Smart Car Parking system using GSM Technology

IDL - International Digital Library Of
Technology & Research
Volume 1, Issue 5, May 2017 Available at: www.dbpublications.org
International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017
IDL - International Digital Library 1 | P a g e Copyright@IDL-2017
Smart Car Parking system using GSM Technology
S Suresh Kumar1
B.E., M.Th., (Ph.D.)Dilip S2
Kumuda S3
Manu M4
Govindraju A5
1
( Assistant professor, Department of CSE, VKIT, Bengaluru, sureshkatte89@gmail.com)
2
(B.E Student, Department of CSE, VKIT, Bengaluru, dilipkumar125@gmail.com)
3
(B.E Student, Department of CSE, VKIT, Bengaluru, kumudagowda.29@gmail.com)
4
(B.E Student, Department of CSE, VKIT, Bengaluru,manums4u007@gmail.com)
5
(B.E Student, Department of CSE, VKIT, Bengaluru, rajugowda1996@gmail.com)
Abstract— In this paper, we present PGS, a Parking
Guidance System based on wireless sensor
network(WSN) which guides a driver to an available
parking lot. The system consists of a WSN based VDS
(vehicle detection sub-system) and a management
subsystem. The WSN based VDS gathers information on
the availability of each parking lot and the management
sub-system processes the information and refines them
and guides the driver to the available parking lot by
controlling a VMS (Variable Messaging System). The
paper describes the overall system architecture of PGS
from the hardware platform to the application software
in the view point of a WSN. We implemented the WSN
based VDS of PGS and experimented on the system with
several kinds of cars.
Keywords—WSN, VDS, Parking Guidance System.
I. INTRODUCTION
Smart Parking is one of the most adopted and fastest
growing Smart City Solutions across the world. Airports,
universities, shopping centers and city garages are just a few
entities that have begun to realize the significant benefits of
automated parking technology. The ability to connect,
analyze and automate data gathered from devices, powered
by and described as the Internet of Things, is what makes
smart parking possible. Smart Parking involves the use of
low cost sensors, real-time data and applications that allow
users to monitor available and unavailable parking spots. The
goal is to automate and decrease time spent manually
searching for the optimal parking floor, spot and even lot.
Some solutions will encompass a complete suite of services
such as online payments, parking time notifications and even
car searching functionalities for very large lots. A parking
solution can greatly benefit both the user and the lot owner.
This paper proposes a smart parking system to solve the
problem of unnecessary time consumption in finding parking
spot in car park areas. A parking reservation system is
developed in such a way that users book their parking spots
through short message services (SMS) or by application. The
SMS sent will be processed by PIC microcontroller. This
microcontroller will reply the confirmation of booking by
giving the details of reservation like password and lot
number. The password will be used to enter the parking area
and valid for a certain period of time. The system is fully
automated with the use of the Peripheral Interface Controller
(PIC). This microcontroller is capable in storing information
of empty parking spaces; provide passwords as well as
allowing or denying access to the parking area. When a car
arrives at the door the microcontroller receives the signal
from the entry sensors and then checks whether there is a
capacity of cars to be accommodated. Simultaneously it will
also display the number of cars present in the parking lot on a
LCD screen and also opens the gate. When a car moves out
of the parking area the microcontroller reduces the count
displayed accordingly and also closes the gate. A prototype
of a car park system has been designed to demonstrate the
capability of the proposed work. The demonstration has
proven the capability of the system to reserve the parking,
gain entry to the parking area and hence eliminates the hassle
of searching empty parking slots.
II. EXISTING SYSTEM
Recent increase in the growth of automotive
industry coupled with the perpetual demand of commuters
urged the need for better and smarter parking mechanisms.
Studies have estimated that on a daily basis 30% of traffic in

the downtown area of major cities is due to cruising for
parking spots and result in traffic congestion. Most of the
existing parking management systems rarely address the
issues of parking space management, vehicle guidance,
parking lot reservation etc.
