1. Understanding Yourself
and Others
Derek Bergeron, Ph.D.Derek Bergeron, Ph.D.
Psychologist IIIPsychologist III
CVM Satellite OfficeCVM Satellite Office
Student Counseling ServiceStudent Counseling Service
Room 060 – CVM TunnelRoom 060 – CVM Tunnel
Texas A&M UniversityTexas A&M University
979-845-0806979-845-0806
D-Bergeron@scs.tamu.eduD-Bergeron@scs.tamu.edu

2. 4 scales with two dimensions:
Extraversion-Introversion
Sensing-Intuition
Thinking-Feeling
Judging- Perceiving
16 total “types”
The MBTI is dichotomous (i.e. which one of these
two dimensions is the best fit)
The MBTI looks at preferences; a preference
means that there is a tendency to favor one
dimension over the other; the MBTI assumes that
there WILL be a preference

3. No combination of preferences or type is
“better or worse” than the other
Each type represents a valuable and
reasonable way to be – each with it’s own
potential strengths as well as likely blind
spots
Increased self awareness can help balance
our strengths and weaknesses, allowing us
to be more comfortable in a variety of
settings

4. Energized by being
with others
Center of attention
Experience the world
Think out loud
Easier to “read”
Breadth
Talker
Enthusiastic, fast
paced
75% of population
Energized by being
alone
Avoid attention
Understand world
Think quietly
Private
Depth
Listeners
Enthusiasm is kept to
self, contemplative
25% of population

5. Extraverts
 Slow down; LISTEN
 Ask people if they are
busy before talking
 If someone is silent, ask
what they think
 Remember some people
need time alone
 Monitor yourself for
redudancy
 Demonstrate active
listening
 Don’t assume pauses
are an invitation
Introverts
 Make an effort to verbalize
 Don’t forget to socialize
 Remember that extroverts
often need to talk
 Ask questions- use your
listening skills to engage
 Be clear when you need
space- if possible specify
how much time you need
 Try and offer thoughts
more quickly (prefiltering)
 Remember: people can’t
read your mind…

6. Trusts what is certain,
concrete
Practical application
Realist, common sense
Specific, literal,
detailed
Oriented in the
present
Down to earth
75% of Americans
Trusts inspiration and
inference
New ideas, conceptual
Imagination, creativity
General, figurative,
big picture
Oriented toward the
future
Head in the clouds
25% of Americans

7. Sensors
 Remember that facts
aren’t everything
 Make an effort to
consider factors other
than what is concrete
 Consider that a
problem/practical
limitation doesn’t
automatically make an
idea invalid; perhaps
there is a workaround
Intuitives
 Consider sticking to
the issue at hand
 Be open to examining
and critiquing ideas
 Provide concrete
examples
 Work to develop a
plan for your ideas

8. 50% of Population
65% of Men
Distrust feelings, fear
of being biased
Logical, detached
Objective values
Justice, clarity
Firm-minded
Laws, rules
50% of Population
65% of women
Feelings are a source
of information
Empathic, involved
Subjective values
Harmony, mercy
Compassionate
Individual situation,
open to exceptions to
the rule

9. Feeling
 Be direct, don’t avoid
confrontation
 Provide balanced
feedback
 Avoid becoming overly
emotional during a
discussion
 Remember that
criticism can be
constructive, and isn’t
always destructive
Thinking
 Allow emotion to be
expressed
 Personal factors can
be logical to consider
 Look for points of
agreement
 Avoid focusing on
only the cons of a
situation

10. Happy when decision
is made
Work first, play later
Predictable, planned
environment
Prefers rules
Planning=less stress
Structured
Satisfied by
completing projects
50% of population
Happy when options
are open
Play first, work later
Flexible, changing
environment
Dislikes rules
Planning=more stress
Spontaneous
Satisfied by starting
projects
50% of population

11. Judgers
Take more time
Be patient
Don’t jump to
conclusions
Remember: your way
isn’t always best
Allow some room for
flexibility
Negotiate on plans; if
people are not following
your plans, it may in part
be because they did not
have enough input
Perceivers
Decide sooner than might
be preferable
Avoid sharing too many
options
Negotiate on timelines
and deadlines
Avoid making changes at
the last minute on group
efforts
Realize that delaying a
decision and avoiding
plans can be a stressor for
others

