1. Psychoanalytical FREUD

2. Psychoanalytic Approach To Personality Psychoanalytical Approach based on Freud’s work. The idea that behaviour can be influenced by an unconscious part of the mind.

3. Freudian Theory of Personality Three Parts of the Mind Aspects of mind which houses our thoughts and cognitive activities 3 parts: the conscious, the preconscious, the unconscious

4. The Conscious Contains thoughts of which you are currently aware Constantly changing as new thoughts enter the mind and others pass out of awareness

5. The Preconscious Stores all the thoughts you could easily bring into consciousness if you wanted to. E.g. what you ate for breakfast, who your kindergarten teacher was, etc.

6. The Unconscious According to Freud, vast majority of our thoughts are in the unconscious No immediate access to Cannot bring into consciousness except under certain extreme situations. Responsible for much of our everyday behaviour.

7. Three parts of the Personality In Freud’s view, the human personality could be divided into three parts: Id, ego and superego According to Freud, these parts are often not at peace with one another

8. Id The one and only part to the human personality AT BIRTH. Actions based on pleasure principle – the id is only concerned with satisfying personal desires, regardless of limitations or consequence. These reflexive actions are still present as adults, but held in check by other parts of the personality. Id uses wish fulfillment to satisfy its needs: if a baby is hungry with no food nearby, the id imagines the food and temporarily satisfies the need. Id impulses are unconscious, therefore, we are unaware of all the impulses we might wish to act upon.

9. Ego 0-2yrs + interaction with environment = ego Ego’s actions based on the reality principle – that is, the primary job of the ego is to satisfy the id impulse, but in a realistic way. Keeps unacceptable and dangerous id impulses in the unconscious

10. Superego About five years = superego Represents society’s and parents’ values and standards Places more restrictions on what one can and cannot do. Primary weapon – guilt! According to Freud, some children fail to fully develop the superego due to poor child-rearing practices. Can also become too powerful (“supermoral”), with impossible standards of perfection.

11. The Interaction of the Three Parts

12. Putting it altogether… Freud’s Topographical Model

13. Instincts and Tension Reduction Freud maintained that human behaviour is motivated by strong internal forces – drives/instincts Two major categories of instincts: 1) life/sexual instincts - Eros2) death/aggressive instincts - Thanatos The two types combine to motivate behaviours. Freud attributed most human behaviour to the life/sexual instinct. Note: sexual includes anything resulting in pleasure. Death instinct: the desire we all have to die and return to the earth. Mostly unconscious. Expression: self destruction, aggression against others.

14. Instinct Activation Increased psychological tension is created. Comparable to feelings of excitation, nervousness and arousal. Tension remains until the particular need is satisfied. Undesirable state = goal of most human behaviour to reduce the tension and return to a state of no tension.