The major parking lot problems like Difficulty in
Finding Vacant Spaces Quickly, finding a vacant space in a
multilevel parking lot is
difficult if not impossible,
especially on weekends or
public holidays. Finding
spaces during weekends or
public holidays can take
more than 10 minutes for
about 66% of visitors.
Stadiums or shopping malls
are crowded at peak
periods, and difficulty in
finding vacant slots at these
places is a major problem
for customers. Insufficient
car park spaces lead to
traffic congestion and driver
frustration. If a car is parked
in such a way that it
occupies two parking slots
rather than one, this is
called improper parking
,.Improper parking can
happen when a driver is not careful about another driver‟s
rights and there is a chances of revenue leakage and results in
loss to parking lot owners.
Fig.1 Existing
system
The limitations of
existing systems are
Manipulation of
bills, Poor guidance
for parking a
customer‟s vehicle,
Time consuming,
Insufficient parking lots
leads to traffic
congestion, Fuel loss and
Revenue leakages causes loss to lot owners.
III. LITERATURE SURVEY
Various methods are prevalent for development of
autonomous or intelligent parking systems. Study of these
systems shows that these require a little or more human
intervention for the functioning. One of the intelligent
systems for car parking has been proposed by making use of
Image processing. In this system, a brown rounded image on
the parking slot is captured and processed to detect the free
parking slot. The information about the currently available
parking slots is displayed on the 7-segment display. Initially,
the image of parking slots with brown-rounded image is
taken. The image is segmented to create binary images. The
noise is removed from this image and the object boundaries
are traced. The image detection module determines which
objects are round, by estimating each object‟s area and
perimeter. Accordingly, the free parking space is allocated.
A vision based car parking system is developed which uses
two types of images (positive and negative) to detect free
parking slot. In this method, the object classifier detects the
required object within the input. Positive images contain the
images of cars from various angles. Negative images do not
contain any specified are used as input to detect the presence
of cars in the region. Haar-like features are used for feature
detection. However, limitations may occur with this system
with respect to the type of camera used. Also, the co-ordinate
system used selects specific parking locations and thus
camera has to be at a fixed location. Limited set of positive
and negative images may impose limitations on the system.
Number Plate Recognition technique for developing
autonomous car parking system uses image processing basis
to process the number plates of the vehicles. In this system,
the image of the license number plate of the vehicle is
acquired. It is further segmented to obtain individual
characters in the number plate. Ultrasonic sensors are used to
detect free parking slots. Then the images of number plate
are taken and analysed. Simultaneously, the current timing is
noted so as to calculate the parking fees. The LCD displays
„FULL‟ sign to indicate that a parking spot is not available.
However, some limitations with the system include
background colour being compulsorily black and character
colour white. Also, analysis is limited to number plates with
just one row. Smart Parking system designed proposed a
mechanical model with an image processing facility. The car
would be parked with the use of lift at multiple levels. Also,
image processing is used to capture the number plate and

store in database for comparison to avoid illegal car entry.
Thus, we aim to propose a car parking system that represents
a fully automated model with minimum human intervention
and overcome the limitations of existing systems.
IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM
This paper proposes a Smart Parking System using
GSM Technologywhich provides advanced features like
remote parking monitoring, automated guidance, and parking
reservation mechanism. The paper describes the overall
system architecture of SPARK from hardware to software
implementation in the view point of sensor networks. We
implemented a full-fledged prototype system for parking
management to realize the design functionalities and features
mentioned. Here we use IR sensors for monitoring and
displaying the status of car parking in LCD. If anyone want
to reserve parking slot by sending SMS to parking area or by
using android application, in the parking area GSM modem
gets the message and fed to microcontroller using UART
communication. The PIC microcontroller processes the
requested message and it will check the availability of space
in parking area using IR sensor. If the parking slot available
means the microcontroller replies with slot number,
password and time to be arrival to parking area else
controller replies unavailable status to requested mobile
number using GSM technology.