12.  A visual overview of the 16 types
 Note: the descriptions and examples given are
simply illustrative, it is fair to conclude that
George Washington never had an opportunity to
take the MBTI; the individuals listed with each
category are simply individuals that have been
identified by others as a likely fit for this
personality type

13. ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
Duty Fulfillers Nurturers Protectors Scientists
Organizers, driven Loyalty, service Gentle, inspiring Independent, curious
George Washington Mother Theresa Gandhi Sir Isaac Newton
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
Mechanics Artists Idealists Thinkers
Just do it Action, live and let Making life kinder Idea mills
Clint Eastwood Mozart Mr. Rogers Einstein
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
Doers Performers Inspirers Visionaries
Risk taking Free spirits; surprise People are the product Progress is the product
George W. Bush Bill Clinton Barack Obama Thomas Edison
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Administrators Caregivers Persuaders Executives
Responsible, productive Gracious, trusted Eloquence Vision, enthusiasm
Hillary Clinton Sally Struthers Martin Luther King, Jr. Bill Gates

14.  A satirical take on the 16 types:

15. ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
Thought Police Tyrant
Conspiracy
Theorist
Criminal
Mastermind
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
Vigilante Crackpot Hippie Egghead
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
Conman
National Enquirer
Headline Drama Queen Mad Scientist
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Bureaucrat Control Freak Cult Leader Evil Overlord

16. o You likely have a preferred style
o Being aware of the strengths & limitations of that style
may help you avoid mistakes
o You may need to take into account the needs of others
so that they can work better with you
o Although you may not change who you fundamentally
are, you can learn to be more flexible, understanding,
and develop a wider range of skills; it is certainly
possible to go outside of one’s comfort zone on
occasion
o Said differently: your preferences might not change
drastically, but your comfort level on non-preferred
dimensions certainly can be developed

17. Introvert - 55
Sensation - 84
Thinking - 64
Perceiving - 37
Extravert - 58
Intuition - 29
Feeling - 49
Judging - 76

19.  ISTJ - 24
 ISFJ – 10
 INFJ - 2
 INTJ - 4
 ISTP - 3
 ISFP - 3
 INFP - 4
 INTP - 5
 ESTJ - 13
 ESFJ - 16
 ENFJ - 5
 ENTJ - 2
 ESTP - 11
 ESFP - 4
 ENFP - 5
 ENTP - 2

21. Introvert - 57
Sensation - 87
Thinking - 64
Perceiving - 42
Extravert - 77
Intuition - 47
Feeling - 70
Judging - 92

22. Introvert - 67
Sensation - 95
Thinking - 80
Perceiving - 49
Extravert - 63
Intuition - 35
Feeling - 50
Judging - 82

23. Introvert - 67
Sensation - 88
Thinking - 68
Perceiving - 49
Extravert - 67
Intuition - 46
Feeling - 66
Judging - 85

24.  Introvert– 246
 Sensation- 354
 Thinking- 276
 Perceiving- 177
 Extravert– 265
 Intuition- 157
 Feeling- 235
 Judging- 334

25.  ISTJ - 21
 ISFJ - 13
 INFJ - 4
 INTJ - 5
 ISTP - 3
 ISFP - 4
 INFP - 5
 INTP - 2
 ESTJ - 18
 ESFJ - 15
 ENFJ - 11
 ENTJ - 5
 ESTP - 6
 ESFP - 7
 ENFP - 11
 ENTP - 4

26.  ISTJ - 23
 ISFJ - 17
 INFJ - 5
 INTJ - 2
 ISTP - 9
 ISFP - 2
 INFP - 4
 INTP - 5
 ESTJ - 21
 ESFJ - 5
 ENFJ - 3
 ENTJ - 5
 ESTP - 11
 ESFP - 7
 ENFP - 7
 ENTP - 4

27.  ISTJ - 19
 ISFJ - 17
 INFJ - 5
 INTJ - 2
 ISTP - 10
 ISFP - 4
 INFP - 7
 INTP - 3
 ESTJ - 11
 ESFJ - 17
 ENFJ - 5
 ENTJ - 9
 ESTP - 9
 ESFP - 1
 ENFP - 10
 ENTP - 5

28.  ISTJ - 87
 ISFJ - 57
 INFJ - 16
 INTJ - 13
 ISTP - 25
 ISFP - 13
 INFP - 20
 INTP - 15
 ESTJ - 63
 ESFJ - 53
 ENFJ - 24
 ENTJ - 21
 ESTP - 37
 ESFP - 19
 ENFP - 33
 ENTP - 15