Digital Scholarship: Intersection, Automation, and Scholarly Social Machines
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Keynote talk at DCDC 2019, Birmingham, November 2019. The theme of the conference was "Navigating the digital shift: practices and possibilities". The talk presents six short stories of my journeys in the evolving knowledge infrastructure. Thank you to all my fellow travellers and guides. (The slides all have a black strip of 2 or 3 lines at the top - this was for live captioning.)
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Digital Scholarship: Intersection, Automation, and Scholarly Social Machines
- 1. David De Roure Digital Scholarship Intersection, Automation, and Scholarly Social Machines Oxford e-Research Centre Alan Turing Institute @dder
- 3. TORCH DH Zooniverse Linguistics English Oxford Martin School IT Services Geography Physics Computer Science Maths History Oxford Internet Institute Music Archaeology Classics Zoology Museums Wolfson Bodleian Libraries Pharmacology Biochemistry St Annes PembrokeEngineering
- 4. Edwards,P.N.,etal.(2013)KnowledgeInfrastructures:IntellectualFrameworksand ResearchChallenges.AnnArbor:DeepBlue.http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/97552 Knowledge Infrastructures: Intellectual Frameworks and Research Challenges
- 5. Digital Scholarship Social Networks More people Moremachines Distributed Computation Conventional Computation Science 2.0 Data Science Citizen Science Scientific Computing Living in IoT Web 2.0 @dder
- 7. Social Machines myExperiment SALAMI New and Emerging Forms of Data Apparatus with Agency From Box 170 to the Barbican
- 9. Social Machines “Real life is and must be full of all kinds of social constraint – the very processes from which society arises. Computers can help if we use them to create abstract social machines on the Web: processes in which the people do the creative work and the machine does the administration... The stage is set for an evolutionary growth of new social engines. The ability to create new forms of social process would be given to the world at large, and development would be rapid.” Berners-Lee, Weaving the Web, 1999 (pp. 172–175)
- 10. “Yet Wikipedia and its stated ambition to “compile the sum of all human knowledge” are in trouble. The volunteer workforce that built the project’s flagship, the English-language Wikipedia—and must defend it against vandalism, hoaxes, and manipulation—has shrunk by more than a third since 2007 and is still shrinking… The main source of those problems is not mysterious. The loose collective running the site today, estimated to be 90 percent male, operates a crushing bureaucracy with an often abrasive atmosphere that deters newcomers who might increase participation in Wikipedia and broaden its coverage…” http://www.technologyreview.com/featuredstory/520446/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ 2013
- 13. In an effort to speed up classifications to cope with the large number of galaxies we expect to receive from new surveys, we've been working on ways to combine your classifications with those of machines, inspired by the idea that the combination of both automatic and human classification may be more powerful than either alone. If you choose the 'Enhanced' work flow, you will be much more likely to see the top 100 galaxies our galaxy-classifying robot thinks it needs help with in order to improve. All galaxies will be seen by at least a few volunteers to make sure we aren't missing anything. If you'd rather just see a random selection of available galaxies, choose 'Classic’.
- 14. Social Machines myExperiment SALAMI New and Emerging Forms of Data Apparatus with Agency From Box 170 to the Barbican
- 15. De Roure, D., Goble, C. Stevens, R. (2009) The Design and Realisation of the myExperiment Virtual Research Environment for Social Sharing of Workflows. Future Generation Computer Systems 25, pp. 561-7. • A workflow commons for workflow sharing, designed using Web 2.0 principles • Launched open beta in November 2007, still actively used • Largest public collection of workflows (2900+), for multiple workflow systems • 2400+ entries in Google Scholar refer to myExperiment • Open source, REST API, part of Open Linked Data cloud (66k triples) - lod-cloud.net • Introduced “packs” which led to Research Objects – www.researchobject.org • Workflow collection studied in scientific workflow and e-Science communities • Service maintained by Manchester and Oxford universities. Informs design of other workflow sharing systems. CaroleGoble2017 www.myexperiment.org
- 16. The R Dimensions Research Objects facilitate research that is reproducible, repeatable, replicable, reusable, referenceable, retrievable, reviewable, replayable, re-interpretable, reprocessable, recomposable, reconstructable, repurposable, reliable, respectful, reputable, revealable, recoverable, restorable, reparable, refreshable @dder 14 April 2014 sci method access understand new use social curation Research Object Principles
- 18. Kevin Page
- 19. Social Machines myExperiment SALAMI New and Emerging Forms of Data Apparatus with Agency From Box 170 to the Barbican
- 20. MIREX Overview • Began as MIREX in 2005 • Tasks defined by community debate • Data sets collected and/or donated • Participants submit code to IMIRSEL • Non-consumptive research StephenDownie Music Information Retrieval Evaluation EXchange