We are using Q-R code generation algorithm to
generate Q-R codes. When customers confirm their booking
of parking lots, a unique Q-R code is generated and send
tocustomers over the internet. This Q-R code will be used as
token or ticket to enter parking lot. At car parking lots there
will be a Q-R code scanner which is used to scan customers
Q-R code, if the Q-R code is valid then only customer can
enter into parking lot area.
In this paper we are also proposing automated gate control
system and E-wallet. Automated gate control system helps in
reducing human effort and the gate will open only after
verifying the Q-R code, if it is valid then only gate open, this
results in more secure and safe parking systems. E-
wallet option is used for payment methods. E-wallet option
made payment methods easier and it provides bidding option
so that the customers can bid their required parking areas, in
weekends or public holidays when there is more number of
vehicles in the areas like shopping malls, stadium etc., this
results in easy and fast booking of parking lots. After the
booking of parking lots, amount to be paid by the customer
for parking which will be calculated automatically depends
on parking area and time.
TECHNOLOGY INVOLVED:
Project Smart car Parking
System using GSM
Micro controller AT89C52
Controller Type 8 Bit controller
Software Platform Micro-Vision Keil
3.0 IDE
Protocol used I2C, UART (RS232)
Table 1: requirements for the system
The features of proposed work are Provision for reserving a
parking slot, Fast and easier method to book a parking slot,
Automatically cancellation of the reservation after certain
time (2Min), User-friendly interaction system Avoids
revenue leakage, More Secure and safe ,Wireless interface
between the customers and the System, Dedicated RTC,
EEPROM hardware‟s for better performance and accuracy,
Cost effective, Secured transaction using Q-R code and
Efficient way of guiding.
V. SYSTEM DESIGN
System design is the process of defining the
architecture, components, modules, interfaces, and data for a
system to satisfy specified requirements. Systems design
could be seen as the application of systems theory to product
development. Designmust be set by the project management
to coordinate the collective efforts of the team. System
design includes System Architecture.A system architecture is
the conceptual model that defines the structure, behavior, and
more views of a system.

Fig.2 Block Diagram of Smart car parking System
Fig.2 shows the block diagram of smart car parking
system. The major components used in this system are as
follows
A. The SST89E516RD2microcontroller: it is a 8-
bit microcontroller products designed and manufactured with
SST‟s patented and proprietary Super Flash CMOS
semiconductor process technology. The split-gate cell design
and thick-oxide tunnelling injector offer significant cost and
reliability benefits for SST‟s customers. The devices use the
8051 instruction set and are pin-for-pin compatible with
standard 8051 microcontroller devices. The devices come
with 72 Kbyte of on-chip flash EEPROM program memory
which is partitioned into 2 independent program memory
blocks. The primary Block 0 occupies 64 Kbyte of internal
program memory space and the secondary Block 1 occupies
8 Kbyte of internal program memory space. The 8-KByte
secondary block can be mapped to the lowest location of the
64 Kbyte address space; it can also be hidden from the
program counter and used as an independent EEPROM-like
data memory. In addition to the 72 Kbyte of EEPROM
program memory on-chip and 1024 x8 bits of on-chip RAM,
the devices can address up to 64 Kbyte of external program
memory and up to 64 Kbyte of external RAM. The flash
memory blocks can be programmed via a standard 87C5x
OTP EPROM programmer fitted with a special adapter and
the firmware for SST‟s devices. During power-on reset, the
devices can be configured as either a slave to an external host
for source code storage or a master to an external host
for an in-application programming (IAP) operation. The
devices are designed to be programmed in system and in-
application on the printed circuit board for maximum
flexibility. The devices are pre-programmed with an example
of the bootstrap loader in the memory, demonstrating the
initial user program code loading or subsequent user code
updating via the IAP operation. The sample bootstrap loader
is available for the user‟s reference and convenience only;
SST does not guarantee its functionality or usefulness. Chip-
Erase or Block-Erase operations will erase the pre-
programmed sample code. This microcontroller is act as
central processing, it receives the information from IR
sensors and update the parking area‟s status and sent over
internet to user by using GSM.
