Entities of Interest Discovery in Digital Traces

13. Entities of Interest Discovery in Digital Traces

14. Entities of Interest Discovery in Digital Traces

15. Entities of Interest Discovery in Digital Traces

16. • Gain new insights/discover new information Entities of Interest Discovery in Digital Traces

17. • Gain new insights/discover new information • Answer questions: Who was involved? What happened? Where, when and why did it happen? Entities of Interest Discovery in Digital Traces

18. • Gain new insights/discover new information • Answer questions: Who was involved? What happened? Where, when and why did it happen? Entities of Interest Discovery in Digital Traces

19. Entities of Interest Discovery in Digital Traces

20. Entities of Interest Discovery in Digital Traces • “Things with distinct and independent existence”

21. Entities of Interest Discovery in Digital Traces • “Things with distinct and independent existence” • Real-world entities central to answering 5 W’s.

22. Entities of Interest Discovery in Digital Traces • “Things with distinct and independent existence” • Real-world entities central to answering 5 W’s.

23. Entities of Interest Discovery in Digital Traces • “Things with distinct and independent existence” • Real-world entities central to answering 5 W’s.

24. Challenges

25. Challenges • Language is “noisy”

26. Challenges • Language is “noisy” • “Big Data”

27. Methods

28. Methods • Information Retrieval

29. Methods • Information Retrieval • Searching & ﬁnding things

30. Methods • Information Retrieval • Searching & ﬁnding things • Natural Language Processing

31. Methods • Information Retrieval • Searching & ﬁnding things • Natural Language Processing • (automated) ’understanding’ of language

32. Methods • Information Retrieval • Searching & ﬁnding things • Natural Language Processing • (automated) ’understanding’ of language • Machine Learning

33. Methods • Information Retrieval • Searching & ﬁnding things • Natural Language Processing • (automated) ’understanding’ of language • Machine Learning • Using programs that ‘learn’ to do something

34.

35. Two types of   Entities of Interest

36. Two types of   Entities of Interest Part 1: Entities in digital traces

37. Two types of   Entities of Interest Part 1: Entities in digital traces • Content/data

38. Two types of   Entities of Interest Part 1: Entities in digital traces • Content/data Part 2: Entities that produce digital traces

39. Two types of   Entities of Interest Part 1: Entities in digital traces • Content/data Part 2: Entities that produce digital traces • Context/metadata

40. Part I Part 1: Entities in digital traces

41. Part I Part 1: Emerging Entities in digital traces

42.

43.

44. First mention

45. Wikipedia Page CreatedFirst mention

46. Wikipedia Page CreatedFirst mention Are there common temporal patterns in how entities emerge in online text streams?

47. Wikipedia Page CreatedFirst mention Are there common temporal patterns in how entities emerge in online text streams?Yes!

48.

49.

50. Can we leverage prior knowledge of entities to bootstrap the discovery of new entities?

51. Can we leverage prior knowledge of entities to bootstrap the discovery of new entities? Yes!

52.

53.

54. *****

55. ***** Can we leverage collective intelligence to construct entity representations for in- creased retrieval effectiveness of entities of interest?

56. ***** Can we leverage collective intelligence to construct entity representations for in- creased retrieval effectiveness of entities of interest? Yes!

57. Part II Entities of Interest: Producers of digital traces

58. Part II Entities of Interest: Producers of digital traces Aim: Study and predict real-world activity from digital traces

59. Part II Entities of Interest: Producers of digital traces Aim: Study and predict real-world activity from digital traces Two case-studies

60.

61. d.p.graus@uva.nl z.ren@uva.nl derijke@uva.nl

62. d.p.graus@uva.nl z.ren@uva.nl derijke@uva.nl

63. d.p.graus@uva.nl z.ren@uva.nl derijke@uva.nl Can we predict email communication through modeling email content and communication graph properties?

64. d.p.graus@uva.nl z.ren@uva.nl derijke@uva.nl Can we predict email communication through modeling email content and communication graph properties? Yes!

65.

66.

67.

68. Creation times Notification times Creation times Notification times

69. Creation times Notification times Creation times Notification times Can we identify patterns in the times at which people create reminders, and, via notiﬁcation times, when the associated tasks are to be executed?

70. Creation times Notification times Creation times Notification times Can we identify patterns in the times at which people create reminders, and, via notiﬁcation times, when the associated tasks are to be executed? Yes!

71. In Summary • Part 1:  We propose methods for analyzing, predicting, and retrieving emerging entities • Part 2:  We propose methods for predicting future activity by leveraging digital traces.

72.

73. Program Committee comes and grills me Committee   retreats Ceremony Reception downstairs 10:15  11:00  ~11:15 ~11:30—   12:30 

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