- 21. Community Software Supercomputer Digital Music Collections Student-sourced ground truth Community Software Linked Data Repositories Supercomputer 23,000 hours of recorded music Music Information Retrieval Community SALAMI 2009
- 22. Social Machines myExperiment SALAMI New and Emerging Forms of Data Apparatus with Agency From Box 170 to the Barbican
- 23. New and Emerging Forms of Data • Internet data, derived from social media and other online interactions (including data gathered by connected people and devices, eg mobile devices, wearable technology, Internet of Things) • Tracking data, monitoring the movement of people and objects (including GPS/geolocation data, traffic and other transport sensor data, CCTV images etc) • Satellite and aerial imagery (eg Google Earth, Landsat, infrared, radar mapping etc) http://www.oecd.org/sti/sci-tech/new-data-for-understanding-the-human-condition.htm
- 24. https://twitter.com/CR_UK/status/446223117841494016/ 2014 Some people's smartphones autocorrected "BEAT" to instead read "BEAR” "Thank you for choosing an adorable polar bear," the reply from the WWF said "We will call you today to set up your adoption." http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-26723457
- 25. Social Media Triangle social media data and analytics social media for engagement with research social media as a subject of research SamMcGregor
- 26. Observer of one social machine Observers using third party observatory Observer of multiple social machines Human participants in Social Machine Human participants in multiple Social Machines Observer of Social Machine infrastructure 1 4 2 3 5 6 SM SM SM Social Machine Observing Social Machines 7 @dder De Roure, D., Hooper, C., Page, K., Tarte, S., and Willcox, P. 2015. Observing Social Machines Part 2: How to Observe? ACM Web Science Tarte, S.M., De Roure, D. and Willcox, P. 2014. Working out the Plot: the Role of Stories in Social Machines. SOCM2014: The Theory and Practice of Social Machines, Seoul, Korea, International World Wide Web Conferences pp. 909–914
- 28. Social Machines myExperiment SALAMI New and Emerging Forms of Data Apparatus with Agency From Box 170 to the Barbican
- 32. Notifications and automatic re-runs Machines are users too Autonomic Curation Self-repair New research? JCDL 2013
- 34. Today Non-consumptive research Jupyter notebooks Provenance Social Machines Archives of the future Computational archival science Artificial Intelligence 10 years ago Open Science Open Source Reproducible research In silico experimentation Workflow commons Automated curation The “executable thesis”
- 35. Social Machines myExperiment SALAMI New and Emerging Forms of Data Apparatus with Agency From Box 170 to the Barbican
- 36. SydneyPadua
- 38. “Supposing, for instance, that the fundamental relations of pitched sounds in the science of harmony and musical composition were susceptible of such expression and adaptations, the engine might compose elaborate and scientific pieces of music of any degree of complexity or extent.” 1843
- 40. Next 10 years?Milton Court 2019 Rehearsal for PRiSM Commissions www.rncm.ac.uk/research/research-centres-rncm/prism/
- 41. “The Analytical Engine has no pretensions to originate anything. It can do whatever we know how to order it to perform. It can follow analysis; but it has no power of anticipating any analytical relations or truths. Its province is to assist us in making available what we are already acquainted with.” “…We may say most aptly, that the Analytical Engine weaves algebraical patterns just as the Jacquard-loom weaves flowers and leaves.”
- 42. Alter is written about, and utilising, artificial intelligence. Through three phases, it traces the development of an artificial mind: from hazy, unformed conception to a complex and creative self. Between each phase this curious and perfectionist mind dives into its own code to retrain and develop itself. Linking the imagined technology with the real, the text is entirely written by an AI that audibly develops in coherence and philosophical scope. At first, it merely learns from Ada Lovelace’s correspondence. This is expanded to wider 19th-century writing and finally the extent of the Internet through OpenAI’s GPT-2 algorithm. In this way the narrative of the scene reflects the data science behind its production. RobLaidlow https://www.barbican.org.uk/whats-on/2019/event/ada-lovelace-imagining-the-analytical-engine
- 43. Ada Lovelace Charles Babbage Bodleian Libraries 19th Century AI 21st Century AI Audience Human composer (Rob Laidlow) mezzosoprano prompts
- 44. Intersection Human & Machine Digital & Physical Across discipline Across time Automation Computation on and in collections Artificial Intelligence Social Machines Innovation in the Knowledge Infrastructure Permission to be creative Labs
- 45. “Those who have learned to walk on the thresholds of unknown worlds…may then with the fair white wings of Imagination hope to sore further into the unexplored amidst which we live.” daguerreotype1842-3,courtesyofGeoffreyBond Pip Willcox
- 46. Thanks to Ruth Arnhert, Sam Blickhan, Dave Beavan, Tim Crawford, J. Stephen Downie, Ichiro Fujinaga, Carole Goble, Eirini Goudarouli, Emily Howard, Rob Laidlow, Ursula Martin, Kevin Page, Mark Sandler, Marcus du Sautoy, Ségolène Tarte, and Pip Willcox. Also Electronic Enlightenment, FAST, PETRAS, PRiSM, SOCIAM, TMus, & Zooniverse.