B.The Multipurpose Infrared Sensors: These are
used for obstacle sensing, color detection (between basic
contrasting colors), fire detection, line sensing, etc. and also
as an encoder sensor. The sensor provides a digital and an
analog output. The sensor outputs a logic one (+5V) at the
digital output when an object is placed in front of the sensor
and a logic zero (0V), when there is no object in front of the
sensor. An onboard LED is used to indicate the presence of
an object. The sensor outputs an analog voltage between 0V
and 5V, corresponding the distance between the sensor and
the object at the analog output. The analog output can be
hooked to an ADC to get the approximate distance of the
object from the sensor. IR sensors are highly susceptible to
ambient light and the IR sensor on this sensor is suitably
covered to reduce effect of ambient light on the sensor. The
sensors Operating voltage: 3 to 9V (Range maximum for
9V).
The sensor has a simple 4 pin interface –> +V(5V),
Gnd, Digital Out and Analog Out. The sensor can operate
within an operating voltage of 4 to 9V. The input power
should be provided to the +V (Vcc) and the Gnd pin. The
digital output of the sensor is provided on the third pin –
Dout. The analog output of the sensor is provided on the
third pin – Aout. Once the sensor is powered up, you will
S
S
T
8
9
E
5
1
6
R
D
2
Power
Supply
LCD Module
GSM
modem
IR Receiver
1
IR Receiver
2
IR Transmitter
1
IR Transmitter
2
RTC
Driver
Circuit
IR Receiver
3
IR Transmitter
3
Gate
Model

have to calibrate the sensor for the specific environment it
will be used in. To calibrate the sensor, you will have to set
the potentiometer by turning its knob by hand or a screw
driver. You will have to power the sensor and rotate the knob
of the potentiometer until the output of the sensor changes
from high to low. It is mainly used here for detection of
approach or moving out of vehicle.
C.RTC: A real time clock(RTC)is
a computer clock that keeps track of the
current time.Although the term often refers to the devices
in personal computers, servers and embedded
systems, RTCs are present in almost any electronic device
which needs to keep accurate time. The term real-time
clock is used to avoid confusion with ordinary hardware
clocks which are only signals that govern digital
electronics, and do not count time in human units. RTC
should not be confused with real-time computing, which
shares its three-letter acronym but does not directly relate
to time of day.
D.Power Supply: A regulated power supply is very
much essential for several electronic devices due to the
semiconductor material employed in them have a fixed rate
of current as well as voltage. The device may get damaged if
there is any deviation from the fixed rate. The AC power
supply gets converted into constant DC by this circuit. By the
help of a voltage regulator DC, unregulated output will be
fixed to a constant voltage. The circuit is made up of linear
voltage regulator 7805 along with capacitors and resistors
with bridge rectifier made up from diodes. From giving an
unchanging voltage supply to building confident that output
reaches uninterrupted to the appliance, the diodes along with
capacitors handle elevated efficient signal conveyal.
E.LCD Module: The Liquid Crystal Display
System Display(LCD)uses technology called electro-
optical modulation. This means it uses electricity to
change how much light passes through it. In this work it is
used to display required information like available slots,
filled slots, total number of slots etc.
F.GSM Modem: SIM300 is a Tri-band
GSM/GPRS engine that works on frequencies EGSM 900
MHz, DCS 1800 MHz and PCS 1900 MHz..It provides
internet connectivity and used to send or messages.
G.Driver Circuit: Driver Circuit is used to regulate
current flowing through a circuit or to control other factors
such as other components, some devices in the circuit. The
term is often used, for example, for a specialized integrated
circuit that controls high-power switches in switched-
mode power converters. An amplifier can also be considered
a driver for loudspeakers, or a constant voltage circuit that
keeps an attached component operating within a broad range
of input voltages.
