Chapter 5 power point

› France and England are the two greatest
powers in the world
› France has a great army
› England has a great navy
› They are in direct competition in the
Americas
› Something has got to give

› Frontiers in North America were in dispute
› Both sides laid claim to NS, Acadia and the Grand Banks
› The area in dispute went south into modern-day states of
Pennsylvania and Louisiana
› Peace talks in Europe amounted to nothing

› French attack Iroquois in the Ohio Valley who trade with
the British
› They set up garrisons and forts in the region
› In October 1753, Major George Washington delivers
orders to the French to leave
› These orders are rejected

› The British begin attacking back
› Battles ensue over the next few years
› In 1755, Lt. Colonel Robert Monckton takes Fort Beausejour (near
NS and Acadia)
› This cut Louisbourg off from land-based reinforcements
› It’s the beginning of the end for the French in NS

› Took place from 1755-1763
› After taking Fort Beausejour, the English do not trust the
Acadians
› Acadians speak French, but claim they are a separate
nation from France and have no alliance with the French
› The English try to get them to swear an oath of loyalty to
England

› Acadians want to remain neutral and do not wish
to swear an oath to anyone
› The English then begin the expulsion
› Acadians are forcibly removed from their homes
› Families are split up and relocated all across the
continent
› This is one of the biggest disgraces of our history

› 1756- War breaks out (Seven Years’ War)
› England and Prussia against France, Austria,
Russia, and others
› This is considered the first “global war”
› France concentrates most of its troops to
Europe leaving fewer troops in the Americas
› Prussia has a great army, so England is free to
send more troops to colonies

› This is the last great French fort East of Quebec. It could:
– Help re-supply Quebec forts
– Launch attacks upon the British on the St. Lawrence
– Nearest outpost to France
› It had to go if Britain wanted to win

› May 1758- British Naval forces leave Halifax for
the attack
› There are nearly 200 ships and 14,000 men
› By June 25th the entire French Navy at
Louisbourg is destroyed
› One month later (26-July) Louisbourg fell to
the British
› This ended French power in Atlantic Canada

› With Louisbourg gone the French power resided in
Quebec
› On Sept. 13, 1759 the British attack
› Brits are led by Major-General James Wolfe
› French led by Lt. General the Marquis de Montcalm

› There are cliffs to one side of the plains which were
unfortified
› Montcalm did not think anyone could climb them…but
Wolfe’s men did
› Surprised, Montcalm attacked quickly
› Each side had approx. 4500 men

› The English troops were regulars, but the
French were largely militia
› The fight was short, but both Wolfe and
Montcalm were mortally wounded
› Wolfe was shot in the chest and stomach
› As he was lying on the field he watched the
French retreating. He gave orders to his men
to give chase, then died
› Montcalm died the next morning of a
stomach wound

› By now the French and English have been fighting for
about 8 years
› Earlier in the year the French took St. John’s
› The British want it back to keep control of the fisheries
› Sept. 15 at dawn, the British launch a surprise attack on
Signal Hill

› The surprise worked and the French were defeated easily
› With this position fortified St. John’s was ceded by the
French 3 days later
› This was the final battle of the Seven Year’s War in the
Americas

› The Treaty of Paris was signed Feb. 10, 1763
› England gained all the French territory in
Canada and east of the Mississippi
› French settlements in Quebec were given rights
to remain as a distinct society
› This formed the basis for Quebec’s special
position today

› What did the British think
about the First Nations after
the conquest?
› Who was Chief Pontiac?
› What did the First Nations
receive from the Royal
Proclamation?

› Britain
– Controls most of North America
– Controls 70,000 French citizens
– Deeply in debt
› 57 Billion Dollars modern money

1. Deport
2. Assimilate
3. Leave Alone

› Remove from Canada
› Challenge –more people in
Canada than Acadia

› Make one culture into another
– Bring in British laws
– Restrict French culture
– Hope French will convert
› Very Ethnocentric

› Allow French to continue
way of life
– Stay on land
– Keep culture and traditions

› Break into 3 Groups
› Come up with arguments for
assigned position:
› Deport
› Assimilate
› Leave Alone
› Argue for your position

› Remember:
– Britain wants the cheapest
solution
– Britain wants the safest
solution
› No rebellions
› No one supports France in war

› Form a Group of 3, made up of:
› 30 Sec Argument:
› Open debate

› Made the Royal Proclamation
– Introduce British law and
government
– Banned Catholics from government
– Encourage people from 13 Colonies
to come to Canada

› French refuse to become British
– keep culture
› British colonists refuse to live in
Quebec
› British fear French rebellion

› With your table groups,
using your notes and
pg. 163 discuss:
› Who got the better deal
out of the Royal
Proclamation: French or
First Nations?

› Read the three comments on
pg. 165
› Decide: Who was responsible
for making each comment?

› What was the Seven Years
War?
› What was the outcome of
the Seven Years War?
› How did the Seven Years
War affect Canada?

› Pros:
– No threats from colonists
– More land for British
› Cons:
– Lots of French colonists
– Need to use army - cost lots
to remove

› Pros:
– Cheap – no army needed
– Get more colonists
› Cons:
– French do not want to become
British
– Might rebel

› Pros:
– Happy - Less likely to rebel
– Cheap – no army
› Cons:
– May not be loyal
– May support France in war

Chapter 5 power point

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