H. Gate Model: The automaticgate model is used
for automatic functioning of gate which reduces drivers or
car parking lot‟s employee‟s effort in opening and closing of
gates.
VI. WORKING OF SMART CAR PARKING
SYSTEM
The steps involved in Smart Car Parking system are
as follows:
A.User registration: To Book a slot for parking,
first user must register their details like name of the user,
carnumber etc. by using android application.
B.Select nearest parking slot: After registering
user details new window will be opened automatically so that
we can select nearest parking area and check the availability
status of that parking area.
Fig.3 User Interface for registration

(a) (b)
Fig.4 (a) nearest parking places. (b) parking areas availability
status.
C.Confirmation of booking: Once user selects
particular parking slot, he/she get the confirmation of
booking in the form of Q-R code.
D. Verification of Q-R code:The received Q-R code is
used for verification in parking area. after verifying the Q-R
code, if it is valid then only users can park their cars.
D. Vehicle sensing:After verifying the Q-R code, if it is
valid, customer is allowed to park their cars, when user‟s car
approaches near parking slot it will be sensed by the IR
sensors and send updated information to processing unit.
E. Updating the Parking area status: after parking
cars in a respective slot, the information will be updated by
central processing system so that the number of available
slots will be decreased and information about parking area‟s
status will be displayed on LCD display.
Fig.5 Scanning of Q-R code for verification
Fig.6 Vehicle sensing by IR sensors
Fig.7 Updated parking area status
F.Payment:When user is leaving parking slot he/she must
scan the same Q-R code which they used for enter to go out
also. After scanning Q-R code automatically cost will be
calculated and displayed on user‟s interface. The amount to
be paid can be collected manually or by online transaction.
Once user left the parking area the updated information about
parking area will be displayed on LCD.
VII. OBSERVATION AND DISCUSSION
The rapid growth in the number of vehicles worldwide is
intensifying the problem of the scarcity of parking space.
gain according to industrydata, 30% of traffic congestion
occurs due to vehicle drivers struggling to find parking
Space. These in turn are magnifying the necessity ofsmart
and efficient parking systems. Today‟s intelligent parking
management systems are capable of providing extreme level
of convenience
to the drivers, as well as simplifying and automating the
business operation and administrative functions of the
parking site owners.
A. Emerging Trends in Parking:

Following are the trends having the greatest effect on
Parking Industry
Fig.8Trends in parking
The high growth rate in the registration of new cars
worldwide, with major boom from regional economies such
as Asia Pacific (APAC), willopen the window of
opportunities for parking management business. The ongoing
and upcoming smart city projects worldwide willcreate room
for the intelligent parking management systems. The global
parking management industry is expected to grow at a
CompoundAnnual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 11.4% from
2014 to 2019.
The parking management market is estimated to be at
$5,025.9 million in 2014. The market is expected to grow in
tandem with the growthin vehicle ownerships and parking
facilities development. Need for smooth traffic flow,
business benefits to the parking site operators, anddecreasing
hardware and connectivity costs are the key drivers for the
parking management industry.
Traffic congestion and gasoline prices leads the list for the
major societal changes having significantinfluence on
parking.
Fig.9Factors influencing Parking system
The high growth rate in the registration of new cars
worldwide, with major boom from regional economies such
as Asia Pacific (APAC), willopen the window of
opportunities for parking management business. The ongoing
and upcoming smart city projects worldwide will createroom
for the intelligent parking management systems. The global
parking management industry is expected to grow at a
Compound AnnualGrowth Rate (CAGR) of 11.4% from
2014 to 2019.The parking management market is estimated
to be at $5,025.9 million in 2014. The market is expected to
grow in tandem with thegrowth in vehicle ownerships and
parking facilities development. Need for smooth traffic flow,
business benefits to the parkingsite operators, and decreasing
hardware and connectivity costs are the key drivers for the
parking management industry.
B. Challenges and major pain points:
The major challenge in Parking Systems is of
system integration due to wide variety of hardware and
software platforms involved and hencepossess a great threat
or concern to the system scalability.The technology platform
supporting P&E, PARC and PUCRS systems comprises of a
myriad of hardware sensors, dynamic messagingsystems and
traffic control devices, wireless and wireline
telecommunications systems, computer clients and servers
and hardware driversand application interfaces.Enabling all
these devices from thousands of different vendors to
communicate and tying them together into one platform is
the greatestchallenge in reducing the cost and complexity of
smart parking. The variety of infrastructure hardware and
software systems that need to be

integrated is enormous and add to it the conventional older
hardware making investment in Smart Parking solution
highly risky andfragmented.
Another major pain point comes from the electronic payment
vendors. These payment processors provide permit based
electronicpayment, typically for a convenience fee. The key
to many of these hosted solutions is scalability, the ability of
the transaction processorto support over wide geographical,
market and service areas, with minimal cost.
VIII. GSM ARCHITECTURE
The basic architecture of different cellular standards is
thesame, their individual components and configuration may
differ drastically. Basic components of GSM include Base
transceiver station (BTS), base station controller, mobile
switching control (MSC) and the variety of registers and
network management systems.The mobile station comprises
mobile equipment and a subscriber identity module (SIM)
security and authentication or subscriber. The BTS and BSC
together constitute the base station subsystem (BSS) and
perform all the functions related to the radio channel for
speech data signaling and frequency hopping control and
power level control. The MSC, VLR and HLR are concerned
with mobility management functions these includes
authentication and registration of a mobile customers,
location updating call setup and release.The HLR is the
master subscriber database and carrier information about
individual subscriber numbers. Subscription levels, call
restrictions supplementary services and the most recent
location of subscriber. The VLR acts as a temporary
subscriber database for all subscribers and contains similar
information as that in HLR.VLR obviates a need of the MCS
to access the HLR for energy transaction. The authentication
Centre (AUC) works close with HLR and provides the
information to authenticator
all cells in order to guard against fraud. The equipment
identity register (EIR) is used for equipment security and
validation of different types of mobile equipment.
Fig 10.GSM Architecture
Network management is used to monitor and control the
major elements of the GSM network. In particular, it monitors
and reports faults and performance data besides helping in
reconfiguration of network. GSM also defines several
interfaces which include the radio interface, the interface
between MSC and BSC, the interface for external data device
and signaling interface which allows roaming between
different GSM networks.
IX. RESULTS
This paper proposes a system that helps users
automatically find a free parking space at the least cost based
on new performance metrics to calculate the user parking cost
by considering the time in each car park. This cost will be
used to offer a solution of finding an available parking space
upon a request by the user and a solution of suggesting a new
car park if the current car park is full. The simulation results
show that the algorithm helps improve the probability of
successful parking and minimizes the user waiting time. We
also successfully implemented the proposed system in the real
world.

Fig 11. Expected outcome
CONCLUSION
In this study, the smart parking system and has been
presented. From the various examples of the implementation
of the smart parking system being presented, its efficiency in
alleviating the traffic problem that arises especially in the city
area where traffic congestion and the insufficient parking
spaces are undeniable. It does so by directing patrons and
optimizing the use of parking spaces. With the study on all
the sensor technologies used in detecting vehicles, which are
one of the most crucial parts of the smart parking system, the
pros and cons of each sensor technologies can be analyzed.
Although, there are certain disadvantages in the
implementation of visual based system in vehicle detection as
described earlier, the advantages far outweigh its
disadvantages.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We would like to sincerely thank our project guide Mr. S
Suresh Kumar, Asst.Professor, department of CSE,
VKITfor his invaluable guidance, constant assistance,
support and constructive suggestions for the betterment of
the prefect, without which this Project Paper would have not
been possible.
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